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1.
Canine ganglioradiculitis (sensory neuropathy) was examined pathologically in two dogs (dog Nos. 1 and 2). The affected dogs had 1 and 2 years clinical courses from the onset, respectively. As common clinical signs, both cases showed progressive ataxia, difficulty in prehending food, visual deficit, and several sensory abnormalities. Gross observation after tissue fixation revealed whitish discoloration in the dorsal column of the spinal cords. The histological lesions were mainly distributed in the spinal dorsal roots, ganglions, and dorsal columns. In the spinal dorsal roots and ganglions, there were striking myelin loss, mild infiltration of mononuclear cells, and proliferation of small spindle cells. In the dorsal funiculus, there were moderate to severe diffuse myelin-loss and axonal degeneration. Immunohistochemistry for substance P (SP) revealed marked reduction of SP-immunopositive granules in the spinal substantia gelatinosa of affected dogs. By immunohistochemistry, CD3-positive cells were observed in the dorsal roots of dog No. 2, while CD3-positive cells were rare in those of dog No. 1. In the spinal ganglion of dog No. 1 there were many CD3- and MHC class II-positive cells. By indirect immunofluorescence assay using sera from affected dogs, no autoantibodies against canine nerve tissues were detected. The clinicopathological features of the present cases are almost consistent with those in previous reports of canine sensory neuropathies, while the etiology remains unclear.  相似文献   

2.
Sympathetic, parasympathetic and sensory neurons were labeled by injections of horseradish peroxidase into various regions of the heart in 33 Beijing ducks. Sympathetic postganglionic neurons innervating the heart were located in the paravertebral ganglia C15 (C16 is the last cervical segment in the duck) to T3, especially in the ganglion T1. The coronary sulcus and ventricle were more abundantly innervated by sympathetic neurons than the atrium. The left side of the heart was preferentially innervated by sympathetic postganglionic neurons in the left side of paravertebral ganglia but the right side of the heart were equally supplied from the right and left ganglia. Within the medulla oblongata, the number of labeled vagal preganglionic neurons in the nucleus ambiguus was much greater than that in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve. Labeled neurons of the nucleus ambiguus were found in many ducks injected into the coronary sulcus. Cardiac sensory neurons were observed in the dorsal root ganglia C15 to T2 (highest in the ganglion T1) and in the nodose and jugular ganglia of the vagus nerve. These labeled neurons probably form the afferent and efferent limbs of cardiac reflexes and control circulation in the Beijing duck.  相似文献   

3.
本文用ＨＲＰ法研究了鸡胃的副交感节前神经元和感觉神经元的定位，结果如下：１．将ＨＲＰ注入腺胃左侧壁后，标记的感觉神经元位于双侧颈静脉神经节和运神经节，以颈静脉神经节占优势（６３．２％）；标记的运动神经元位于双侧走神经背侧运动核的大细胞亚核后部、中间小细胞亚核和腹侧小细胞亚核前部，在多形细胞亚核及疑核内也出现少数标记细胞。２．将ＨＲＰ注入肌胃左侧壁后，标记感觉神经元位于双侧大细胞亚核、多形细胞亚核和  相似文献   

4.
Most local anaesthetic blocks are placed blindly, based on a sound knowledge of anatomy. Very often the relationship between the site of deposition of local anaesthetic and the nerve to be blocked is unknown. Large motor neurons may be stimulated with the aid of an electrical current. By observing for muscle twitches, through electrical stimulation of the nerve, a needle can be positioned extremely close to the nerve. The accuracy of local anaesthetic blocks can be improved by this technique. By using the lowest possible current a needle could be positioned with in 2-5 mm of a nerve. The correct duration of stimulation ensures that stimulation of sensory nerves does not occur The use of electrical nerve stimulation in veterinary medicine is a novel technique that requires further evaluation.  相似文献   

5.
Digital neurectomies, performed to relieve pain and lameness, are often complicated postoperatively by formation of painful neuromas. In this study attempts were made to deliver lethal doses of neurotoxin to the cell bodies of the transected digital nerve fibres via long-distance retrograde axon transport and, thereby, prevent the regenerative changes that lead to neuroma formation. After applying doxorubicin in various ways to the digital nerve stumps of ponies, degenerating or necrotic neurones appeared only sporadically in the spinal ganglia. Although doxorubicin was largely ineffective in retrograde destruction of cell bodies, when absorbed in pledgets on the stumps it exerted a sustained action which prevented Schwann cell proliferation and axon sprouting. Ricin, in contrast to doxorubicin, was effective in retrograde destruction of sensory neurons. Many affected neurons were devoid of polysomes but packed with mitochondria; others had advanced to various stages in cytolysis. Despite its effectiveness, ricin cannot be recommended because of its extreme toxicity. The clinical use of retrograde transport in equine neurectomy will probably depend on future development of hybrid toxins with high neural specificity and low systemic toxicity.  相似文献   

6.
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) mode of action is based on a blocking of fast sodium channels in nerve cell membrane what, in turn, abolishes the propagation of the action potential along the nerve fibers. TTX is currently used in experimental therapies focused on neoplastic or neurogenic pain, however, as for now there is no data concerning the influence of TTX on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons function. Thus, the present study was aimed at characterization of neurochemical coding of porcine sensory bladder-projecting cells after bladder instillation with TTX. Retrograde tracer Fast Blue (FB) was injected into the urinary bladder wall of six juvenile female pigs and three weeks later bladder instillation with TTX (12 microg per animal) was carried out in all animals. A week later, DRGs of interest were harvested from all animals and the neurochemical characterization of FB+ neurons was performed using routine double-immunofluorescence labeling technique on 10-microm-thick cryostat sections. In TTX-treated animals the number of FB+ cells containing galanin (GAL), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), somatostatin (SOM) and calbindin (CB) was 2.5%, 2%, 0.25% and 0.2%, respectively and that of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)-immunoreactive (IR) cells was 43%. These data when compared with previous reports, demonstrated that TTX profoundly changed the chemical coding of porcine bladder-projecting sensory neurons thus implicating that it may be used in case of hypoactivity of afferent part of reflex arc responsible for transmission of sensory information from the urinary bladder.  相似文献   

7.
本实验用ＨＲＰ逆行追踪法对家兔下颌淋巴结的神经来源进行了研究。结果表明；在同侧三叉神经半月状神经节和Ｃ１－４脊神经出现标记神经原，以三叉神经经半月状神经的标记细胞最多，提示下颌淋巴结的初级感觉主要经三叉神经传入；在同侧的颈前节，星状神经节及Ｔ２－３椎旁节出现标记的交感后神经原，主要出现于颈前节的吻侧端。  相似文献   

8.
为了探明乌鸡中枢神经系统内神经核团的细胞构筑,本试验以8羽泰和乌鸡为研究对象,采用石蜡切片和HE染色技术,在光镜下观察分析乌鸡脑桥内耳蜗神经核、外展神经核及其副核、面神经核、三叉神经感觉主核、三叉神经运动核、蓝斑、蓝斑下核和脑桥中缝核的形态特征。结果表明:乌鸡脑桥的耳蜗神经核也分为耳蜗神经大细胞核、板核、角核3个亚核,核团内神经元以中型为主,耳蜗神经大细胞核相对比较发达,角核核周界不明显;外展神经核吻极与面神经核吻极几乎平行,外展神经副核与外展神经核非常接近,不易分开;面神经中间核不发达;三叉神经运动核没有明显的内、外、腹侧亚核之分;蓝斑细胞排列较密集,细胞多为圆形、椭圆形,以中型细胞为主;蓝斑下核细胞排列松散,核团界限不明显,绝大多数细胞为椭圆形、纺锤形,中型细胞占多数。中缝脑桥核位于脑桥后段中部以下的中缝区,神经元多为三角形、星形和椭圆形,突起很发达,多为巨型细胞。各核团的分布与北京鸭和鸡的大体相似。  相似文献   

9.
肾俞穴,后三里穴与子宫相关的神经基础   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
应用辣根过氧化物酶（ＨＲＰ）法和荧光素双标记法，研究了家兔子宫与肾俞穴、后三里穴的外周神经联系。结果显示，支配子宫与肾俞穴、后三里穴的初级传入神经元及交感节后神经元分布节段部分重叠，在腰１（Ｌ１）脊神经节有少量的荧光素双标记细胞，约占该节荧光素标记细胞总数的２．６％，表明Ｌ１脊神经节有一些初级传入神经元，其周围突分支分布于肾俞穴和子宫，提示子宫与肾俞穴除通过中枢途径联系外，还可通过外周突分支投射的感觉神经元直接相联系；在胸１２～荐３（Ｔ１２～Ｓ３）交感神经节出现大量分别支配子宫和后三里穴的标记细胞，这两种细胞紧密相邻，提示支配子宫和后三里穴的交感节后神经元之间，可能还存在直接或间接联系。上述结果为穴位－内脏相关机理提供了形态学证据。  相似文献   

10.
取山羊结状神经节5对,采用免疫组织化学SP法观察促性腺激素释放激素（Gonadotropin releasing hormon,GnRH）受体在结状神经节的分布特点。结果显示,GnRH受体在结状神经节上广泛分布,神经元、卫星细胞、神经纤维、血管肉皮细胞均有不同程度的免疫阳性染色。在神经元胞体中,细胞膜和细胞质有GnRH受体强阳性产物分布,核不着色;卫星细胞、血管内皮细胞也有强阳性产物分布;神经纤维存在弱阳性产物分布。图像分析结果表明,神经元中GnRH受体的相对表达量与其他非神经结构相比差异性显著（P〈0．05）。结果表明,山羊结状神经节中的GnRH受体主要存在于神经元中,山羊结状神经节中的内脏感觉传入神经元对GnRH具有反应性,提示GnRH结状神经节内脏感觉传入神经元的GnRH受体可能作为GnRH对内脏器官的内分泌调节和自主神经对内脏器官的神经调节这2种途径协调作用的节点。  相似文献   

11.
Aims of the present study were to investigate the distribution and morphology of aquaporin 1-immunoreactive (AQP1-IR) neurons in the sensory ganglia of the sheep. Double immunohistochemical staining was applied to figure out whether substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and galanin are present in AQP1-bearing primary afferent neurons. The expression of AQP1 was present only in trigeminal ganglion, whereas in nodose ganglion, jugular ganglion as well as C(1) -C(7) dorsal root ganglia no presence of AQP1 was found. In trigeminal ganglion, 15.4 ± 2.3% of Hu C/D-IR neurons (pan-neuronal marker) showed the presence of AQP1. The vast majority of AQP1-IR trigeminal sensory neurons (approximately 69.6 ± 3.3%, n = 5) were classified as middle in size, 28.6 ± 3.0% of AQP1-IR neurons were small and only 1.8 ± 0.6% of AQP1-positive neurons were large in size. Amongst the population of AQP1-IR trigeminal neurons as many as 58.5 ± 3.9% were immunopositive to SP, 30.7 ± 2.3% showed the presence of CGRP and 10.9 ± 0.2% coexpressed galanin. In trigeminal ganglion, SP-IR as well as CGRP-IR (but not galanin-IR) nerve fibres were found in close neighbourhood of AQP1-IR neurons. It is concluded that AQP1 is present in certain neuronal subsets of the ovine trigeminal ganglion; however, the exact role of this water channel has to be elucidated.  相似文献   

12.
神经生长因子对神经元作用的研究进展   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
神经生长因子(NGF)是最早被发现的一种神经营养因子。NGF是对神经元的存活、生长发育、分化、再生和功能维持起调控作用的物质。早期应用组织细胞培养手段证实了NGF对交感、感觉及中枢胆碱能神经元具有营养作用,能维持其存活并诱导其突起生长。20世纪80年代以来,随着在动物体内神经损伤与再生模型制备技术的发展,NGF对神经再生及功能恢复作用的研究日趋深入,NGF的效应神经元范围也在扩大,有望为神经系统疾病提供有效的治疗手段。  相似文献   

13.
Sympathetic postganglionic and sensory neurons were labelled by injections of horseradish peroxidase into the testis of the male chicken. The total number of labelled neurons in the paravertebral, prevertebral, dorsal root and nodose ganglia was 943 on average for five chickens. Sympathetic postganglionic neurons were located in the paravertebral ganglia T3-LS3 (10% of the total number of labelled neurons), especially in T6 and T7, and in the prevertebral ganglia adjacent to the adrenal glands and aorta (19%). They were found almost ipsilaterally. No labelled neurons were observed in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. Sensory neurons were found bilaterally in the dorsal root ganglia T2-LS3 (71%), especially in T5 to T7. Over a quarter of labelled sensory neurons were located in the contralateral dorsal root ganglia. In the nodose ganglia, only a few labelled sensory neurons were observed (much less than 1%). These results indicate that, unlike the ovary, the testis of the chicken tends to be innervated by ipsilaterally located sympathetic postganglionic and sensory neurons, with the sensory neurons being more numerous than the sympathetic postganglionic neurons.  相似文献   

14.
The pattern of cerebrovascular substance P (SP)- and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive (IR) innervation was investigated in the quail. SP- and CGRP-IR nerves were relatively a few in the rostral part of the anterior circulation, and very scanty or lacking in its caudal part and the whole of the posterior circulation. A significant finding was that the anterior circulation in the majority of individuals is furnished with a varying proportion of SP-IR nerves with or without CGRP immunoreactivity. There was a good correlation in the expression of CGRP immunoreactivity between SP-IR cells in the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal ganglion and SP-IR nerves supplying the major cerebral arteries. In the quail, SP- and CGRP-IR fiber bundles are usually present in the internal ethmoidal artery (IEA). From these and other findings, it is most probable that cerebral perivascular SP- and CGRP-IR nerves are mainly derived from the same categories of neurons in the primary sensory ganglion via the IEA. The close association of varicose SP-IR axons to the nerve cells in the pial arteries suggests that these intrinsic neurons may play some vasocontrolling roles through the modulatory effect of their pericellular SP-IR axons.  相似文献   

15.
运用免疫组织化学超敏 SP法对山羊胎儿脊髓发育中神经生长因子 (nerve growth factor,NGF)及其高亲和力受体 Tr KA的表达及其功能进行了系统的研究和探讨。结果显示 ,山羊胎儿脊髓灰质中存在 NGF及其受体 Tr KA,于 6周龄胚就可检测到 ,随胚龄增加 ,其表达范围及免疫反应着色程度逐渐增强。 NGF主要分布于腹角和背角的神经细胞 ,反应产物主要定位于胞质和突起 ;Tr KA的分布主要以腹角及胶状质为主 ,反应产物主要定位于胞核 ,后期胞质及突起也可见到阳性反应。在山羊胎儿脊髓白质中也可观察到 NGF及 Tr KA免疫阳性反应 ,其发育后期更为显著 ,阳性反应主要分布于神经胶质细胞核、神经纤维的轴索及雪旺氏细胞。结果提示 ,NGF不仅对交感和感觉神经元的发育起作用 ,而且还与腹角运动神经元的发育有关  相似文献   

16.
The clinical, electrophysiological and pathological features of a purely sensory polyneuropathy in a Bordie Collie puppy are described. It was found to be ataxic, with a loss of proprioception and of pain sensation. Electrophysiological testing confirmed that the neuropathy was restricted to sensory function. Examination of nerve biopsy material revealed an axonopathy.  相似文献   

17.
Immunohistochemical properties of nerve fibres supplying the joint capsule were previously described in many mammalian species, but the localization of sensory neurons supplying this structure was studied only in laboratory animals, the rat and rabbit. However, there is no comprehensive data on the chemical coding of sensory neurons projecting to the hip joint capsule (HJC). The aim of this study was to establish immunohistochemical properties of sensory neurons supplying HJC in the sheep. The study was carried out on 10 sheep, weighing about 30–40 kg. The animals were injected with a retrograde neural tracer Fast Blue (FB) into HJC. Sections of the spinal ganglia (SpG) with FB‐positive (FB+) neurons were stained using antibodies against calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) substance P (SP), pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating peptide (PACAP), nitric oxide synthase (n‐NOS), neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), Leu‐5‐enkephalin (Leu‐Enk), galanin (GAL) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VACHT). The vast majority of FB+ neurons supplying HJC was found in the ganglia from the 5th lumbar to the 2nd sacral. Immunohistochemistry revealed that most of these neurons were immunoreactive to CGRP or SP (80.7 ± 8.0% or 56.4 ± 4.8%, respectively) and many of them stained for PACAP or GAL (52.9 ± 2.9% or 50.6 ± 19.7%, respectively). Other populations of FB+ neurons were those immunoreactive to n‐NOS (37.8 ± 9.7%), NPY (34.6 ± 6.7%), VIP (28.7 ± 4.8%), Leu‐Enk (27.1 ± 14.6) and VACHT (16.7 ± 9.6).  相似文献   

18.
Expression of neurofilament 200 (NF200)-like immunoreactivity was examined in the main olfactory system and the vomeronasal system of the Japanese newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster, using anti-porcine NF200 monoclonal antibody (clone N52) to investigate the differences in phenotypical characteristics between these systems. The entire nasal cavity was a flattened single chamber consisting of the main nasal chamber (MNC) and the lateral nasal sinus (LNS) communicating with each other. The olfactory epithelium (OE) was present in the MNC, and the vomeronasal epithelium (VNE) was in the LNS. The OE possessed only a small number of NF200-like immunoreactive receptor neurons. The olfactory nerve and the olfactory nerve layer of the main olfactory bulb also contained a small number of NF200-like immunoreactive axons. In contrast, the VNE possessed many NF200-like immunoreactive receptor neurons. The vomeronasal nerve and the vomeronasal nerve layer of the accessory olfactory bulb contained many NF200-like immunoreactive axons. These findings in the Japanese newt indicate that NF200-like immunoreactive receptor neurons constitute a major subpopulation in the VNE and a minor subpopulation in the OE. In addition, NF200-like immunoreactivity seems to be a useful marker to distinguish the vomeronasal system from the other nervous systems including the main olfactory system in the Japanese newt. The localization of a few NF200-like immunoreactive receptor neurons in the OE might indicate that pheromone-sensitive receptor neurons are intermingled in the OE of the Japanese newt.  相似文献   

19.
Electrophysiological evaluation of traumatic forelimb paralysis of the dog   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
The results of clinical neurological, electromyographic and electroneurographic examinations in 26 dogs with traumatic forelimb paralysis are presented. The results of neurological examination varied considerably among the cases. Electromyographic evidence of denervation in the epaxial muscles was observed in 22 dogs. A post ganglionic dorsal root lesion was diagnosed in 14 cases by the presence of an evoked sensory nerve action potential in association with loss of conscious pain perception in the appropriate area. Motor nerve studies in the ulnar nerve were not helpful in discriminating root lesions from spinal nerve involvement. It was concluded that electromyographic examination of the ipsilateral epaxial muscles under general anaesthesia is essential for the detection of root involvement. Sensory conduction studies in the radial nerve are indicated if conscious pain perception is absent in the fifth digit. Motor and sensory conduction studies of the ulnar nerve system seldom provide additional diagnostic information seldom provide additional diagnostic information. The absence of electrophysiological signs of root involvement does not exclude a post ganglionic dorsal root lesion.  相似文献   

20.
This study aimed to establish a clinically reproducible method of evaluation of sensory nerve conduction in the horse and to provide reference values in a group of normal horses. Age-related changes in the sensory nerve conduction velocity were of particular interest. Sensory nerve conduction was performed in the lateral palmar nerve. The results revealed an increase in velocity over the first year of life and a subsequent decrease in velocity in older horses. The effect of age must be considered if results from horses in which peripheral nerve disease is suspected are to be interpreted correctly. The results reflect similar findings in man and other domestic species.  相似文献   

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