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1.
湖南稻区稗草对二氯喹啉酸的抗药性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对湖南部分稻区稗草生物型对二氯喹啉酸的抗性水平进行监测。琼脂法测定结果表明,湖南安乡稗草生物型已对二氯喹啉酸产生了明显的抗性,2001年安乡稗草生物型IC50结果显示,其最高相对抗性倍数高达63.80;常德市郊、汉寿县、长沙县高桥镇和春华镇的稗草生物型对二氯喹啉酸的抗药性正在形成,IC50相对抗性倍数比值为2.15-2.78;而其他地区稗草生物型尚未对二氯喹啉酸产生抗性。茎叶喷雾法测定表明,在室内即便是使用高浓度400 mg／L二氯喹啉酸也不能很好地控制安乡稗草生物型;田间使用浓度为6倍于田间推荐用量(1 350 g／hm2)的二氯喹啉酸不能有效防治安乡稗草生物型,而用田间推荐量(225 g／hm2)的二氯喹啉酸可有效的防治敏感性稗草生物型。以上结果表明湖南安乡稗草生物型已对二氯喹啉酸产生极明显的抗药性。 相似文献
2.
我国长江中下游稻区稗草对二氯喹啉酸的抗药性研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
用琼脂法测定了长江中下游稻区43个稗草(Echinochloa crusgalli)对二氯喹啉酸的抗药性水平。2003年采自浙江绍兴的稗草对二氯喹啉酸最为敏感,其EC50为0.326 8 mg/L,以其为敏感稗草。2003年采自浙江陶堰和浙江塘下的稗草对二氯喹啉酸的抗药性处于极高抗水平,抗性比分别达到718.48和695.84。采自湖南安乡(2004年)和浙江杭州(2003年)的稗草也产生了高水平抗药性,抗性倍数分别为62.21倍和41.22倍。采自浙江皋埠(2003年)的稗草对二氯喹啉酸的抗药性还处于低水平抗性阶段,其抗性比为6.41。而其余37个稗草对二氯喹啉酸的EC50为0.495 3~1.315 mg/L,抗性比为1.52~4.02,表明这些地方稗草尚处于对二氯喹啉酸敏感或敏感性正在下降阶段。 相似文献
3.
本文通过室内贴牌水培法及整株法,快速鉴定并验证了2013年采自湖南省不同地区稻田的50个稗草生物型对二氯喹啉酸的抗药性,试验结果表明:贴牌水培法所用的二氯喹啉酸甄别剂量为80mg/L;稗草死亡率越低,其抗性倍数(resistance factor,RF)越高,其中死亡率为0时,整株法测定的RF值高达896.07~1 209.38;贴牌水培法测定的稗草样本对二氯喹啉酸的ED50远低于整株法,但两种方法得到的不同稗草生物型对二氯喹啉酸的抗性水平趋势高度吻合。笔者认为以贴牌水培法测定的死亡率小于40%的稗草样本对二氯喹啉酸的抗性风险较高,值得深入研究。 相似文献
4.
《杂草科学》2019,(3)
稗属(Echinochloa spp.)杂草严重影响我国水稻安全生产。二氯喹啉酸作为主要的除稗剂,连续施用多年,抗性问题突出。为进一步探明稗草对二氯喹啉酸等除稗剂的抗性现状,以便有针对性地进行抗性治理,对采集于江苏省稻区的稗草种群进行抗性分析。结果表明,采自常州市金坛区金城镇、南京市六合区和镇江市句容市的稗草种群对二氯喹啉酸抗性频率分别为25. 93%、30. 53%和22. 6%,采集于其他几个地区的稗草种群抗性频率在4. 69%～9. 71%之间。对分离筛选到4种抗性稗草进行抗性水平测定,整株生物测定结果表明,普通稗EB-S和EB-R的GR50(生长抑制中量)值分别为194. 85和4 483. 33 g a. i./hm2,普通稗抗性材料(EB-R)的抗性指数达到了23,EB-R对二氯喹啉酸产生了较高水平的抗药性。孔雀稗(ES-R)、西来稗(EZ-R)和无芒稗(EM-R)对二氯喹啉酸的抗性指数分别为8. 87、9. 32、7. 41,处于中等水平抗药性。另外,普通稗(EB-R)和西来稗(EZ-R)对双草醚和氰氟草酯产生了一定的抗(耐)药性,无芒稗(EM-R)对唑酰草胺产生了一定的抗(耐)药性。本研究结果可为通过轮换用药治理抗性杂草提供理论依据。 相似文献
5.
利用整株测定法,测定湖南省主要稻区29个稗草生物型对二氯喹啉酸的抗性。结果表明,湖南省隆回县的生物型稗草对二氯喹啉酸最敏感,其EC50为76.388 3 g a.i./hm2,为敏感生物型。湖南省益阳芷湖口镇和湖南省长沙望城县(直播田)的生物型稗草对二氯喹啉酸的EC50分别为1 567.164 g a.i./hm2和2 477.542 g a.i./hm2,抗药性指数分别达20.52和32.43,表明这两种生物型稗草的抗药性处于高水平抗性。其中10个生物型稗草的EC50为155.931 8～375.114 g a.i./hm2,抗药性指数为2.02～4.91,表明这些生物型稗草已产生抗性。而其余16个生物型稗草的EC50为84.020 3～151.596 g a.i./hm2,抗药性指数为1.10～1.98,表明这些地方稗草的敏感性正在下降。 相似文献
6.
为明确宁夏地区稻田稗草对乙酰辅酶A羧化酶抑制剂类除草剂氰氟草酯的抗药性水平以及对其他除草剂可能存在的交互抗性与多抗性情况，采用整株生物测定法研究了采自宁夏稻田的36个稗草种群对氰氟草酯的抗药性, 并使用单剂量法测定了各种群对五氟磺草胺、嘧啶肟草醚、噁唑酰草胺、二氯喹啉酸和敌稗的交互抗性及多抗性。结果表明, 以氰氟草酯GR50数值最小的生物型为敏感生物型计算抗性指数(RI), 仅有1个稗草种群在推荐剂量下被完全杀死, RI≤ 3.0; 11个稗草种群的RI范围为3.3～9.4, 表现出低水平抗性, 发生频率为30.56%; 19个种群的RI范围为10.3~58.3, 表现出中等水平抗性; 发生频率为52.78%; 5个稗草种群的RI＞100, 表现出高水平抗性, 占比13.89%, 其中采自银川市贺兰县立岗镇通义村的稗草种群抗性水平最高。交互抗性和多抗性研究结果表明, 在田间最高推荐剂量下氰氟草酯对稗草鲜重抑制率低于90%的种群中, 58%的稗草种群对噁唑酰草胺产生了交互抗性, 对五氟磺草胺、嘧啶肟草醚、二氯喹啉酸和敌稗产生多抗性的种群所占百分率分别为94%、100%、100%和18%。研究发现宁夏地区水稻田多数稗草种群对氰氟草酯产生了不同程度的抗药性, 并对其他常用稻田除草剂产生了交互抗性与多抗性, 其中银北地区稗草种群抗药性水平最高, 部分地区稗草抗性已达到高抗水平, 宁夏水稻田亟须抗性稗草综合治理技术的研究。 相似文献
7.
生长素类除草剂二氯喹啉酸在我国使用了20多年,目前,稻田稗草对二氯喹啉酸产生了抗性,抗二氯喹啉酸稗草逐渐成为我国南北稻区的防除难题。稗草抗二氯喹啉酸机理比较复杂,从稗草感知二氯喹啉酸到产生氰化物的过程是通过生长素信号通路到乙烯信号通路传导的,期间发生了复杂的基因调控和相关酶的从头合成。最新研究认为,稗草主要通过提高氰化物解毒酶——氰丙氨酸合成酶(β-CAS)的活性和控制有毒氰化物的产量产生抗药性。本文综述了二氯喹啉酸的除草机理与稗草对二氯喹啉酸抗性这两个密切相关问题的研究进展。 相似文献
8.
《杂草科学》2019,(2)
为明确东北地区不同稻田区稻稗对五氟磺草胺、二氯喹啉酸和■唑酰草胺的抗性情况,采用整株生物测定法研究东北地区32个稻稗种群对3种除草剂的多抗性情况及抗性水平。结果表明:在32个稻稗种群中,3个种群(HLJ4、LN1、LN24)对3种除草剂产生了多抗性,其中HLJ4种群对二氯喹啉酸产生了高水平的抗药性,LN1和LN24种群对二氯喹啉酸产生了极高水平的抗药性,抗性指数分别为65.85、145.21和269.60;HLJ4和LN1种群对■唑酰草胺产生了高水平的抗药性,抗性指数分别为10.64和23.59,LN24对■唑酰草胺产生了中等水平的抗药性,抗性指数为9.86。HLJ4、LN24、LN1分别对五氟磺草胺产生了低、中、高水平的抗药性,抗性指数分别为4.80、8.66、25.67。 相似文献
9.
10.
新化合物唑嘧氯草胺(ZJ-2725)除草活性评价 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为明确新化合物唑嘧氯草胺的开发应用价值,采用室内生测法评价了新型三唑并嘧啶硫代乙酰胺类化合物唑嘧氯草胺(ZJ-2725)的除草活性、杀草谱及对作物的安全性.结果表明,唑嘧氯草胺对反枝苋等阔叶植物根的IC50为0.6994～10.3130 mg/L;而对禾本科杂草稗草和野燕麦根的IC50分别为20.3234mg/L和32.2657mg/L.唑嘧氯草胺茎叶处理对反枝苋、田旋花等的IC50为33.8708～40.7437 g/h㎡(有效成分,余同),对稗草和香附子等的IC50值为139.4231～277.6613 g/h㎡.与茎叶处理相比,土壤处理的除草效果较低.该化合物对小麦、玉米比较安全,其选择性系数分别为4.876、3.702,对白菜、油菜等双子叶作物敏感. 相似文献
11.
Two populations of Echinochloa crus-galli (R and I) exhibited resistance to quinclorac. Another population (X) exhibited resistance to quinclorac and atrazine. The R and I populations were collected from monocultures of rice in southern Spain. The X population was collected from maize fields subjected to the application of atrazine over several years. The susceptible (S) population of the same genus was collected from locations which had never been treated with herbicides. The quinclorac ED50 value (dose causing 50% reduction in shoot fresh weight) for the R and I biotypes were 26- and 6-fold greater than for the S biotype. The X biotype was 10 times more tolerant to quinclorac than the S biotype and also showed cross-resistance to atrazine, being 82-fold more resistant to atrazine than the R, I and S biotypes. Chlorophyll fluorescence and Hill reaction analysis supported the view that the mechanism of resistance to atrazine in the X biotype was modification of the target site, the DI protein. Quinclorac at 20 mg litre-1 did not inhibit photosynthetic electron transport in any of the test biotypes. The quinclorac I50 values (herbicide dose needed for 50% Hill reaction reduction) of the S population was over 50000-fold higher than the atrazine I50 value for the same S population, indicating that quinclorac is not a PS II inhibiting herbicide. Propanil at doses greater than 0·5 kg ha-1 controlled all the biotypes. © 1997 SCI 相似文献
12.
Resistance of Raphanus raphanistrum to chlorsulfuron in the Republic of South Africa 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Herbicide resistance poses a substantial threat to the agricultural industry throughout the world and during the past decade several reports regarding herbicide resistance have been published. Raphanus raphanistrum L., from two wheat farms located in the winter rainfall region of South Africa, showed indications of resistance to chlorsulfuron. Seeds from these suspected resistant biotypes as well as seeds from a susceptible biotype were collected and transported to the ARC-Small Grain Institute for herbicide resistance studies. Herbicides registered for R. raphanistrum control, i.e. chlorsulfuron, MCPA and bromoxynil, were used in this study. Significant differences in the degree of control were found between the susceptible and two resistant biotypes, when treated with chlorsulfuron. The LD50 values for the resistant biotypes (WR 1 & WR 2) were 45 and 11.3 g a.i. ha–1 , respectively, whereas the LD50 value for the susceptible biotype was 5.6 g a.i. ha–1 . The almost eightfold difference between the susceptible and resistant biotype (WR 1), indicated that resistance has developed to chlorsulfuron. Only twofold resistance was established between the other resistant biotype (WR 2) and the susceptible biotype. Significant differences between herbicide rates were also established with the MCPA and bromoxynil experiments. No significant difference could, however, be found between the susceptible and resistant biotypes when treated with MCPA and bromoxynil, indicating the importance of different modes of action of herbicide as a strategy to prevent herbicide resistance. 相似文献
13.
An acetolactate synthase (ALS)‐resistant Amaranthus retroflexus biotype was collected in a soyabean crop after repeated exposure to imazethapyr and thifensulfuron‐methyl in north‐eastern Italy. Studies were conducted to characterise the resistance status and determine alternative post‐emergence herbicides for controlling this biotype. Whole‐plant bioassay revealed that the GR50 values were 1898‐ and 293‐fold higher than those observed for the biotype susceptible to imazethapyr and imazamox respectively. The biotype also displayed high cross‐resistance to sulfonylureas. Molecular analysis demonstrated that a single nucleotide substitution had occurred in domain B (TGG to TTG at position 574), conferring a change from the amino acid tryptophan to leucine in the resistant biotype. However, herbicides with other modes of action (PSII, 4‐HPPD and PPO inhibitors) provided excellent control. The GR50 ratios for metribuzin, terbuthylazine and mesotrione were close to 1 and treatments with fomesafen gave 100% control of both susceptible and resistant biotypes at the recommended field dose. This study documents the first case of an imidazolinone and ALS‐resistant biotype in European crops and identifies the post‐emergence herbicide options available for managing this troublesome weed in soyabean crops. Alternative management strategies are also discussed. 相似文献
14.
山东省部分市县麦田杂草麦家公Lithospermum arvense对苯磺隆的抗药性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用温室盆栽法和培养皿法测定了山东省部分市县冬小麦田杂草麦家公Lithospermum arvense L.对苯磺隆的抗药性水平,以及其抗药性生物型乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)对苯磺隆的敏感性。温室盆栽结果显示,供试杂草对苯磺隆产生了不同程度的抗药性,其中胶州麦家公生物型抗性水平最高,抗性倍数为12.8倍;培养皿法测定结果也显示胶州麦家公生物型抗性水平最高,但抗性倍数为3.89倍。交互抗性测定结果表明,胶州抗性麦家公生物型对其他ALS抑制剂噻吩磺隆和苄嘧磺隆已产生不同程度的交互抗性,其中对噻吩磺隆的抗性倍数达到3.11倍。离体条件下,与敏感生物型ALS活力的抑制中浓度(IC50)相比较,胶州抗性麦家公生物型的IC50值是敏感麦家公的 2.65倍。表明ALS敏感性降低可能是山东部分市县麦家公对苯磺隆产生抗药性的重要原因之一。 相似文献
15.
BACKGROUND: Quinclorac (3,7-dichloro-quinoline-carboxylic acid) is a selective herbicide widely used to control annual grasses and certain broadleaf weeds. Echinochloa phyllopogon (Stapf) Koss. is the most noxious grass weed in California rice fields and has evolved resistance to multiple herbicides with different modes of action. A quinclorac-resistant (R) E. phyllopogon biotype found in a Sacramento Valley rice field where quinclorac has never been applied was investigated. RESULTS: Resistant to susceptible (S) GR50 (herbicide rate for 50% growth reduction) ratios ranged from 6 to 17. The cytochrome P450 inhibitor malathion (200 mg L−1) caused R plants to become as quinclorac susceptible as S plants. Quinclorac rapidly (6 HAT) stimulated ethylene formation in S plants, but only marginally in R plants. Malathion pretreatment did not reduce ethylene formation by quinclorac-treated S and R plants. Activity of β-cyanoalanine synthase (β-CAS) in tissue extracts was 2-3-fold greater in R than in S plants, and incubation of shoot extracts with 1 mM malathion reduced β-CAS activity by 40% in both biotypes. CONCLUSION: Resistance to quinclorac in R E. phyllopogon involved at least two mechanisms: (a) insensitivity along the response pathway whereby quinclorac induces ethylene production; (b) enhanced β-CAS activity, which should enable greater HCN detoxification following quinclorac stimulation of ethylene biosynthesis. This unveils new resistance mechanisms for this multiple-resistant biotype widely spread throughout California rice fields. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
16.
Tao JinJunliang Liu Zhibo HuanCuixia Wu Yaling BiJinxin Wang 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2011,100(2):160-164
Capsella bursa-pastoris, a winter annual weed in the mustard family, can not be controlled by tribenuron after the herbicide has been continuously used for several years. The resistant biotype Lz-R was the generation of a population collected from Liangzhu, a place where tribenuron had been used for more than 15 consecutive years. To confirm and characterize the resistance of C. bursa-pastoris to tribenuron, whole-plant bioassays were conducted in the greenhouse. The results of whole-plant bioassays revealed that Lz-R was highly resistant to tribenuron with the resistance index (GR50 Lz-R)/(GR50 Lz-S) up to 236.6. To investigate the molecular basis of resistance in C. bursa-pastoris, the acetolactate synthase (ALS) genes were sequenced and compared between susceptible and resistant biotypes. Analysis of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences between the biotypes indicated that one substitution had occurred in Domain A, cytosine by thymine (CCT to TCT) at position 197, that led to a change of the amino acid proline in the susceptible to serine in the Lz-R. 相似文献
17.
Mechanism of resistance to bensulfuron-methyl in Alisma plantago-aquatica biotypes from Portuguese rice paddy fields 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Two Alisma plantago‐aquatica biotypes resistant to bensulfuron‐methyl were detected in rice paddy fields in Portugal’s Mondego (biotype T) and Tagus and Sorraia (biotype Q) River valleys. The fields had been treated with bensulfuron‐methyl‐based herbicide mixtures for 4–6 years. In order to characterize the resistant (R) biotypes, dose–response experiments, absorption and translocation assays, metabolism studies and acetolactate synthase (ALS) activity assays were performed. There were marked differences between R and susceptible (S) biotypes, with a resistance index (ED50R/S) of 500 and 6.25 for biotypes Q and T respectively. Cross‐resistance to azimsulfuron, cinosulfuron and ethoxysulfuron, but not to metsulfuron‐methyl, imazethapyr, bentazone, propanil and MCPA was demonstrated. No differences in the absorption and translocation of 14C‐bensulfuron‐methyl were found between the biotypes studied. Maximum absorption attained 1.12, 2.02 and 2.56 nmol g−1 dry weight after 96 h incubation with herbicide, for S, Q and T biotypes respectively. Most of the radioactivity taken up by the roots was translocated to shoots. Bensulfuron‐methyl metabolism in shoots was similar in all biotypes. The R biotypes displayed a higher level of ALS activity than the S biotype, both in the presence and absence of herbicide and the resistance indices (IC50R/S) were 20 197 and 10 for biotypes Q and T respectively. These data confirm for the first time that resistance to bensulfuron‐methyl in A. plantago‐aquatica is target‐site‐based. In practice, to control target site R biotypes, it would be preferable to use mixtures of ALS inhibitors with herbicides with other modes of action. 相似文献
18.
AKIRA UCHINO SHIGERU OGATA HIROSHI KOHARA SHUICHI YOSHIDA TOSHIHITO YOSHIOKA HIROAKI WATANABE 《Weed Biology and Management》2007,7(2):89-96
Sulfonylurea-resistant biotypes of Schoenoplectus juncoides were collected from Nakafurano, Shiwa, Matsuyama, and Yurihonjyo in Japan. All of the four biotypes showed resistance to bensulfuron-methyl and thifensulfuron-methyl in whole-plant experiments. The growth of the Nakafurano, Shiwa, and Matsuyama biotypes was inhibited by imazaquin-ammonium and bispyribac-sodium, whereas the Yurihonjyo biotype grew normally after treatment with these herbicides. The herbicide concentration required to inhibit the acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme by 50% (I50), obtained using in vivo ALS assays, indicated that the four biotypes were > 10-fold more resistant to thifensulfuron-methyl than a susceptible biotype. The Nakafurano, Shiwa, and Matsuyama biotypes exhibited no or little resistance to imazaquin-ammonium, whereas the Yurihonjyo biotype exhibited 6700-fold resistance to the herbicide. The Nakafurano and Shiwa biotypes exhibited no resistance to bispyribac-sodium, but the Matsuyama biotype exhibited 21-fold resistance and the Yurihonjyo biotype exhibited 260-fold resistance to the herbicide. Two S. juncoides ALS genes (ALS1 and ALS2) were isolated and each was found to contain one intron and to encode an ALS protein of 645 amino acids. Sequencing of the ALS genes revealed an amino acid substitution at Pro197 in either encoded protein (ALS1 or ALS2) in the biotypes from Nakafurano (Pro197 → Ser197), Shiwa (Pro197 → His197), and Matsuyama (Pro197 → Leu197). The ALS2 of the biotype from Yurihonjyo was found to contain a Trp574 → Leu574 substitution. The relationships between the responses to ALS-inhibiting herbicides and the amino acid substitutions, which are consistent with previous reports in other plants, indicate that the substitutions at Pro197 and Trp574 are the basis of the resistance to sulfonylureas in these S. juncoides biotypes. 相似文献