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敌力脱等杀菌剂防治香蕉叶斑病药效试验 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
敌力脱等杀菌剂防治香蕉叶斑病药效试验李鄂平陆炳片宁章全吕斌叶青（浦北县水果生产办公室５３５３００）香蕉叶斑病是浦北县近年来香蕉产区的一种重要病害，该病分有褐缘灰斑病、灰纹病和煤纹病等三种类型为害，其中以褐缘灰斑病最为严重。流行时，常造成蕉叶枯死，果实... 相似文献
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香蕉叶斑病的发生及防治 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
香蕉叶斑病在香蕉产区普遍发生,常见的叶斑病有褐缘灰斑病、煤纹病、灰纹病,其中褐缘灰斑病尤甚。病害发生严重时,病株产量减少,果实质量下降。一、症状１．褐缘灰斑病：叶片感病初期叶面或叶背上出现淡褐色条纹,沿叶脉纵向扩展为圆形或长条斑,暗褐色至黑色。后期病斑周缘黑褐色,中央灰白色,长有稀疏灰色霉状物。病斑发生多时,全叶枯死。２．煤纹病：病斑多发生于叶片边缘,多呈短椭圆形、褐色,斑上轮纹较明显,病部在叶背面长出的霉状物,色泽较深。３．灰纹病：叶片感病初期为随圆形小斑,后扩展为两端略尖的长椭圆形大斑,中央… 相似文献
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香蕉是广东省的重要经济作物,主要分布于珠江三角洲、粤西、粤东地区。香蕉叶斑病(褐缘灰斑病、灰纹病、煤纹病等真菌性病害的统称)常年发生为害,一般发病率为20%～40%,严重的达80%,对香蕉的产量和质量影响很大,一般减产20%以上。多年来在广东防治香蕉叶斑病的农药主要为丙环唑 相似文献
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香蕉假茎细胞对枯萎病菌不同小种及其粗毒素的病理反应 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
以香蕉枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense)1号小种和4号小种及其粗毒素分别接种香牙蕉和粉蕉的组培苗及离体假茎后,用组织切片法观察香蕉假茎细胞的病理反应,以探明香蕉枯萎病菌不同小种及其粗毒素的致病作用。结果表明,枯萎病菌不同小种人工接种仅能感染相应的香蕉种类,但不同香蕉种类的离体假茎细胞用不同小种接种及其粗毒素处理,均产生褐变等病理反应,且病变程度不存在小种间的差异。表明枯萎病菌不同小种对香蕉不同种类的致病力差异可能与存在其它致病因子或专化性识别的因子有关。同时证实了病菌不同小种的毒素对蕉类不存在着选择毒性 相似文献
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立枯丝核菌对香蕉的致病特性测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在离体香蕉叶上做人工接种测定表明：立枯丝核菌对香蕉的一生均有致病力,但最容易侵染幼苗期。该病菌侵染香蕉苗以２５－３０℃为适宜深度高于３５℃时不能侵染致病。它在黑暗环境下比在自然散射光下更容易侵染香蕉苗。ＰＤＡ接种体的菌丝在香蕉叶片上的生长距离,密度及所致的病斑最大,发病１ｄ病斑接种体次之,发病５ｄ病斑接种体最小。 相似文献
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Arzanlou M Abeln EC Kema GH Waalwijk C Carlier J Vries Id Guzmán M Crous PW 《Phytopathology》2007,97(9):1112-1118
ABSTRACT The Sigatoka disease complex of banana involves three related ascomycetous fungi, Mycosphaerella fijiensis, M. musicola, and M. eumusae. The exact distribution of these three species and their disease epidemiology remain unclear, because their symptoms and life cycles are rather similar. Disease diagnosis in the Mycosphaerella complex of banana is based on the presence of host symptoms and fungal fruiting structures, which hamper preventive management strategies. In the present study, we have developed rapid and robust species-specific molecular-based diagnostic tools for detection and quantification of M. fijiensis, M. musicola, and M. eumusae. Conventional species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were developed based on the actin gene that detected DNA at as little as 100, 1, and 10 pg/mul from M. fijiensis, M. musicola, and M. eumusae, respectively. Furthermore, TaqMan real-time quantitative PCR assays were developed based on the beta-tubulin gene and detected quantities of DNA as low as 1 pg/mul for each Mycosphaerella sp. from pure cultures and DNA at 1.6 pg/mul per milligram of dry leaf tissue for M. fijiensis that was validated using naturally infected banana leaves. 相似文献
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A. JOHANSON R. N. CROWHURST E. H. A. RIKKERINK R. A. FULLERTON M. D. TEMPLETON 《Plant pathology》1994,43(4):701-707
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based technique of random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to differentiate DNA from species of the genus Mycosphaerella. DNA from two pathogens which cause Sigatoka leafspot diseases of banana, M. fijiensis and M. musicola , and two other Mycosphaerella species which are commonly found on banana, M. musae and M. minima , gave distinct RAPD banding patterns with all PCR primers tested. PCR, using primer RC07, amplified a 1250bp RAPD fragment from all isolates of M. fijiensis obtained from 11 geographical origins. This fragment was absent from the other species of Mycosphaerella. In Southern blots of genomic DNA, this band hybridized exclusively to DNA from M. fijiensis , and the pattern of hybridization suggested that it was binding to repeated DNA. A RAPD band amplified with primer PM06 obtained from M. musicola was also found to be species-specific. Southern analysis suggested that the fragment hybridized to a single-copy sequence in the M. musicola genome. Total genomic DNA from M. musicola was found to be a species-specific hybridization probe. Dot-blots confirmed the specificity of these probes, and could be used to identify isolates of Mycosphaerella which cause Sigatoka disease of banana in south-east Asia. 相似文献
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J. N. Kimunye E. Were F. Mussa A. Tazuba K. Jomanga A. Viljoen R. Swennen F. K. Muthoni G. Mahuku 《Plant pathology》2020,69(1):50-59
Sigatoka leaf diseases are a major constraint to banana production. A survey was conducted in Tanzania and Uganda to assess the distribution of Pseudocercospora species and severity of Sigatoka leaf diseases. Pseudocercospora species were identified using species-specific primers. Sigatoka-like leaf diseases were observed in all farms and on all cultivars, but disease severity varied significantly (P < 0.001) between countries, districts/regions within countries, altitudinal ranges and banana cultivars. In all regions except Kilimanjaro, P. fijiensis, the causal agent of black Sigatoka, was the only pathogen associated with Sigatoka disease. Mycosphaerella musae was associated with Sigatoka-like symptoms in Kilimanjaro region. Black Sigatoka disease was more severe in Uganda, with a mean disease severity index (DSI) of 37.5%, than in Tanzania (DSI = 19.9%). In Uganda, black Sigatoka disease was equally severe in Luwero district (mean DSI = 40.4%) and Mbarara district (mean DSI = 37.9%). In Tanzania, black Sigatoka was most severe in Kagera region (mean DSI = 29.2%) and least in Mbeya region (mean DSI = 11.5%). Pseudocercospora fijiensis, the most devastating sigatoka pathogen, was detected at altitudes of up to 1877 m a.s.l. This range expansion of P. fijiensis, previously confined to altitudes lower than 1350 m a.s.l. in East Africa, is of concern, especially for smallholder banana farmers growing the susceptible East African Highland bananas (EAHB). Among the banana varieties sampled, the EAHB, FHIA hybrids and Mchare were the most susceptible. Here, the loss of resistance in Yangambi KM5, a banana variety previously resistant to P. fijiensis, is reported for the first time. 相似文献
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Janet Kimunye Evans Were Rony Swennen Altus Viljoen George Mahuku 《Plant pathology》2021,70(7):1651-1664
Black Sigatoka, caused by Pseudocercospora fijiensis, is one of the most devastating diseases of banana. In commercial banana-growing systems, black Sigatoka is primarily managed by fungicides. This mode of disease management is not feasible for resource-limited smallholder farmers. Therefore, bananas resistant to P. fijiensis provide a practical solution for managing the disease, especially under smallholder farming systems. Most banana and plantain hybrids with resistance to P. fijiensis were developed using few sources of resistance, which include Calcutta 4 and Pisang Lilin. To broaden the pool of resistance sources to P. fijiensis, 95 banana accessions were evaluated under field conditions in Sendusu, Uganda. Eleven accessions were resistant to P. fijiensis. Black Sigatoka symptoms did not progress past Stage 2 (narrow brown streaks) in the diploid accessions Pahang (AA), Pisang KRA (AA), Malaccensis 0074 (AA), Long Tavoy (AA), M.A. Truncata (AA), Tani (BB), and Balbisiana (BB), a response similar to the resistant control Calcutta 4. These accessions are potential sources of P. fijiensis resistance and banana breeding programmes can use them to broaden the genetic base for resistance to P. fijiensis. 相似文献
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Single-copy restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers were used to determine the genetic structure of the global population of Mycosphaerella musicola , the cause of Sigatoka (yellow Sigatoka) disease of banana. The isolates of M. musicola examined were grouped into four geographic populations representing Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, Australia and Indonesia. Moderate levels of genetic diversity were observed for most of the populations ( H = 0·22–0·44). The greatest genetic diversity was found in the Indonesian population ( H = 0·44). Genotypic diversity was close to 50% in all populations. Population differentiation tests showed that the geographic populations of Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, Australia and Indonesia were genetically different populations. Using F ST tests, very high levels of genetic differentiation were detected between all the population pairs ( F ST > 0·40), with the exception of the Africa and Latin America-Caribbean population pair. These two populations differed by only 3% ( F ST = 0·03), and were significantly different ( P < 0·05) from all other population pairs. The high level of genetic diversity detected in Indonesia in comparison to the other populations provides some support for the theory that M. musicola originated in South-east Asia and that M. musicola populations in other regions were founded by isolates from the South-east Asian region. The results also suggest the migration of M. musicola between Africa and the Latin America-Caribbean region. 相似文献
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Abstract Several chemicals including the strobilurins (trifloxystrobin, azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin and DPX KZ 165), a plant activator (acibenzolar), the triazoles (propiconazole, tebuconazole, epoxiconazole, fenbuconazole and JAU 6475) and tridemorph, spiroxamine, pyrimethanil, fenarimol and various formulations of mancozeb were evaluated in three field experiments in northern Queensland, Australia for control of yellow Sigatoka of banana (caused by Mycosphaerella musicola). In all experiments, the strobilurins used alone or in spray programs with mancozeb and acibenzolar were as effective or better than the industry standards mancozeb and propiconazole. Acibenzolar used in spray programs with mancozeb significantly improved the control of Sigatoka compared to mancozeb alone. The triazoles, epoxiconazole, fenbuconazole and JAU 6476 used alone and tebuconazole in a spray program with mancozeb were as effective as the industry standard propiconazole. Tridemorph, pyrimethanil and spiroxamine were as effective as the industry standard mancozeb, and fenarimol failed to effectively control the disease. In 2004, trifloxystrobin, pyraclostrobin and epoxiconazole were registered for control of yellow Sigatoka of banana. 相似文献
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Single-copy restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers were used to determine the genetic structure of Mycosphaerella fijiensis , the cause of black leaf streak (black Sigatoka) disease of banana and plantain, in the Torres Strait, Papua New Guinea (PNG), and the Pacific Islands. A moderate level of genetic variation was observed in all populations with genotypic diversity values of 60–78% of the theoretical maximum, and gene diversity ( H ) values between 0·269 and 0·336. All populations were at gametic equilibrium, and with the high level of genotypic diversity observed this indicated that sexual reproduction has a major role in the genetic structure of the M. fijiensis populations examined. Population differentiation was tested on several hierarchical scales. No evidence of population differentiation was observed between sites on Mer Island. A moderate level of population differentiation was observed within the Torres Strait, between Badu and Mer Islands ( F ST = 0·097). On a regional scale, the greatest differentiation was found between the populations of the Torres Strait and the Pacific. Populations from these regions were more closely related to the PNG population than to each other, suggesting they were founded in separate events from the same population. 相似文献
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Aurivan Soares Freitas Edson Ampélio Pozza Silvino Intra Moreira Maria Gilmara de Oliveira Soares Humberson Rocha Silva Eduardo Alves 《Phytoparasitica》2017,45(3):317-324
Yellow Sigatoka that is caused by Pseudocercospora musae is an important banana disease. The aim of this study was to elucidate the infection process of P. musae in banana leaves by scanning electron microscopy. Leaf samples were inoculated on the abaxial surface with P. musae and then analysed at 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 h post inoculation (hpi) and at 36 and 50 days post inoculation (dpi). The conidia were found to be germinated between 24 and 36 hpi and penetrated through the stomata between 96 and 120 hpi, or more generally from 144 hpi. P. musae colonized the spongy parenchyma at 36 dpi and the palisade parenchyma at 50 dpi. Sporulation occurred at 50 dpi on the adaxial surface of leaves through the emergence of conidia on conidiophores through the stomata. Considering the importance of yellow Sigatoka in banana production, our results provide a better understanding of the life cycle of the fungus for treatment processes. 相似文献
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L. A. Walker 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(1):34-42
Abstract The properties of banana spray oils have been investigated by a number of researchers. The results of these investigations are reviewed in this paper, and include information on volatility (distillation range, flash point); flow characteristics (viscosity, pour point); other physical properties (specific gravity, colour, aniline point); and chemical properties (unsulphonated mineral residues, aromatics, paraffins and naphthenes). A comparison of distillation curves is of greater significance than comparison of individual boiling points. Such a comparison will show whether any one oil product is a homogeneous oil or a mixture of heavy and light oils. Disease control is closely related to volatility of the spray oil; the lower the volatility of the oil the better the disease control. Phytotoxicity (leaf-flecking) increases as the percentage volatility of the spray oil decreases. Oil volatility governs the amount of oil remaining on the leaf after application. The initial amount of oil applied to the leaf is of less significance in the fungistatic effect than is the amount of oil remaining on or in the leaf. From a viewpoint of Sigatoka disease control, flash points are of little significance, but must be considered from the viewpoint of safety in storage, transportation and use. As the viscosity of spray oils increases [in the range 35-100 Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS) at 100[ddot]F] disease incidence decreases and phytotoxicity increases on sprayed banana leaves. The naphthenic oils are superior to the paraffinic oils, particularly in the viscosity range of 75-85 SUS at 100[ddot]F, for spraying bananas. The performance of banana spray oils is related to the proportions of the major hydrocarbon groups (aromatics, naphthenes and paraffins) present in the oil. Properties such as specific gravity and aniline point are indicative of the proportions of the major hydrocarbon groups in a spray oil. Colour of mineral oils is of no significance in the control of Sigatoka disease. Light mineral oils with unsulphonated mineral residue (U.M.R.) in the range of 70-99.9 are equally effective in Sigatoka disease control regardless of U.M.R. However, the degree of leaf damage (phytotoxicity) is directly related to U.M.R. value. The oils of high U.M.R. cause the least damage. The aromatic fraction of four spray oils tested (heavy paraffinic, light paraffinic, heavy naphthenic and light naphthenic) caused abundant phytotoxicity at a deposit level of 3 US gal/ac. There was little or no phytotoxicity and no appreciable disease control at a deposit level of 1.5 US gal/ac. Paraffinic and naphthenic oils of comparable U.M.R. value (94-95%) and viscosity (74-75 SUS at 100[ddot]F) provide good disease control within the deposit range 1.4-2.1 US gal/ac. At these deposit levels the naphthenic oil causes only 20 and 50% respectively as much phytotoxic flecking as the paraffinic oil. Photosynthesis is inhibited by the application of petroleum oil to banana leaves. It is the opinion of the writer that a long-term trial (a minimum of two years) should be conducted to evaluate the effect of a comparable naphthenic and paraffinic oil on Sigatoka disease control and banana yield. 相似文献