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1.
不同玉米杂交品种吐丝持续期特性及其对播期的响应   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
吐丝期是决定玉米产量的关键时期,研究其相关特性,对玉米生产意义重大。为准确分析不同玉米品种吐丝特性的差异及其对播期的响应,于2014年和2015年设置了3个玉米主推品种(郑单958、先玉335和京科968)的3个播期处理(早播:4月10日,中播:5月10日,晚播:6月10日),分析了各个处理间吐丝持续期的差异以及吐丝持续期与雌穗穗长变异及产量构成因素的关系。结果表明:(1)群体吐丝持续期在品种间存在显著差异,表现为先玉335 (9.12 d)郑单958 (8.94 d)京科968 (7.68 d)。随时间推进,玉米每天吐丝的比例与天数为先升高后降低的二次函数关系,每天最大吐丝比例为先玉335 (16.51%)郑单958 (17.07%)京科968 (19.98%)。京科968较郑单958和先玉335呈现吐丝集中,每天吐丝比例较高、吐丝持续期短的特点;(2)吐丝持续期在不同播期间差异显著,郑单958、先玉335和京科968不同播期间的吐丝持续期变幅分别为8.10～9.55 d、7.54～10.53 d和6.65～8.66 d,郑单958的吐丝持续期在不同播期间最稳定(CV=6.57%),其次为京科968 (CV=9.40%),先玉335的吐丝持续期在不同播期间的变化最不稳定(CV=11.68%);(3)吐丝持续期与雌穗穗长的变异系数呈显著正相关,与产量和穗粒数呈显著负相关,与千粒重不相关。播期对玉米吐丝持续期具有显著的调控作用。随吐丝持续期增加,玉米雌穗穗长的变异系数显著增大,群体果穗的整齐度降低,穗粒数显著减少,是玉米产量显著降低的主要原因。  相似文献   

2.
水分胁迫对棉花幼苗水分利用和光合特性的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
以转基因棉花品种农大棉8号和鲁棉研28号为材料进行盆栽试验,设置正常处理(CK)、轻度胁迫(LS)、中度胁迫(MS)、重度胁迫(SS)和极度胁迫(ES)5个水分处理。结果表明:随着水分胁迫程度的加重,棉花幼苗的生长受到明显的抑制,2个品种的叶片相对含水率、叶水势、净光合速率(Pn)、光能利用率(LUE)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ光化学量子效率(φPSⅡ)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)呈下降趋势;气孔限制值(Ls)、水分利用率(WUE)和非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)呈上升趋势。两品种的Pn和NPQ的MS、SS和ES与CK相比差异显著,不同测定时期各胁迫处理的平均Pn比CK分别下降了11.5%、18.1%、32.1%和38.1%;平均NPQ比CK上升了24.1%、50.9%、79.4%和145.1%。表明棉花幼苗期持续轻度水分胁迫对叶片光合能力无显著影响,但高于中度的持续水分胁迫会造成叶片光合能力下降和光抑制加重。  相似文献   

3.
以京农科728（JNK728）和郑单958（ZD958）为材料,设置6月6日（SD1）、6月11日（SD2）、6月16日（SD3）、6月20日（SD4）和6月26日（SD5）5个播期,研究播期对雨养夏玉米产量形成及资源利用效率的影响。结果表明,随播期推迟,雨养夏玉米灌浆期和总生育期逐渐延长;2个品种平均叶面积指数（LAI）和干物质积累总量（DM）均呈先升高后降低的趋势,在SD2和SD3播期吐丝期LAI最高,SD2吐丝期DM显著高于SD1、SD4和SD5处理,SD2和SD3处理收获期DM显著高于SD4和SD5处理。随播期的推迟,雨养夏玉米穗粒数和行粒数先升高后降低,穗行数逐渐减少,千粒重逐渐升高,2个品种平均产量在SD2和SD3最高,分别为9.84×103和9.51×103kg/hm2,SD5最低,仅为8.04×103kg/hm2,SD5比SD1~SD4产量分别降低9.53%、22.44%、18.36%和15.00%;JNK728比ZD958增产9.19%。灌浆期和全生育期内温度和光辐射量与穗粒数呈显著正相关,但抑制了籽粒灌浆,与千粒重呈负相关,因此雨养夏玉米产量随灌浆期和全生育期内温度升高和光辐射量增加而提高。SD1~SD4光能和降水生产效率比SD5分别提高4.9%~17.6%和13.6%~26.8%,SD2~SD5积温生产效率比SD1提高2.8%~13.3%。综上所述,播期可调控雨养夏玉米的生长发育进程、LAI、干物质积累与分配以及产量,提高资源利用效率,华北平原雨养夏玉米选用抗旱性强品种（JNK728）在6月11日-15日播种,产量可以突破9.5×103kg/hm2。  相似文献   

4.
干旱胁迫是限制华北地区春玉米穗粒数形成的关键因子,探究不同时期灌溉对穗粒数的影响,对提高该地区春玉米产量和水分利用效率具有重要意义。在2014—2016年进行3年大田试验,设置拔节期、大口期、抽雄期、吐丝后15 d灌水和不灌水对照(CK),明确不同时期灌水对土壤水分变化、吐丝期穗位叶光合速率、穗粒数的影响及其相互关系。结果表明,在干旱和关键生育时期缺水的年份,灌水处理可以提高春玉米穗粒数,其中花期灌水较其他处理提高了1.4%~97.0%(2014年和2015年);而在多雨的2016年,各个灌水处理间穗粒数差异不显著。拔节期和大口期灌水促进了春玉米营养生长,提高了叶面积指数和生物量,但春玉米花期遭遇干旱胁迫仍会降低穗粒数。花期灌水处理在营养生长阶段受干旱胁迫影响,叶面积指数和生物量都降低,但保证了吐丝—授粉—籽粒建成关键阶段有充足的水分供应,其吐丝期光合速率较其他处理提高5.2%~32.8%。回归分析结果表明,吐丝期充足的土壤水含量可以显著提高春玉米光合速率(P=0.0034)和穗粒数(P=0.0137),但过多降水(降低光辐射)会影响光合作用及籽粒结实。因此,花期灌水是干旱年份保证春玉米穗粒数的重要措施。  相似文献   

5.
Nitrogen (N) is one of the main nutrients that drive rice grain yield and is intensely managed especially in lowlands under irrigated conditions. A set of experiments was conducted in mid- and high-altitude sites in Rwanda to investigate the response of five genotypes under different sowing dates and different N management. Genotype grain yields were higher and more stable at mid-altitude across sowing dates. N rates strongly affected grain yield at mid-altitude (p < .0001), but not at high altitude. Postponing basal N had positive effects on yield and yield components in both sites, with more pronounced effects at high altitude. Increasing N rate beyond 120 kg/ha led to a decrease in percentage of panicles per tiller and spikelet fertility and a decrease in grain yield due to excessive tillers at both high altitude and mid-altitude. Thus, basal N application should be recommended at high altitude and the increase in N rate up to 120 kg/ha at mid-altitude. A strict observation of recommended planting date should be followed at high altitude, and the use of cold-tolerant genotypes is encouraged.  相似文献   

6.
Peas (Pisum sativum L.) are exposed to waterlogging at germination when grown as relay in rice‐based cropping. Ninety‐one germplasm accessions were evaluated in relay (sown in waterlogged soil), and subsequently 10 diverse genotypes compared under relay and sole cropping (conventional tillage sowing) over two seasons in Bangladesh. Contrasting genotypes, BM‐3, NL‐2 and Kaspa, were further evaluated in three waterlogging treatments (drained control, 4 and 8 days waterlogging) in the glasshouse. Conspicuous variation in waterlogging tolerance at germination was observed in the field and confirmed under controlled conditions. In relay sowing in 2011, emergence of a few genotypes was affected by waterlogging. In 2012, emergence in relay was severely affected (12 plants/m2) compared to sole sowing (37 plants/m2). Among genotypes BM‐3 had 6 plants/m2 emerge, which all subsequently died, in contrast to NL‐2 in which emergence was 13 plants/m2 with all plants surviving. In the glasshouse, there was 14% emergence in BM‐3, 40% in NL‐2 and 55% in Kaspa after 8 days of waterlogging. Such marked differences in waterlogging tolerance at germination in the model pea are the first reported and illustrate prospects for selection to improve adaptation to relay sowing in South Asia.  相似文献   

7.
四川盆地东南部气象因子对杂交中稻产量的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为了探明四川盆地东南部气象因子对杂交中稻产量的影响, 并提出相应的丰产技术对策。2015年和2016年, 以2个杂交中稻品种II优602和旌优127为材料, 在5个播种期和高氮低密与低氮高密2种栽培方式下, 研究了四川盆地东南部气象因子对杂交中稻产量的影响。结果表明, 随着播种期推迟, 平均全生育期从148.13 d逐渐缩短到123.25 d, 缩短了14.77%; 气象因子对水稻全生育期的影响主要在营养生长期, 生殖生长期受其影响较小。年度间、栽培方式间、品种间稻谷产量差异均不显著; 随着播种期推迟, 稻谷产量呈下降趋势, 从3月5日的8507.76 kg hm-2下降到5月24日的6251.01 kg hm-2, 降低了26.53%。播种-移栽、移栽-拔节、营养生长的日数和全生育期日数分别与穗粒数和产量呈极显著正相关。气象因子对产量的影响在不同年份和不同品种间的表现不一致: 优质稻旌优127 2015年的结实率、千粒重和产量分别与齐穗-成熟的日平均气温呈极显著正相关, 分别与拔节-齐穗的日照时数呈显著负相关; 2016年的穗粒数、产量分别与播种—移栽日最高气温、移栽—拔节的日平均气温呈极显著负相关。高产品种II优602, 2015年的有效穗、千粒重和产量分别与移栽—拔节的降雨量呈显著或极显著负相关, 2016年的穗粒数和产量分别与移栽-拔节的日最高气温呈显著或极显著负相关, 结实率、千粒重和产量分别与拔节-齐穗的日平均相对湿度呈显著正相关。生产上一季中稻模式的最佳播种期在3月5日至3月25日, 而中稻-再生稻模式则在3月5日至3月25日期间尽可能早播, 以利于提高再生稻安全齐穗保证率。  相似文献   

8.
Through field studies, cotton responses to dual stresses – waterlogging and low light (shade) were investigated. The hypothesis was that shade would amplify yield losses in waterlogged (WL) cotton. Either early or late in the reproductive phase, the crop was WL (96 h and 120 h, in 2012–2013 and 2013–2014, respectively) and/or shaded (6 days or 9 days in 2012–2013 and 2013–2014, respectively). Waterlogging at early reproductive phase significantly reduced lint yield (17 % averaged across both years) of cotton, although shade‐induced yield losses (18 %) were only significant in 2013–2014. Shade significantly exacerbated yield losses only when the impact of waterlogging damage was modest (2013–2014). More intense waterlogging impaired lint yield independently of the light levels. Yield reductions in these experiments were the consequence of both accelerated fruit abscission and fewer fruiting nodes produced. Plants had lower leaf nitrogen levels and photosynthetic rates after waterlogging and/or shade treatments and produced fewer fruiting nodes. Although long‐term shade increased specific leaf area (30 %) and leaf N (20 %) immediately following 5 days of waterlogging, it did not restore shoot growth, node formation or lint yield because of suppressed photosynthetic performance (area basis) and carbohydrate supply.  相似文献   

9.
不同播期和播种量对冬小麦生长特征和产量的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
王欣  王才 《作物杂志》2021,37(6):182-520
为研究播期和播种量对冬小麦生长和产量的影响,设置3个播期和3个播种量,研究小麦干物质积累转运、叶面积和群体光能截获以及产量的变化特征。结果表明,随播期的推迟,干物质积累量降低,每推迟1个播期,干物质积累降低0.13~0.37t/hm2,花前干物质转运量随播期的推迟呈降低趋势,随播种量增加而增加。花后光合同化物积累量则随播期的推迟呈先升高后降低的趋势,随播种量的增加逐渐降低。光能利用率随播期推迟和播种量增加均呈先增加后减小的趋势。在10月4日播种,播种量160kg/hm2时,花后干物质同化物较多,光能利用率达到最大值,2年平均产量达到最大值,为8257.84kg/hm2,是适合当地的播期和播种量种植组合。  相似文献   

10.
Soya bean yield gap can be caused by different factors resulting in uncertainties when the objective is to use such information for farm decision‐making and reference yield determination. Thus, this study aimed to quantify the soya bean yield gap for four sites, located in Southern and Midwestern Brazil, as well as the uncertainties of that related to cultivars, sowing dates, soil types and reference yields. The crop simulation model DSSAT‐CSM‐CROPGRO‐Soybean was calibrated for cultivars with similar maturity groups, based on the data obtained from the best farmers at the county level. The yield gap by water deficit (YGWD) was obtained through the difference between potential and attainable yields, and that one caused by sub‐optimum crop management (YGCM) by subtracting actual yield of each county, obtained from official statistics between 1989/90 and 2014/15 growing seasons, from the estimated attainable yield. The yield was simulated using four sowing dates, three soil types and two soya bean maturity groups by county. The reference yield uncertainty was quantified using yield reference from crop model and regional winners of the soya bean yield context, conducted by CESB (Brazilian Soybean Strategic Committee), for the growing seasons from 2013/14 to 2015/16. The crop model showed a good agreement between measured and simulated crop development and growth using calibration by maturity group, with low root mean square error (347 kg/ha). Southern sites had a mean YGWD of 1,047 kg/ha, while in the Midwest, it was lower than 100 kg/ha. The YGCM was 1,067, 528, 984 and 848 kg/ha, respectively, for Castro, PR, Mamborê, PR, Montividiu, GO and Primavera do Leste, MT, representing the opportunity for yield gain when having the best farmers as reference. The maturity groups, sowing dates and soil types showed to be an important source of uncertainty for yield gap determination, being recommended to investigate the farms in detail for an appropriate quantification. The reference yield showed expressive uncertainties, with some farmers presenting conditions to increase their soya bean yields by more than 3,000 kg/ha, when considering as reference the yields obtained by the winners’ farmers. These results show that uncertainties must be reduced when assessing farm yield gaps, in order to ensure that expected rate of soya bean yield growth could be reached by adopting the same technologies from CESB winners and best farmers in the county as a reference.  相似文献   

11.
Peanut or groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) sown in early spring often has poor seed germination and seedling development. The influence of soil temperature on seedling emergence and early growth of six peanut cultivars (Florida MDR98, Southern Runner, Georgia Green, SunOleic 97R, Florunner and C‐99R) was studied in natural field soil profiles in temperature‐gradient greenhouses. We evaluated the influence of a range of soil temperatures by sowing at eight dates between January 2001 and May 2002 in Gainesville, Florida. On each sowing date, two additional temperature treatments (ambient and ambient +4.5 °C air temperature) were evaluated by sowing on either end of each greenhouse and applying differential heating. In total, 16 different soil temperature treatments were evaluated. Each treatment was replicated four times in four different greenhouses. Mean soil temperature from sowing to final emergence in different treatments ranged from 15 to 32 °C. Sowing date, temperature treatment and cultivar had significant effect on seedling emergence and development (V2 stage). For all cultivars, the lowest germination was observed at the earliest sowing date (coolest soil temperature). Among cultivars, Florida MDR98 was the most sensitive to reduced (cool) temperature with the lowest germination and smallest seedling size at 21 days after sowing, followed by Southern Runner. Georgia Green was the most cold‐tolerant with the highest germination, followed by SunOleic 97R. There were no significant differences among cultivars for base temperature, which averaged 11.7 and 9.8 °C for rate of emergence and rate of development to V2 stage respectively. These results imply that cultivar choice and/or genetic improvement of peanut for cold tolerance during emergence and seedling development in regions where cooler soil temperatures persist and/or regions where early sowing is desirable.  相似文献   

12.
为探讨不同播期对鲜食玉米果穗特性及经济效益的影响,以水果玉米品种‘超甜1号’为材料,调查不同播期（5月8日、5月18日、5月28日及6月7日,分别用B1、B2、B3、B4处理表示）下鲜食玉米的农艺性状、叶绿素SPAD值、吐丝期光合特性、穗部特征以及经济效益。结果表明：鲜食玉米的株高表现为B1>B3>B2>B4,而茎粗则以5月18日以后播种的较粗。各播期下的玉米叶片叶绿素SPAD值在采摘期内均呈先增加后降低的变化趋势,但在吐丝至采摘阶段表现为B3>B1>B2>B4。不同播期的鲜食玉米在吐丝期穗位叶的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)均表现为B3>B2>B1>B4,而胞间CO2浓度(Ci)表现趋势正好相反。鲜食玉米的穗行数、穗粒数、穗长和穗粗均表现为B3>B2>B1>B4。从经济效益来看,以B1处理最高,为3.59万元/hm2。  相似文献   

13.
Oat (Avena sativa L.) is one of the most important forage crops in the Southern Great Plains of the United States. However, it is more sensitive to cold stress than other small grains. In this study, diverse oat germplasm was evaluated for winter survival across multiple years and locations in the region. Field screening started with an observation trial of 1,861 diverse genotypes in the 2012–2013 season and was followed by four seasons of replicated trials from 2013 to 2017. Selection of good winter survivors was started in 2014–2015 season. All trials were laid out in randomized complete blocks with replications of two in 2013–2014 and 2014–2015, four in 2015–2016, and three in 2016–2017. Winter survival was scored in a 1‐to‐9 scale. Data were analysed for each year and location separately. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis were carried out on combined data of 35 genotypes that were commonly grown in each year and location. Highly significant (p < 0.001) variations were observed among genotypes, environments and genotype‐by‐environment interaction (GEI). The first three interaction principal components (IPCs) were highly significant (p < 0.001), explaining 96% of GEI. Broad sense heritability ranged from 46% to 93%, while heritability for all environments combined was relatively low (24.6%). At the end of the two cycles (2014/2015‐to‐2016/2017) of selection, mean winter survival was improved by more than 38% per cycle compared with the base population mean. Genotypes CIav 4390, CIav 6909 and CIav 7618 showed significantly higher winter survival than the standard checks Okay and Dallas. Genotypes CIav 4390 showed 20% and 35% improvement over the standard checks Okay and Dallas, respectively. Winter survival improvement in oat will remain a difficult task because of high GEI and low heritability. The identified superior genotypes will be used as crossing parents to transfer cold tolerance genes to other elite lines.  相似文献   

14.
Discovering the key genes responsible for deep‐sowing germination is very meaningful to cultivate maize varieties with strong germination ability in soil. In this study, ZmMYB59 gene whose functions remain unknown was successfully cloned. Subcellular localization showed that ZmMYB59 was localized in the nucleus. By analysing cis‐acting elements of its promoter sequence, many elements of MYB binding domain responsive to hormones (particularly gibberellin, GA) were found. On this basis, ZmMYB59 expression in different sowing depths, germination stages, tissues and treatments was analysed by real‐time PCR. ZmMYB59 expression levels in embryos or seedlings were significantly decreased with the increase in sowing depth at 2 days or 4 days after sowing (DAS). Further analysis showed that its expression in mesocotyls was also significantly downregulated with the increase in sowing depth at both 6 DAS and 8 DAS. Similarly, seed soaking with 10‐5 M GA3 inhibited ZmMYB59 expression in mesocotyls at 3 DAS. These results suggest that ZmMYB59 may play a negative regulatory role in seed germination in deep soil and the regulation is involved in GA signalling pathway.  相似文献   

15.
This study simulated the economic and environmental performance of three types of wheat sown into soils with three initial N contents and using ten different fertiliser management strategies. The Agricultural Productions Systems Simulator (APSIM) was used to model crop yields for which gross margins were estimated and a Bayesian Network used to estimate environmental risk. Based on economic and environmental considerations, it would appear that for low N soils more than 10 kg N/ha is needed at sowing. For soils with medium to high N, short and medium season wheat varieties need only 10 kg N/ha, while long season varieties require >10 kg N/ha, at sowing. Additional N fertiliser can be applied after sowing to maximise gross margins, taking into account potential crop yield and seasonal conditions. Interestingly, the study suggests that where farmers increase their gross margins they are improving their environmental performance. This is counter intuitive as it implies N fertiliser applications can lessen N exports. This results from the enhanced water uptake by the crop outweighing the adverse effects of increased N availability. It would appear that flexible cropping systems that maximise crop potential with minimum sowing N, maximise both economic and environmental performance.  相似文献   

16.
《Soil Technology》1994,7(3):197-208
The long growing season of the southeastern Coastal Plains allows planting of a second crop after spring-planted maize (Zea mays L.). Second crops have been shown to reduce erosion and prevent leaching of nutrients and pesticides. Maize grown with a second annual crop might also have a yield advantage over mono-cultured maize. Seven tillage/cropping systems were compared. They included disking for weed control, disking for seedbed preparation, or no disking. Double-cropped treatments included sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), soybean (Glycine max. L.), a cover crop [crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.)] or no double crop. Double-cropped soybean yields did not respond to irrigation. They averaged 0.63 Mg/ha over 4 years. This is less than half of the local non-double-cropped yields. Sunflower yields averaged 0.89 Mg/ha, also less than non-double-cropped yields (1.0–2.5 Mg/ha). The best continous maize yields (7–8 Mg/ha) were from treatments with disking in some phase of the operation. Treatments with lower maize yields generally had higher plant nutrient contents. Double-cropped maize yields significantly (P<0.10) outyielded mono-cropped maize yields in two of the three years. In 1984, a dry year, the minimum tillage treatment had lower tensiometer readings than the conventionally tilled treatment.  相似文献   

17.
Yield is influenced by the length of the growing season, which is affected by weather conditions and management practices of a crop, including sowing dates and shifting of cultivars. It is necessary to understand the effects of agronomic management practices and weather variables on phenological stages and crop phases in order to develop strategies for adaptation of agricultural systems to changes in climatic conditions. The goal of this study was to determine the impact of warming trends on phenology of canola from 1980 to 2014 for central and southern Punjab, Pakistan. Sowing, emergence, anthesis and physiological maturity dates were delayed by an average of 6.02, 3.14, 3.31 and 1.89 days per decade, respectively. The duration of sowing to anthesis, sowing to physiological maturity and anthesis to physiological maturity phases decreased an average 2.71, 4.13 and 1.42 days per decade, respectively, for all 10 locations that were analysed in this study. The sowing, emergence, anthesis and physiological maturity dates were positively correlated with an increase in temperature by an average 2.71, 1.41, 1.49 and 0.85 days per °C, respectively. However, the phenological phases such as sowing to anthesis, anthesis to maturity and sowing to maturity were negatively correlated with an increase in temperature by an average of 1.22, 0.64 and 1.86 days per °C, respectively, for all 10 locations. Applying a process‐based CSM‐CROPGRO‐Canola model using a standard cultivar (field tested) for all locations and years indicated that the simulated phenological stages occurred earlier due to the warming trend compared to the observed phenological stages. One‐quarter of the negative effects of this thermal trend was compensated by growing new cultivars that had higher thermal time requirements. Therefore, new canola genotypes with a higher number of growing degree day requirement and high temperature tolerance should be a priority for evolving new cultivars.  相似文献   

18.
以油用向日葵T562为供试材料,采用二因素裂区设计,研究了5个播期（4月25日、5月2日、5月9日、5月16日及5月23日）和4个种植密度（3.75×104、4.50×104、5.25×104、6.00×104株/hm2）条件下向日葵干物质转运及产量变化。结果表明：随着播期的推迟,向日葵各生育期均缩短,播期对向日葵出苗至开花阶段影响较大,对开花至成熟阶段影响较小。成熟期植株干物质积累量在不同密度下的均值依次为4.50×104>3.75×104>6.00×104>5.25×104株/hm2。随种植密度的增加单盘粒重逐渐降低,产量逐渐增加。籽仁率在播期5月16日、密度5.25×104株/hm2处理下达最大,为74.09%;百粒重及产量在播期5月2日、密度6.00×104株/hm2处理下达最大,分别为8.76g、6859.00kg/hm2;单盘粒重在播期5月23日、密度3.75×104株/hm2处理下达到最大,为138.14g。  相似文献   

19.
旨在为玉米的高产栽培提供理论支撑。采用分期播种法,利用试验数据,建立28个生长模型（方程均通过0.01的极显著检验）,将玉米灌浆期百粒干重、百粒体积随灌浆日数增加的时段分为三阶段,即渐增期、快增期和缓增期。适时播种的玉米吐丝后百粒体积、百粒干重增加进入渐增期,终止日分别为吐丝后的6天和20天,此后进入快速增长期,时间分别为22天和18天;其后到籽粒体积和干重增加进入缓慢增长期。适时播种的玉米百粒干重增加逐渐增长期为吐丝后活动积温区间0~502.4℃·d,增幅0.014 g/℃·d;快速增长期为吐丝后活动积温区间502.4~938.4℃·d,增幅0.049 g/℃·d;缓慢增长期为吐丝后活动积温区间938.4~1355.1℃·d,增幅0.018 g/℃·d。  相似文献   

20.
石羊河流域灌溉春玉米发育期对气候变化的响应   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
本文基于甘肃省武威农业气象试验站1981—2016年灌溉春玉米发育期观测数据,研究了石羊河流域灌溉春玉米发育期对气候变化的响应,以期为气候变暖背景下石羊河流域农业种植结构、品种调整及提高热量资源利用率等提供参考依据。采用趋势变率、秩相关分析和主成分分析等方法,分析了1981—2016年石羊河流域灌溉春玉米发育期对气候变化的响应规律。结果表明:1981—2016年灌溉春玉米播种期、乳熟期和成熟期有延后趋势,拔节期和抽雄期有提前趋势。灌溉春玉米播种期到抽雄期日数减少,抽雄期到成熟期日数增加,全生育期日数减少。1981—2008年大多数年份播种期早于适宜播种期（≥10℃活动积温初日）,2009—2016年播种期均在适宜播种期之后,成熟期绝大多数年份在初霜日之前。1981—2016年对石羊河流域灌溉春玉米影响最大的气象要素为气温,主成分分析结果显示,≥10℃活动积温初日提前、温度生长期日数增加、作物生长期的平均气温、最高气温和最低气温对生育期日数的影响比作物生长期的日照时数更显著。全球变暖背景下,石羊河流域灌溉春玉米发育期变化是作物响应气候变化和适应农业生产的共同结果。  相似文献   

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