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1.
Body shape variation in two species of darters (Etheostoma,Percidae) and its relation to the environment 
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下载免费PDF全文 Environmental variation can shape phenotypic variation in organisms, but most evidence for trait differentiation comes from analyses of dichotomous habitat types that differ in only one or few key environmental factors. In reality, environmental variation is often more subtle, gradual and multifarious. Here, we investigated geographic variation in body shape of two darter species (Etheostoma spectabile and Etheostoma flabellare; Percidae) that occur along river gradients. This study addressed three specific questions: Is there intraspecific geographic variation in the two species across different sites in the Ozark Highlands of Oklahoma (USA)? Is phenotypic variation across sites correlated with abiotic environmental conditions? Do the two species share site‐specific (i.e. convergent) phenotypic variation in areas where they occur together? Our results indicated significant body shape variation in both species. Population differences in body shape were particularly correlated with variation in substrate composition. The combined analysis of both species indicated a small but significant effect of convergence on body shape wherever they are sympatric; shared variation, however, was not related to any environmental variables included in the analysis. While it remains unclear whether phenotypic variation in these species is due to heritable differentiation or environmentally induced plasticity, our results indicate that even subtle and gradual environmental variation can induce substantial variation in phenotypes on a relatively small spatial scale. 相似文献
2.
进一步开展叶尔羌高原鳅(Triplophysa yarkandensis)不同地理群体分类判别、探明耳石与鱼类生活史的相关机制,本研究基于耳石形态学和鱼类生态学方法,对叶尔羌河、和田河和塔里木河的734尾叶尔羌高原鳅耳石与鱼体的形态指标进行了统计分析。结果显示,叶尔羌高原鳅耳石较小,左右微耳石形态无显著差异(P>0.05);叶尔羌高原鳅耳石形态指标与体长、体质量呈对数函数关系,R2范围在0.48~0.62;采用鱼体形态学、耳石形态测量法和椭圆傅里叶分析法分别对两两群体进行判别分析,和田河群体与塔里木河群体判别准确率分别为96.0%、61.4%和82.2%,叶尔羌河群体与和田河群体判别准确率分别为93.0%、79.5%和87.9%,叶尔羌河群体与塔里木河群体判别准确率分别为96.5%、77.5%和86.8%。叶尔羌高原鳅耳石形态与鱼体生长的关系极大程度地反映了其个体发育对栖息环境的适应性,且不同地理群体叶尔羌高原鳅耳石形态特征存在显著差异(P<0.05)。本研究将耳石形态学首次应用于叶尔羌高原鳅种群的鉴别分析,为进一步开展高原鳅属进化分类提供参考,为高原渔业种质资源保护提供了科学依据。 相似文献
3.
为探明相邻海域凤鲚（Coilia mystus）群体间的差异性,分别采集江苏吕四（吕四群体）、上海崇明（崇明群体）、浙江舟山（舟山群体）和浙江温州（温州群体）邻近海域的凤鲚共240尾。以凤鲚矢耳石为研究对象,利用耳石测量法和耳石框架法获得21个测量参数,通过公式转化为20个形态指标数据,并进行多元统计分析。非参数检验显示4个群体间14个形态指标具有显著性差异（P<0.05）;应用主成分分析构建了7个反映耳石形态特征的主成分,累计贡献率为81.79%,结果显示不同群体耳石的整体形态相似,各群体间的耳石形态差异主要体现在局部的框架形态指标;利用贡献率最大的9个形态指标构建了4个群体的判别方程,温州群体的判别准确率最高,为96.7%,其次是崇明群体（66.7%）、吕四群体（60.0%）和舟山群体（58.3%）;聚类分析表明崇明和舟山群体距离最近,其次为吕四群体,与温州群体距离最远。结果表明,崇明、舟山和吕四群体间矢耳石形态差异较小,而温州群体与这3个群体的差异最大,可单独确立为一个生态群体。可见,短距离洄游性凤鲚不同群体间耳石形态差异大小与群体地理阻隔程度相关。 相似文献
4.
. Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., parr and smolts from three Norwegian rivers were examined with respect to whether or not they had been released from a hatchery. The hatchery background was known for some released fish and could be ascertained for others from their aberrant body morphology and eroded fins. Fish released after one winter in a hatchery had opaque otoliths like the fish examined from two hatcheries. Naturally produced fish showed a distinct, seasonal growth pattern in the otoliths, alternating between opaque summer zones and hyaline winter zones. Fish released as fry showed an otolith pattern similar to that of naturally produced fish. A test revealed little discrepancy between two independent otolith readings even though the test reading was conducted without any information about the fish accompanying the otoliths. The results suggest that examination of otoliths may help distinguish between juveniles that are hatchery-reared and juveniles that are naturally produced in the river, provided that the hatchery-reared fish have a 1-year history in the hatchery prior to release. 相似文献
5.
F. Morat S. Betoulle M. Robert A.F. Thailly S. Biagianti‐Risbourg R. Lecomte‐Finiger 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2008,17(4):617-627
Abstract – Otoliths preserve a continuous record of the life cycle from the natal through the adult stage. For that reason, the morphological and chemical characteristics of otoliths of two nonnative Salmonids, brown trout (Salmo trutta) and brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) from populations on the Kerguelen Islands were compared. Several approaches were used to study the relationships between otolith morphometry, crystal morph and chemical elemental composition. These salmonids sampled in Kerguelen are well differentiated in terms of species through their otolith shape. The results indicate that ecotypes and river populations can be reasonably well differentiated on the basis of otolith shape. The crystallisation study has revealed the presence of a particular form: the vaterite, present at a high rate: 45% of S. fontinalis and 18% from Salmo trutta fario. Moreover, vaterite and aragonite otoliths presented differences in chemical composition. 相似文献
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Site fidelity and movements of an amphidromous goby revealed by otolith multi‐elemental signatures along a tropical watershed 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Nils Teichert Helene Tabouret Raphaël Lagarde Henri Grondin Dominique Ponton Christophe Pécheyran Gilles Bareille 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2018,27(3):834-846
Otolith microchemistry can provide crucial information to address gaps of knowledge in spatio‐temporal ecology of fish species. However, understanding the seasonal variability of water chemistry and its effect on otolith signatures is needed to interpret fish movements. Otolith multi‐elemental signatures were used to examine the diadromous migration and small‐scale movements of a tropical goby (Sicyopterus lagocephalus) within a watershed in La Réunion Island, Indian Ocean. The elemental ratios Sr:Ca, Ba:Ca and Sr:Ba recorded monthly in the water of nine sampling sites varied between localities and were correlated with otolith signatures, whereas the Mg:Ca signature was not. The incorporation of some trace elements in otoliths was influenced by the size of fish and site where they were caught, reflecting an effect of endogenous and exogenous factors. Despite these sources of variation, the elemental signatures did not overlap for three river sections distributed along the 26‐km‐long watershed. The diadromous migration and fish lifetime movements between these river sections were reconstructed using an original process based on random forest analysis. This approach revealed distinct migratory behaviours after fish entered in the river, with some individuals progressing slowly in the watershed whereas other rapidly reached the upper localities. As adults, S. lagocephalus showed a restricted exploratory behaviour and a strong site fidelity to a particular part of the watershed. The detection of adult movement was typically only between adjacent locations and is possibly explained by shifts in local intraspecific hierarchies and/or displacement during extreme discharge caused by cyclones. 相似文献
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9.
Satoshi Suyama Kazuhiro Oshima Masayasu Nakagami Atsushi Kawabata 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(2):223-233
We evaluated the seasonal changes in otolith and somatic growth of age-0 Pacific saury Cololabis saira in 223 fish collected between June and November 2002. We calculated the age in days of each individual by measuring otolith
growth increments under a scanning electron microscope. The age was correlated with body length and otolith radius. We also
observed seasonal changes in the rate of increase in body length and otolith radius and in the pattern of otolith growth.
Until August, both body length and otolith radius increased with age. Thereafter, the otolith radius continued to increase,
whereas the rate of somatic growth decreased. As a result, the ratio of otolith radius to body length increased. After August,
the percentage of otoliths with unreadable increments on their edge increased due to the formation of hyaline zones. Otoliths
grew both radially and in thickness until July, but gradually stopped growing in thickness after August. Beginning in October,
more than 80% of otoliths only grew radially. After August, the otolith not only continued growing but the morphological growth
pattern also changed. 相似文献
10.
Morphological and free amino acid profile variability,as a tool for stock identification among farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss of different origin 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Petros V Martsikalis Menelaos Kavouras Georgios A Gkafas Apostolos P Apostolidis Ioannis S Boziaris Athanasios Exadactylos 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(2):621-630
As a tool for stock identification the body morphology and the free amino acid (FAA) profile variability were determined among farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792) from different geographical areas throughout Greece, using geometric morphometrics and Reversed Phase‐High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography. Significant intraspecific body shape variation was detected among the fish stocks of different origin. Canonical Variate Analysis distinguished populations into two groups being consistent to a great extent with a previous population genetics study. General linear models did not support an association of haplotypes and diet with shape. However, shape was significantly correlated with origin, water temperature, geological‐chemical‐climatic zones, histidine and arginine. Therefore, morphological variation was primarily driven by environmentally induced differences among these zones being the result of phenotypic plasticity. Environmental cues and rearing conditions played the pivotal role in comparison to broodstock origin. Specimens presented different FAA profiles depending on their geographical origin. Principal Component Analysis showed a division between eastern and western Greece which might be owed to the existence of climatic fluctuations affecting the abiotic factors. This combined approach offers an important tool for stock identification thus assisting environmental risk assessments in evaluation of potential ecological effects and fostering research excellence in sustainable aquaculture management. 相似文献
11.
Long‐whiskered catfish, Sperata aor (Hamilton 1822), is commercially important in food, ornamental and sport fisheries. The fish is mainly caught from the wild populations because its aquaculture practices are not commercialised. Inland fishery in the Ganga basin is mostly unorganised; hence, no published report is available on the trend of S. aor production from the selected habitat. In India, S. aor has been categorised vulnerable mainly due to natural and anthropogenic threats. Otolith chemistry shows variation with changing physico‐chemical conditions of the fish habitat. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the objective to analyse spatio‐temporal variations in water chemistry in relation to environmental factors; relationship between water and otolith chemistry; and spatio‐temporal variations in otolith chemistry to discriminate the stocks of S. aor inhabiting the River Ganga. Most of the element: Ca ratios in water samples did not show significant correlations with environmental factors, viz. temperature and conductivity. Only few element: Ca concentrations in otoliths were positively correlated to their corresponding ratios in the ambient water. In the selected study area, the S. aor populations were discriminated into four stocks possibly because of heterogeneous water chemistry at the sampling sites, and physical barriers. In the present study, otolith chemistry showed relatively low temporal variability as compared to spatial variability; thus, the classification accuracy of individuals to their original populations remained consistent over the selected time period. The findings could be useful in devising scientifically sound management strategies and/or any conservation plans for the vulnerable S. aor populations inhabiting the River Ganga. 相似文献
12.
Otolith elemental characteristics of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) from brackish waters of the Gulf of Bothnia,Baltic Sea 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Henry Hägerstrand Mikael Himberg Erkki Jokikokko Mikael von Numers Lucyna Mrówczyńska Anti Vasemägi Tom Wiklund Jan‐Olof Lill 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2017,26(1):66-74
To investigate whether European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) groups in the brackish (≤7%) Gulf of Bothnia (Baltic Sea) express specific otolith elemental characteristics, concentrations of elements (Ca, Ba, Sr, Zn, Mn, Fe) in whole otoliths were studied by inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometry. Whitefish (N = 67) were sampled from six different latitudinal sites; four in the sea and two in rivers along the west coast of Finland, and from a fresh water lake for comparison. The concentration of several elements showed significant differences among sampling sites. Otolith Ba concentrations were higher at the northern sampling sites compared to the southern ones, thereby showing negative association to capture‐habitat salinity. In contrast, otolith Sr and Zn concentrations were lower at the northern sampling sites, thereby associating positively to capture‐habitat salinity. Otolith Mn concentrations did not associate with latitude or salinity but markedly varied between sampling sites. Elevated Fe concentrations occurred in fish otoliths from the two northernmost sites. Ca concentrations were at the same levels in otoliths from all whitefish samples. Otoliths of whitefish from the lake had very high Ba and low Sr concentrations compared to concentrations in otoliths from whitefish in the sea and rivers. Our results show that otolith elemental characteristics of whitefish vary considerably at various geographic scales showing high potential for population identification using elemental fingerprints. Analysis of otolith elemental characteristics may therefore provide an efficient tool for the identification of main areas of residence, spawning locations, and migration routes, thus contributing towards the sustainable management of whitefish stocks. 相似文献
13.
基于椭圆傅里叶变换的鱼类矢耳石和听沟形态识别 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解鱼类矢耳石和听沟的形态特征,根据2014年3-5月采自我国南海东沙群岛海域103尾圆鲹属鱼类(长体圆鲹Decapterus macrosoma、泰勃圆鲹D.tabl、无斑圆鲹D.kurroides)的矢耳石,进行椭圆傅里叶变换分析。耳石整体形态和听沟形态轮廓经图像处理后解析为椭圆傅里叶描述子,并对耳石整体形态轮廓和听沟形态轮廓重建得到20个谐次。从圆鲹属鱼类的耳石整体形态和听沟形态轮廓分别提取77个椭圆傅里叶描述子系数来进行主成分分析和判别分析。耳石整体形态主成分分析显示,第1主成分和第2主成分分别解释了总变异的41.3%和12.4%;而听沟形态的第1主成分和第2主成分分别解释了总变异的33.8%和30.1%。3种圆鲹属鱼类耳石整体形态的交互检验判别分析成功率为100%、95.7%、100%,听沟形态的交互检验判别分析成功率为96.4%、95.7%、95.8%。研究结果表明,椭圆傅里叶变换分析对圆鲹属鱼类耳石整体形态和听沟形态识别效果显著。 相似文献
14.
Bernadette Bounket Hélène Tabouret Pierre Gibert Gilles Bareille Christophe Pecheyran Georges Carrel Christine Argillier Fabien Morat 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(10):2772-2787
- In the context of the River Rhône restoration programme, the objective of this study was to assess the dispersal and population connectivity of the European chub, Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) in a section of the natural, free-flowing part of the lower River Rhône.
- The elemental water signatures for Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca were measured at seven stations within the river section, including its tributaries and backwaters, to determine whether they could be differentiated by microchemistry. From August to October the signatures differed among three sectors of the study reach: the Rhône; the Ardèche; and the backwaters.
- The elemental signatures of the otoliths of 178 young-of-the-year (YOY) chub from the stations were measured to assess spawning areas and identify early migratory life histories. Analyses of otolith microchemistry identified the natal origin of 95% of the fish. Sr:Ca signatures of otoliths showed early downstream migration for 30.4% of the YOY chub; however, 70% of the fish recruited relatively close to their spawning origin suggesting a potential inshore retention of fish.
- The results showed (i) a non-negligible contribution of the tributaries and backwaters in the recruitment of fish into the main channel; and (ii) the ability of chub to migrate over several kilometres during their first few months of life.
- This study shows that the combination of water and otolith microchemistry analyses of fish growth increases the understanding of fish life history. Moreover, the study revealed that half of the YOY fish from this river section came from the tributaries and the other half came from reproduction in the River Rhône (despite its high anthropization).
- These methods offer promising future applications of otolith microchemistry for river management in the context of ecological rehabilitation, especially to assess the effectiveness of measures applied in the restoration of floodplain connectivity for riverine fish population conservation.
15.
利用2010年2月～2012年5月从江苏启东、福建东山、海南海口、广东湛江和台湾沿海海域采集到的192 ind多鳞四指马(鱼友)(Eleutheronema rhadinum)标本,取3对耳石,并以矢耳石长、宽、重、长宽比、面积、周长、矩形趋近率、成形系数、密度等指标为基本形态学参数,研究多鳞四指马(鱼友)的耳石形态特征。结果显示,多鳞四指马(鱼友)矢耳石都有基叶和翼叶,中央听沟明显,前缘开阔,后缘窄且闭合。矢耳石的大小和形状随个体生长变化明显,叉长较短的样品,耳石呈瓜子状,边缘规则;叉长较长的样品,矢耳石呈狭长叶片状,边缘有较多波浪形突起。矢耳石形态特征比较显示:多鳞四指马(鱼友)矢耳石在形态上更接近鲈形目鱼类耳石形态,这支持将多鳞四指马(鱼友)归为鲈形目鱼类。矢耳石平均密度为0.80 mg·mm-3,平均矩形趋近率为0.70,成形系数为0.58,耳石长是叉长的2.82%～3.42%,重量占体重的0.06‰～0.59‰。矢耳石度量指标的变异系数均小于其叉长、体重的变异系数,矢耳石形态的稳定性高于其身体形态的稳定性。多鳞四指马(鱼友)矢耳石长、宽、重、长宽比与叉长呈显著相关,耳石长与宽符合幂函数关系。密度、矩形趋近率、成形系数、耳石长占叉长比、耳石重占体重比等参数可以作为表征参数,来衡量多鳞四指马(鱼友)的形态特征。 相似文献
16.
通过光镜、扫描电镜及透射电镜技术,研究了怒江裂腹鱼(Schizothorax nukiangensis)鳃的组织结构和超微结构。结果表明,怒江裂腹鱼鳃基本结构与其他硬骨鱼相似,均由鳃耙、鳃弓、鳃丝以及鳃小片构成,且各部分具有不同的组织结构和细胞类型。扁平上皮细胞覆盖于整个鳃表面,其表面的纹路主要有3种类型,在鳃上不同的部位具有不同的结构和功能。线粒体密集细胞主要分布于鳃小片基部,仅有一种细胞类型,顶端膜内凹呈浅滩型,细胞内具有大量圆形的线粒体。怒江裂腹鱼鳃内扁平上皮细胞和线粒体密集细胞的形态结构与其在急流中游泳和摄食活动等生活习性相适应。本研究结果丰富了怒江裂腹鱼的基础生物学资料,并为阐明鱼类鳃的结构特征与其生活习性之间的关系提供参考。 相似文献
17.
To apply otolith microstructure to examination of age and growth of juvenile chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta inhabiting coastal waters, formation of otolith increments was investigated for juveniles reared in a seawater aquarium and
in net pens. In all otoliths examined, a distinctive check was formed at the time of sea entry of the fish. The deposition
of otolith increments after the check was daily for rearing both in the aquarium (57 days) and in the net pens (26 days).
Check formation associated with sea entry was also observed in otoliths of juvenile salmon collected 1 km off the coast of
Shari, Hokkaido, Japan. Transmitted light observation of otoliths of those fish revealed a transition in otolith increment
appearance from dark to light. Otolith Sr: Ca ratio remarkably changed from a low to a high level, coinciding with the transition
in otolith appearance. It is suggested that the transition was associated with individual sea entry. This study demonstrated
that the check and/or transition associated with sea entry are applicable to a benchmark for otolith increment counts of juvenile
chum salmon inhabiting coastal waters. 相似文献
18.
This study investigated otolith shape, elemental chemistry of otolith cores (first 1-3 months of life), and stable isotope ratios (δ18O and δ13C) of whole otoliths as indicators of stock structure among three important southern Australian blue grenadier Macruronus novaezelandiae fishery regions; west Tasmania - WTAS, east Bass Strait - EBS, and Great Australian Bight - GAB. Comparisons were confined to two dominant cohorts of age 4+ and 13+ years, spawned in winter 2002 and 1993 respectively. Otolith shape varied significantly between the WTAS and GAB regions for the age 4+ cohort only. Cu:Ca of otolith cores was significantly higher for both cohorts from WTAS than EBS and GAB, and Ba:Ca of otolith cores higher for WTAS and EBS than the GAB region. Stable isotopic signatures showed greater variation among regions for the age 13+ cohort. In particular, otoliths of age 13+ fish from WTAS displayed significantly higher δ18O (indicative of lower temperature history) than age 4+ fish from all regions, and the same age fish from the GAB and EBS regions. δ18O of blue grenadier otoliths accurately predicted water temperature at their main capture depths of 400-600 m. Chemistry of otolith cores combined with whole otolith isotope ratios discriminated GAB and EBS samples from those collected on the known WTAS spawning ground with moderate to high (64-86%) accuracy. The results provide support for the hypotheses that the GAB fishery is based on a separate stock for management purposes, and that the EBS fishery is likely replenished both from local spawning and the major WTAS spawning region. 相似文献
19.
Bryan A. Black Mary E. Matta Thomas E. Helser Thomas K. Wilderbuer 《Fisheries Oceanography》2013,22(6):523-532
Dendrochronology (tree‐ring analysis) techniques have been increasingly applied to generate biochronologies from the otolith growth‐increment widths of marine and freshwater fish species. These time series strongly relate to instrumental climate records and are presumed to reflect interannual variability in mean fish condition or size. However, the relationship of these otolith chronologies to fish somatic growth has not been well described. Here, this issue was addressed using yellowfin sole (Limanda aspera) in the eastern Bering Sea, for which a 43‐yr otolith chronology was developed from 47 otoliths and compared with body size for 6943 individuals collected in 1987, 1994, and 1999 through 2006. Among several metrics of size normalized for age and sex, average body mass index (defined as weight/length) had the strongest relationship to the otolith chronology, especially when the chronology was averaged over the 5 yr preceding fish capture date (R2 = 0.88; P < 0.001). Overall, sample‐wide anomalies in otolith growth reflected sample‐wide anomalies in body size. These findings suggest that otolith chronologies could be used as proxies of body size in data‐poor regions or to hind‐cast somatic growth patterns prior to the start of fisheries sampling programs. 相似文献
20.
Tetsuro Shiraishi Kumiko Okamoto Michio Yoneda Takeshi Sakai Seiji Ohshimo Shizumasa Onoe Akihiko Yamaguchi Michiya Matsuyama 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(5):947-954
The age and growth of chub mackerel Scomber japonicus collected from the East China Sea and the northern waters off Kyushu between June 2000 and June 2001 were determined by observing
the otolith surface after dipping it in xylene. The translucent and opaque zones on the otolith surface were identified, and
the number of translucent zones was counted. Monthly changes in the frequency of fish with translucent zones on the otolith
margin, and in the marginal increments, indicated that the translucent zones were formed between April and June. The seasonal
pattern of annulus formation on the otolith became clear by observing the otoliths of fish with known ages, and the otolith
formation in wild fish was consistent with that of fish with known ages. The mean gonadosomatic index of male and female fish
was high from March to May, and spawning females were observed from mid-March to mid-May. The estimated ages were 1–5 years
for males and 1–6 years for females. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters did not significantly differ between male and female.
The model was obtained as FL
t=406×{1−exp[−0.372×(t+1.68)] 相似文献