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1.
1. HG and LG quail lines selected for high and low relative weight gain between 11 and 28 d of age (RG11-28), respectively, and an unselected C line were compared. Mature body weight of both selected lines was held at that of the C line. Progeny of generation 6 were used for analysis. 2. Divergent selection for RG11-28 brought about opposite changes in the growth rates shortly after hatching. 3. Parameters of the Richards function were used to describe the growth curve. The largest differences between HG and LG lines occurred in age (t+) and body weight (y+) at the inflection point of the growth curve (on average for both sexes 28% and 20%, respectively). For HG quail, the parameter t+ was 5 d later than that for LG quail (18.6 vs 14.1 d for males and 20.6 vs 15.6 d for females, respectively), and consequently the parameter y+ was greater (90.3 vs 84.0 g for males and 104.5 vs 96.1 g for females, respectively). The shape of the growth curve expressed by the y+/A ratio was substantialy different for HG and LG quail (44.8% vs 39.6% for males and 43.5% vs 36.8% for females, respectively). 4. The food/gain ratios for the fattening period (3 to 35 d of age) were 3.21, 3.47 and 3.34 for the HG, LG and C lines, respectively. The HG quail started to utilise food more efficiently than the LG quail as early as 10 to 14 d, that is, at the age when their relative growth rate first became greater. 5. The relative deviations of the HG and LG lines from the C line are discussed. 相似文献
2.
1. The onset of lay, quality of eggs during early lay and gonadal development of both sexes were analysed in meat-type lines of Japanese quail, HG and LG divergently selected for high and low relative weight gain between 11 and 28 d of age, respectively, and constant body weight (BW) at 49 d of age. 2. The LG line was sexually mature at an earlier age and lower BW than the HG line. This corresponded with the trend during embryonic and early postnatal development. 3. Analysis of gonads also confirmed earlier sexual development in the LG than in the HG line. In both lines, the growth of testes was detected about one week earlier than the growth of ovary. 4. Despite the different age and BW at onset of lay, HG and LG quail commenced lay at the same degree of maturity (about 90% of adult BW). This implied that the onset of sexual maturity could be identified as a point on the growth curve which terminates the linear phase. 5. When compared with the LG line, the HG line was characterised by a longer acceleration and shorter retardation phase of the growth curve. This difference is seen as an important determinant of line differences in growth and reproductive performance. 相似文献
3.
Z. Kankova A. Drozdova Z. Klobetzova M. Lichovnikova M. Zeman 《British poultry science》2019,60(6):700-707
ABSTRACT1. Selection strategies for broilers must balance rapid growth with the welfare and health of animals, strategies must deal with the trade-off with other vital functions.2. Divergent selection of Japanese quail for high (HG) and low (LG) relative body weight gain between 11 and 28 days of age has been conducted to accelerate linear phase growth without influencing the final adult body weight. Higher body growth rate is often connected with a weakened immune system. Therefore, the present study explored the immunological characterisation of quail from HG and LG lines, which differ substantially in their growth rate.3. The trial evaluated the maternal investment to immunologically active substances, cell-mediated immunity stimulated by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) injection and the acute phase of the immune response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration in three different phases of early postnatal growth.4. Except for higher lysozyme activity in the LG group when compared to the HG line, the maternal investment did not differ between the two lines. Plasma antibody concentrations responded quickly to any change in growth rate in both lines. Overall, it seems that initial rapid growth of the LG line had long-lasting effects on immune responsiveness, even after the growth rate of the HG line escalated during the linear phase of growth.5. The study indicated that changes in the growth rate caused by the selection for growth in meat-type Japanese quail can influence the acute phase of the immune response and development of the immune system. 相似文献
4.
Simon J Guillaumin S Chevalier B Derouet M Guy G Marche G Ricard FH Leclercq B 《British poultry science》2000,41(4):424-429
1. Selected Fat or Lean chickens differ in their plasma glucose insulin relationship: in the fed or fasted state, Fat chickens have a lower glycaemia associated with normal or higher insulinaemia, depending upon the difference in glycaemia. 2. Conversely, chickens selected for low fasting glycaemia (LG) are fattier than their counterparts selected for high fasting glycaemia (HG), although the divergence in fat content is lower than in the Fat-Lean model. 3. The plasma glucose insulin relationship has been investigated in males of the HG and LG lines in the F4 and F5 generations. 4. A difference in glycaemia is suggested during embryonic development and was present at hatching and later on in the fasted or the fed state; insulinaemia did not differ. 5. During refeeding after an overnight fast, glycaemia differed between lines (except at intermediate times); cumulative food intake and insulinaemia were similar. 6. During a glucose tolerance test, glucose disposal rate and insulinaemia were rather similar. 7. Exogenous insulin exerted a very similar hypoglycaemic effect in both lines. 8. Other variables (body temperature, plasma concentrations of potassium and alpha NH2-non protein nitrogen) did not differ between HG and LG chickens. 9. In conclusion, HG and LG chickens do not exhibit any differences in glucose disposal rate, insulinaemia (in various nutritional conditions) or sensitivity to exogenous insulin, which contrasts with Fat or Lean chickens and may explain why HG and LG chickens have diverged to a lesser extent in fat content. 相似文献
5.
1. Changes in embryonic development and growth were analysed in relation to direct changes in postnatal growth and correlated responses in egg parameters using Japanese quail lines selected for more than 30 generations for high (HG) and low (LG) relative gain of body weight (BW) between 11 and 28 d of age, and constant BW at 49 d of age.
2. During the first 42 h as well as at the end of incubation, LG embryos were developmentally accelerated in comparison with their HG counterparts. An expected increase of line divergence across generations was observed only in traits analysed at the end of incubation.
3. In contrast to early generations, LG embryos continuously exhibited a higher BW than HG embryos and this difference temporarily disappeared only around incubation d 8. Analogous to early generations, the HG compared with LG embryos showed two periods of transient growth retardation compensated subsequently by a higher growth rate (incubation d 3–8 and 8–16).
4. More pronounced growth retardation of HG versus LG embryos in late versus early generations corresponded to more distinct decrease of HG versus LG growth rate during the first post-hatch days. Likewise, a disappearance of line BW differences on incubation d 8 characterising the late generations corresponded to the elimination of line differences in adult BW.
5. Alterations of growth pattern were associated with changes of egg size. While HG quail maintained a relatively constant adult BW and egg size across generations, the gradually increasing incidence of large eggs in the LG line allowed selection of birds with higher growth potential, which in turn amplified the line differences in the embryonic BW and eliminated the line differences in adult BW. Line differences in egg composition (larger albumen with lower density in LG compared with HG eggs) apparently contributed to the strengthening of line developmental divergence during incubation.
6. Transient lack of nutrient supply to HG embryos due to their developmental delay is probably responsible for a higher HG versus LG embryo mortality. 相似文献
6.
Divergent selection for shape of growth curve in Japanese quail. 2. Embryonic development and growth
1. Embryonic growth and development were analysed using meat type lines of Japanese quail, HG and LG, divergently selected for shape of the growth curve. A total of 1020 embryos of generations 9, 10 or 13 were used for analysis. 2. Considerable inter-line differences were observed in the rate of embryonic development. When compared to HG, LG embryos appeared to be developmentally accelerated during the first 42 h of incubation (larger blastoderm diameter, more somites and higher frequency of more advanced Hamburger-Hamilton stages) as well as at the end of the prenatal period (more embryos with the yolk sac inside the body cavity, shorter incubation period). This corresponded with the trend in postnatal development. 3. Embryonic growth of both lines exhibited an exponential trend. However, considerable inter-line differences were noted in the rate of embryonic growth. Initial growth retardation compensated subsequently by a higher growth rate of HG vs LG quail, characterised the lines after hatching. The same growth pattern repeated three times during the prenatal period (between d 0 and 3, 3 and 8, and 8 and 16). 4. The repeated occurrence of transient decreases in growth rate of the developmentally delayed HG line could be associated with a delayed onset of genetically determined physiological functions mediating utilisation of nutrient supply. 5. Hence, different shapes of growth curves in two genotypes with similar growth potential reveal inter-line differences in physiological age persisting during the whole ontogenesis. 相似文献
7.
Two groups of 26 male and 26 female rats at the initial age 30 +/- 2 days were fed during 31 weeks on diets containing 20 percent of yellow lupin seeds having low (LG) or high (HG) gramine content. The animals were mated twice within nutritional groups, 1 male: 1 female, and their main reproductive parameters were recorded. In both reproductive cycles body weight of females at mating, after parturition and after 21-days lactation was lower in HG than in LG group. Fertility rate and body weight of neonates were not affected by the diet while number of neonates per litter tended to be lower by 0.7 and 0.8 pups in HG than in LG group. Body weight of weaners was also substantially smaller in dams fed on HG than LG diet. Relative weight of spleen but not of liver, kidney and heart was significantly greater in HG females. Four weeks old males and females issued from the first litters born to LG and HG animals (ten males and ten females per treatment) were fed individually on respective diets during 3 weeks. Feed intake and growth rate did not differ between the treatments. In males relative weight of liver and testicles was greater, while hematocrit and red blood count were lower in HG than in LG group. In females organ weights did not differ. Activity of liver enzymes determined in males was not affected by the diet. It may be concluded that high-gramine lupin affects negatively lactational performance, probably via lower feed intake, but it does not induce apparent teratogenic effects in the progeny. 相似文献
8.
1. Hatching time, hatchability of fertile eggs and embryo mortality under standard egg storage (1 or 5 days at 12?±?1°C and 55% relative humidity) and incubation conditions (37·5?±?0·2°C and 50% relative humidity) were analysed in lines long-term selected for high (HG) and low (LG) relative weight gain between 11 and 28?d of age, respectively, and constant body weight at 49?d of age. 2. Egg storage duration did not have an effect on average hatching time. LG quail, characterised by a fast postnatal growth rate immediately after hatching, hatched earlier than HG quail with a low early growth rate (about 391 vs. 406?h after egg setting, respectively). 3. In contrast to hatching time, the hatchability of fertile eggs was influenced by line as well as egg storage duration. Extended storage decreased hatching success in both lines. However, LG eggs exhibited a higher hatchability than HG eggs (1?d storage: 96·0 vs. 82·5%; 5?d storage: 88·7 vs. 72·7%, respectively). 4. Lower hatchability resulted mostly from a higher frequency of embryo death during early (up to d 7) and late (d 14 and later) phases of incubation. 5. An inadequate nutrient supply to embryos in consequence of developmental delay seems to be a key factor decreasing viability of embryos during incubation. 相似文献
9.
F. Burke M.A. O''Donovan J.J. Murphy F.P. O''Mara F.J. Mulligan 《Livestock Science》2008,114(2-3):325-335
Sixty cows (40 multiparous and 20 primiparous) averaging 140 days in milk (DIM) were assigned to five treatments to evaluate the effect of pasture allowance and supplements of a) maize silage b) high crude protein concentrate and, c) low crude protein concentrate on milk production and nitrogen (N) excretion. Two of the treatments (HG and LG) were offered herbage only (allowances of 20 and 15 kg dry matter (DM) per cow/day, respectively) while the remaining three treatments were offered a herbage allowance of 15 kg DM per cow/day plus 4 kg DM per cow/day of maize silage (M), a high CP concentrate (CP concentration of 194 g/kg DM) (HC), or citrus pulp (CP concentration of 69 g/kg DM) (LC). Total DM intake (DMI) was similar for HG, M, HC, and LC but was lower for LG (15.2 kg DM per cow/day) than HC (17.4 kg DM per cow/day). The reduction in pasture DMI per kg of supplement DM ingested was 0.44, 0.45, and 0.54 kg for cows offered maize silage, high CP concentrate, and low CP concentrate, respectively. Milk yield was greater for the supplemented treatments (23.7–24.7 kg/day) than for LG (20.7 kg/day) but not for HG (23.2 kg/day). Milk fat concentration was greater for HC (35.3 g/kg) than for HG, M, and LC but not greater than LG, while milk protein concentration was greater for HG (34.8 g/kg) than for LG and HC but not greater than M and LC. The greatest levels of N and PDIN intake were recorded for HG (662 and 2502 g/day) and HC (654 and 2506 g/day) which were greater than LC but not greater than LG and M. Treatment HC recorded the highest PDIE intake (1743 g/day) which was greater than LG, M and LC but not greater than HG. Output of N in milk was greater on HC (134 g/day) than on LG but was not greater than on HG, M, and LC. Faecal N excretion was greater on HG (171 g/day) than on all other treatments while estimated urinary N excretion was greater on HG and HC than LC (320 g/day). Treatment LC had a higher proportion of N output in milk (0.23) than treatment LG but not higher than HG, M and HC treatments. Urinary N expressed as a proportion of total N excretion was lower for HG (0.68) than all other treatments. The results of this study show that there is a large response in milk production to supplementing cows on a restricted grass allowance and that cows offered low CP supplements had similar levels of production to those offered high CP supplements. Nitrogen utilisation was improved by offering supplements of lower CP content. 相似文献
10.
放牧对典型草原土壤有机碳及全氮的影响 总被引：20，自引：6，他引：14
以内蒙古锡林河流域羊草Leymus chinensis典型草原作为研究对象,研究不同放牧强度及放牧制度下,土壤有机碳、全氮的含量差异,结果表明:1)土壤有机碳含量大体表现为常年放牧地高于混合放牧地,且差异明显。常年放牧地表现为轻牧重牧中牧围封未放牧地,混合放牧地除"轻牧+割草"与"中牧+割草"在20~30 cm土层深度表现出显著差异以外,各个放牧强度间差异均不显著。土壤有机碳含量随着土层深度的增加而降低。2)土壤全氮在不同的放牧梯度间及不同土层深度间的变化趋势与土壤有机碳大体相同,趋势表现为轻牧重牧中牧围封未放牧地,而混合放牧地的变化趋势比较复杂,相比较常年放牧地,混合放牧地的全氮含量要低。全氮含量随着土层深度的增加而降低。研究结果表明重牧下有机碳含量要高于中牧,这可能是由于随着放牧强度的增加,草原植被C4植物增多而引起的。 相似文献
11.
J A Fitzgerald 《Journal of animal science》1984,59(2):460-469
To examine the effect of diet on luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, basal and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH)-induced LH release was compared in intact or castrated-estradiol-17 beta implanted Finn-Dorset lambs. Ten to 12 wk old ram (n = 20) and ewe lambs (n = 20) were maintained under a 8L:16D photoperiod and fed for high (HG, 163 to 168 g/d) or low (LG, 76 to 103 g/d) rates of gain. Eight to 10 wk later, baseline LH concentrations were determined in blood samples collected at 20 min intervals for 7 h. The following day, lambs were given an iv injection of 5 micrograms of estradiol-17 beta followed within 4 h by LHRH (.5 or 2.5 micrograms). Baseline concentrations of LH for HG ewes were threefold greater than for LG ewes (4.2 vs 1.4 ng/ml), respectively. Time to peak response was inversely related to dietary energy level (P less than .025). Basal LH levels were similar across diets in rams. Total LH release following LHRH was dose-dependent (P less than .005). Effects of gonadal feedback were tested in a second group (n = 24) of castrated lambs. Changes in LH secretion were not different between diets within 3 to 4 wk after castration. A subcutaneous silastic implant (22 mm) of estradiol-17 beta inhibited (P less than .01) LH concentrations across diets in both ewes and rams. No differences in estradiol feedback on LH secretion (at the dose of steroid tested) were detected between HG and LG lambs. Within 8 d, however, basal LH concentrations were 60% lower (P less than .01) in HG vs LG ewes. Furthermore, peak LHRH-induced LH release was greater (P less than .025) in LG vs HG lambs of both sexes. Estradiol inhibited basal LH secretion in ewes and rams but facilitated LH release in lambs with a reduced rate of gain. 相似文献
12.
放牧强度对晋北盐碱化草地植物经济类群的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过在晋北盐碱化草地设置不放牧（CK）、轻度放牧(LG)、中度放牧(MG)、重度放牧(HG)和极度放牧(EG)5个放牧强度研究该草地群落物种类群的变化,为确定草地合理的载畜量和放牧利用奠定基础。研究表明,随着放牧强度的增大,禾本科类群比例减小,CK与其他4个放牧强度之间差异显著（P＜0.05）;豆科类群比例呈增大的趋势,但各放牧强度之间差异不显著（P＞0.05）;菊科类群比例减小,EG与其他4个放牧强度之间差异显著（P＜0.05）;委陵菜属比例增大,CK和LG之间差异显著（P＜0.05）;杂草类群减小,CK与LG、HG、EG之间差异显著（P＜0.05）。随着放牧强度的增大,草地中禾本科类群、豆科类群和菊科类群的质量指数减小,委陵菜属和杂草类的质量指数增大。 相似文献
13.
14.
1. Changes in the relative weights of carcase, abdominal fat, breast and leg muscles, and plasma thyroid hormone concentrations occurring during the first 6 weeks of postnatal growth were analysed in males of HG and LG lines divergently selected for high and low relative body weight (BW) gain between 11 and 28 d of age, respectively, and constant adult BW. 2. The second week of postnatal life was a critical age at which the HG males exhibited a relatively faster growth in comparison to their LG counterparts and permanently exceeded LG males in the percentage by weight of carcase, breast and leg muscle. A higher production of muscle tissues was associated with lower accumulation of abdominal fat before sexual maturity. 3. In general, the plasma T(3) level of HG quail exceeded that of LG quail. Nevertheless, significant differences were found only at 14, 21 and 28 d of age, that is, in the period during which the highest inter-line differences in relative growth rate were noted. Also the T(3)/T(4) ratio followed a similar trend while plasma T(4) level showed no clear and consistent inter-line differences. 4. The results suggest that the selection for the shape of the growth curve, like the selection for body fat, modifies the carcase quality owing to shortening/prolongation of the acceleration growth phase. Individuals with a short acceleration phase of the growth curve are characterised by low carcase quality during the fattening period. 相似文献
15.
高寒沼泽湿地土壤湿度对放牧强度的响应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在青藏高原隆宝滩高寒沼泽湿地进行不同放牧强度试验,应用统计学成对数据的t检验方法,定性研究围栏封育（EN）、轻度放牧（LG）、中度放牧（MG）、重度放牧（HG）、自由放牧（GU）5种放牧处理对不同深度土壤湿度的影响差异。结果表明：随着牧压强度的增加,影响湿地土壤水分含量的显著性也增强。EN和LG、MG处理对土壤水分含量的影响各个层次都不显著;HG对LG和MG的差异随深度的增加而减弱; GU和HG处理的影响最为显著,从土壤表层到50 cm深度,均表现为LG>GU、MG>GU、HG>GU、EN>GU和EN>HG、LG>HG。自由放牧和重度放牧加大土壤水分的蒸散,导致湿地土壤水分含量降低,加速湿地退化。合理有序的放牧活动是减少湿地土壤水分蒸发,减缓湿地退化的有效手段。 相似文献
16.
B Pastuszewska S Smulikowska J Wasilewko L Buraczewska A Ochtabińska A Mieczkowska R Lechowski W Bielecki 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》2001,55(1):1-16
The effects of feeding varied levels of low- and high-gramine yellow lupin seeds (LG and HG, respectively), and of synthetic gramine added to the diets in amounts ranging from 0.15 to 1.2 g per kg were investigated in one experiment on growing chicken and in two experiments on growing rats. The comparison of LG and HG lupin and the effect of 0.5 g gramine per kg of LG diet were determined in a growth-balance experiment with pigs. Organ weights and histology, blood parameters and activity of liver enzymes were determined. The response to HG lupin and gramine concentration varied among the species, the rats being more affected than chicken; no adverse effects of HG lupin or gramine were found in growing pigs. The common reaction of rats and chicken to the high levels of gramine (native or synthetic) was the decrease of feed intake and body gain. The increase of the relative weight of liver or kidney, changes in hematological parameters and liver enzymes were found only in rats. The estimated NOAEL (no-observed-adverse-effect level) of gramine was about 0.3 g/kg diet for rats, 0.65 g for chicken and at least 0.5 g for growing pigs. 相似文献
17.
本研究旨在探讨青贮杂交构树对肉羊生长性能、血清生化指标、免疫指标、肉品质及肌肉氨基酸和脂肪酸组成的影响。选用健康、体重（24.2±0.65） kg相近的杜泊×湖羊F1代公羔36只,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复3只。对照组（CG）饲喂基础饲粮,试验组（LG、MG、HG）在基础饲粮中分别添加6%、12%和18%的青贮杂交构树。试验期为90 d,其中预试期10 d,正试期80 d。结果表明：1）饲粮中添加不同比例的青贮杂交构树后,试验羊末重、平均日增重差异均不显著（P>0.05）。2）MG和HG组血清中免疫球蛋白G、免疫球蛋白A和免疫球蛋白M含量显著高于CG组（P<0.05）;LG、MG和HG组血清中尿素氮含量显著低于CG组（P<0.05）。3）MG和HG组背最长肌粗蛋白质和熟肉率显著高于CG组（P<0.05）,粗脂肪、胆固醇、剪切力、失水率显著低于CG组（P<0.05）;各组间pH、滴水损失、肉色、大理石纹、脂肪色差异不显著（P>0.05）。4）MG组背最长肌中必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸、总氨基酸含量和必需氨基酸/总氨基酸显著高于CG、LG和HG组（P<0.05）,鲜味氨基酸/总氨基酸显著高于CG组（P<0.05）;MG组背最长肌必需氨基酸中缬氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸和精氨酸含量显著高于CG、LG和HG组（P<0.05）。5）LG、MG和HG组肌肉中饱和脂肪酸含量均显著低于CG组（P<0.05）,而多不饱和脂肪酸含量均显著高于CG组（P<0.05）;MG组亚油酸、α-亚麻酸、花生四烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸和二十碳五烯酸的含量显著高于CG组（P<0.05）。综上,饲粮中添加青贮杂交构树对肉羊生长性能无显著影响,但能提高肉羊免疫力,同时改善肌肉营养成分、肉品质、氨基酸和脂肪酸的组成,且以添加12%效果最佳。 相似文献
18.
放牧强度对土壤物理性状和速效养分的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在东北三江平原放牧季6月中旬～9月中旬,设置3个放牧强度即轻度(0.87头牛/hm2),中度(1.42头牛/hm2)和重度(1.94头牛/hm2),以不放牧作为对照,观测不同放牧强度对小叶章草地土壤物理性状和速效养分变化的影响。2010年放牧结果表明:放牧对土壤浅层物理性状产生影响,对土壤深层性状影响微弱。重度放牧强度下土壤含水量0～10cm最低,为42.84%,并与其他放牧处理产生差异(P<0.05);放牧对土壤容重的影响主要体现在0～5cm的土层,与对照相比放牧处理对土壤容重略有增加趋势,放牧对土壤深层容重不能产生显著影响(P>0.05);家畜对土壤有夯实作用,土壤孔隙度随放牧强度增加而降低,重度放牧土壤孔隙度最低,与对照相比降10.8%并与其产生显著差异(P<0.05)。放牧对土壤速效养分的影响表现在,重度放牧降低0～10cm的土层速效氮含量,其他放牧强度对小叶章草地土壤速效氮的影响微弱,各放牧处理间差异不显著(P>0.05);不同放牧强度与对照相比对速效磷含量影响微弱;土壤速效钾含量随放牧强度增加而降低,轻度、中度、重度分别较对照下降1.72%,3.8%和8.2%,但差异不显著(P>0.05),表明放牧对小叶章草地土壤速效养分含量影响微弱。 相似文献
19.
为探讨不同放牧强度对高寒草甸土壤物理性状的影响,设重度放牧(HG)、中度放牧(MG)和轻度放牧(LG)3个放牧强度样地,调查放牧样地表层土壤(0~10cm)的土壤容重、孔隙度、土壤饱和含水量、田间持水量、有效含水量并土壤持水和入渗性能。结果表明,LG和MG的初始含水量、毛管持水量与非毛管持水量均显著高于HG,LG的土壤饱和含水量和田间持水量均显著高于HG,但3个放牧强度间土壤容重、孔隙性状、土壤有效含水量和非毛管持水量均无显著变化;入渗曲线高低为LGMGHG,用模型模拟曲线,拟合精度为Horton模型通用经验模型Philip模型Kastiakov模型;初始入渗率、平均入渗率、稳定入渗率和90min入渗总量均表现为LG显著高于HG;土壤入渗性能均与土壤初始含水量、总孔隙度、非毛孔隙度、通气孔隙度、饱和含水量、田间持水量、有效含水量、非毛管持水量、毛管持水量、最大持水量显著正相关,与土壤容重显著负相关,与毛管孔隙度相关性不显著,但初始入渗率与初始含水量、田间持水量、有效含水量及毛管持水量无显著相关性。回归分析表明,土壤通气孔隙度和有效含水量是影响入渗率的限制因子。短期轻度放牧有利于土壤持水和导水,降低土壤物理结构退化风险;Horton模型适用于该区放牧草地入渗过程的模拟。 相似文献
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放牧强度对土壤水分影响的对应分析 《畜牧与饲料科学》2015,36(8):1-1
为了解不同放牧利用强度对荒漠草原土壤水分含量的影响,采用随机区组设计,研究轻度（LG）、中度（MG）、重度（HG）放牧对短花针茅荒漠草原土壤水分含量的影响。不同放牧强度的载畜率分别为O．93（LG）、1．82（MG）、2．71（HG）sheep／（hm^2half year）,放牧羊只数分别为4、8、12只,放牧期为6个月／年。采用对应分析法比较不同放牧强度下近地表层0～10cm、10～20cm、20～30cm土壤的水分含量。结果表明,不同放牧梯度条件下,土壤含水量总体变化规律为LG〉CK〉MG〉HG．不同土层土壤含水量总体变化规律为0~10cm〉20-30cm〉10-20cm。各放牧强度对总特征值贡献率大小趋势为CK〉MG〉HG〉LG。随着放牧强度的增加,土壤含水量差异明显且呈梯度下降趋势。0-10cm土层土壤含水量受放牧强度的影响最大,其次为10～20cm和20～30cm土层． 相似文献