共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 314 毫秒
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采用亚有限型品种辽豆16和有限型品种辽豆17,研究了应用S·B技术处理种子、在4叶期进行掐尖等处理对不同结荚习性大豆品种农艺性状与产量的影响.结果表明:"S·B"种子处理对不同结荚习性大豆品种的农艺性状、产量性状以及经济系数影响不显著.掐尖处理对不同结荚习性大豆品种农艺性状、经济产量和生物产量的影响较大,且作用方向不同.掐尖处理可减少亚有限型品种辽豆16经济产量5.3%,增加生物产量9.1%;增加有限型品种辽豆17经济产量10.6%、生物产量36.6%."S·B"+ 掐尖处理共同作用于辽豆16和辽豆17时,掐尖处理是主要影响因子,"S·B"处理所起作用甚微. 相似文献
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大豆种子分级播种对田间保苗及产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以绥农14大豆为材料,对经机械精选分级产生的4级大豆种子进行室内测定和田间试验,旨在为大豆分级播种技术的应用提供依据.结果表明:P1(大粒)的发芽率低、田间损失率低, P4(小粒)与之相反;不同级别种子田间保苗率不同,P2(较大粒)与P4、 P6(较大粒与中粒混合)与P4之间存在极显著差异,P1与P4、P3(中粒)与P4间的差异也达到了显著水平,P2处理的田间保苗率最高.各处理间株高、茎粗差异不显著,结荚高度、主茎节数、结荚节数及分枝数间达到显著或极显著差异.P2、P3无论是单独播种,还是混合播种(P6)产量均较未分级的种子(P5)有所提高, P6较P5增产14.21%,4个级别种子的加权产量较P5增产27.80%, P2、P3的加权产量比P6增产19.44%,比P5增产34.41%.结果证明大豆种子分级播种是一项简单、经济、适用的技术. 相似文献
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麦/玉/豆轮作制度下不同施肥措施对大豆产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在麦/玉/豆轮作制度下,通过在不同年份改变施肥量,研究前茬作物的肥料残效和不同施肥措施对大豆产量和农艺性状的影响.结果表明:麦/玉/豆轮作与大豆连作相比具有显著的增产效果.各处理平均株高较连作处理增加25.6%,单株荚数增加90.2%,单株粒数增加158.2%,茎粗增加10.5%.不同施肥水平间产量差异极显著.同样在轮作制度下,年际问调整化肥施用量,可以获得较好的作物产量. 相似文献
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通过不同施肥处理,研究对掐尖大豆根瘤等生理指标的影响,结果表明：不同施肥处理对大豆的根瘤数有一定的影响,且处理间差异都达到了显著或极显著水平,而对初花期（R1）和盛花期（R2）调查的叶绿素含量、植株鲜重、干重、根系鲜重等生理指标影响效果不明显。 相似文献
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不同作物茬口与施肥对连作大豆产量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用2因素有重复完全随机试验,研究苜蓿、玉米和大豆3种茬口与施肥对连作大豆产量的影响.3 a的试验结果表明:苜蓿茬口上连作3 a的大豆产量都显著或极显著高于玉米和大豆茬口上相应连作年份的大豆产量;不同年份,施肥对不同作物茬口上连作大豆的产量影响效果不同;在每公顷施二铵180 kg、尿素45 kg、氯化钾45 kg(C2)肥量以下时,各茬口连作大豆产量与相应茬口不施肥处理连作大豆产量间差异不显著;即使苜蓿茬口上不施肥,其连作1、2、3 a大豆产量也高于所有玉米茬与施肥水平组合的对应年份连作大豆产量,而全部显著或极显著高于大豆茬与各施肥水平组合的对应年份连作的大豆产量.苜蓿茬上施大豆专用复合肥375 kg·hm-2组合处理大豆产量最高(2911.5 kg·hm-2),显著或极显著的比其它21个组合增产0.57%～54.42%.可见在连作大豆情况下,相对玉米和大豆茬而言,苜蓿茬起到了增产、增效、环境友好型和降低施肥成本的作用. 相似文献
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宿根蔗一次性施肥黑白膜全覆盖栽培试验初报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】探讨一次性施肥黑白膜全覆盖栽培对宿根蔗生长、产量及品质的影响,为黑白地膜在甘蔗生产上的应用提供参考。【方法】以常规施肥为对照,采用一次性施肥黑白膜全覆盖(A)和常规施肥地膜半覆盖(B)进行宿根蔗栽培,调查各处理的甘蔗出苗率、发株率、产量性状、蔗茎产量及蔗糖品质表现。【结果】A处理甘蔗发株率、有效茎数、茎径及株高等表现均优于其它处理;A处理蔗茎产量(83.94t/hm2)与对照(73.80t/hm2)差异达极显著水平、与B处理差异显著,B处理产量(78.73t/hm2)与对照差异显著;各处理的蔗糖分为13.31%~13.92%、相差较少。【结论】宿根蔗一次性施肥黑白膜全覆盖栽培,促进甘蔗早生快长,提高肥料利用率,增加产量;简化生产环节、减少作业次数,节约生产用工,优化和节省物资投入、提高生产效率,增加经济效益。 相似文献
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大豆行间覆膜增产栽培技术要点 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
阐述了大豆行间覆膜栽培技术的概念,适应区域。大豆行间覆膜栽培增产技术主要包括品种的选择、种子处理、科学施肥、适时播种、农膜使用、田间管理以及适期收获。 相似文献
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赤霉素及烯效唑对大豆形态、光合生理及产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解赤霉素ＧＡ３和烯效唑的壮苗效果,采用ＧＡ３和烯效唑浸种处理大豆种子,调查大豆茎秆、节长、叶柄、叶片光合特性及产量的变化。两年结果显示,ＧＡ３ 和烯效唑对大豆株高有调控作用,但具有时效性。苗期,ＧＡ３处理增加株高,烯效唑抑制株高;盛花期、结荚期和鼓粒期处理与对照之间株高无显著差异;收获期ＧＡ３处理降低了第１、３、１０、１２、１３、１４节节长,从而显著降低大豆株高,烯效唑降低第１节节长,不影响株高。ＧＡ３和烯效唑
浸种处理均增加大豆茎粗,增强大豆抗倒伏性。ＧＡ３处理降低了８～１０节叶柄长度、增加了１４～１８节叶柄长度;烯效唑增加７～１２节叶柄长度。两种调节剂从节长和叶柄两个方面改变了大豆冠层结构,叶柄长度的变化量与同节位的产量贡献率的变化量显著相关,相关系数为０．６２２和０．５８５,Ｐ＜０．０５。烯效唑浸种处理能够增加７ｄ、１４ｄ叶绿素含量,１４ｄ光合速率,显著提高单株粒数、单株荚数和产量,两年平均增产１５．１４％。说明烯效唑处理可能通过改变大豆冠层结构和光合性质影响大豆产量。 相似文献
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钼硼对大豆氮磷钾吸收及产量的影响 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
采用田间小区试验,研究了施钼或硼对浙春３号大豆农艺性状,产量及氮磷钾吸收的影响,结果表明,施钼或硼明显促进了大豆干物质积累量的增长和对氮磷钾的吸收,促进了大豆株高和底荚高的增长,增加了大豆的百粒重,总荚数和单株籽粒重,提高了大豆产量。大豆植株Ｎ和Ｐ２Ｏ５含量粒期之前呈明显下降的趋势,鼓粒期之后有所回升;Ｋ２Ｏ５含量的波动幅度较大,大豆产量与底荚高和百粒重呈极显著正相关,与经济系数呈负相关,与株高、 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):367-374
The relay strip intercropping system of wheat-corn-soybean is widely used in southwest China. However, it is hard to obtain a stable production of soybean with this system, since soybean plants grow under shading by corn; the stems are thinner and susceptible to lodging. We examined the effects of seed treatment with uniconazole powder (0, 2, 4 and 8 mg kg-1 seed) on the growth of soybean seedlings under relay strip intercropping, some morphological characteristics and yield. The seedling height, first internode length, cotyledonary node height and leaf area per plant were decreased, while the stem diameter, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, root volume, leaf greenness and root to shoot dry weight ratio were increased by uniconazole treatment. The root vigor and root active absorption area were also increased significantly by uniconazole treatment. Moreover, 2 and 4 mg kg-1 uniconazole powder treatment increased shoot dry weight, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and seed yield significantly. Thus, the results suggested that seed treatment with uniconazole powder at a suitable concentration can improve soybean seedling growth, resist the lodging and also increase the seed yield under shading by corn in relay strip intercropping system. 相似文献
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SHK-6对不同群体下大豆花荚脱落及其产量的调控 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
以"冀豆12"为材料,在大田条件下通过在初花期对不同群体大豆施用SHK-6,研究了植物生长调节剂SHK-6对不同群体条件下大豆产量及其构成因素的调控作用.结果表明:SHK-6能够明显的提高各个群体下的大豆产量(8.0%),在密度水平为30株/m2的条件下施用SHK-6产量达到最高.调节剂SHK一6能够提高单株花数(13.0%)、荚数(14.8%)、粒数(10.9%)、荚重(16.4%)、粒重(12.3%),并且能够提高百粒重(2.4%)、粒茎比(15.0%).虽然SHK-6处理也增加不同密度水平下的花荚脱落数,但对脱落率没有影响.SHK-6能够降低叶面积指数(LAI)、提高下层叶片的光截获率(群体透光率)和下层叶片的叶绿素的含量.可见冠层结构的优化是导致产量提高的根本原因. 相似文献
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Much of the yield variation in soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) crops is related to changes in pod and seed number. Pod number is the result of pod initiation and pod abscission while seed number is the result of potential seed per pod and seed abortion. However, the physiological regulation of these processes is not well understood. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the role of post-flowering changes in source size and canopy structure on pod initiation, pod abscission and seed abortion in soybean. Two soybean genotypes: DM48 and A7409 (maturity groups IV and VII, respectively) were used. Leaflet removal treatments (L) consisted of removing none (L0), one (L1) or two (L2) lateral leaflets of every developed trifoliate leaf present. Leaflet removals were applied twice: the first at full bloom and the second shortly after the beginning seed stage. Crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area index (LAI), light interception (LI), and relative leaf growth rate, were determined during the periods in which numerical components are established. For the period between the first and the second leaflet removal, CGR remained unchanged among L treatments in both genotypes because LAI reductions were compensated through an increase in the net assimilation rate of the remaining leaves. The first leaflet removal increased the relative leaf growth rate and the number of pods initiated (PI) and these increases were inversely related to the remaining LAI in both genotypes. Moreover, the inverse relationship between LAI and PI was sustained at LAI below and above critical (i.e., LAI for 95% LI) and was not related to CGR or LI. The number of pod abscised also increased with the level of leaflet removal during the first and main abscission period in both genotypes and the percentage of pod abscission was directly related to the seed growth rate per unit leaf area during the abscission period. Seed abortion was inversely related to LAI after the second leaflet removal. Only the highest level of leaflet removals (i.e., L2) was able to reduce seed size in both genotypes. Whereas pod abscission, seed abortion and seed size could be related to indicators of canopy assimilatory capability pod initiation was not, suggesting that other physiological mechanism/s operate in the regulation of pod initiation. In addition, our results suggest that early (i.e., at flowering) canopy closure may negatively impact pod initiation in soybean. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to document that the number of initiated pods is inversely related to LAI in soybean canopies. 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):460-467
AbstractDelayed stem senescence (DSS) after pod maturation in soybean (Glycine max) lowers the quality of products in the mechanized harvest. The effects of drought and excess wet soil conditions on the occurrence of DSS were studied with special reference to remobilization of vegetative nitrogen and supply of cytokinin via xylem. Excess wet soil treatment was applied throughout the reproductive period to field-grown soybean in 2003 (Exp.1) and short-term drought stress treatment was applied during the reproductive period to pot-grown soybean plants in 2004 (Exp.2). The degree of DSS at pod maturing was evaluated by the DSS score from “1” for severe DSS to “5” for completely synchronous senescence of pods and vegetative parts. The DSS score in Exp.1 varied from 2.2 to 2.5 and that in Exp.2 from 2.8 to 3.7. Excess wet soil treatment in Exp.1 promoted the occurrence of DSS, while drought stress treatments during the periods of flowering to pod elongation, later seed-filling and seed maturing decreased it. The soybean plants that showed distinct DSS had lower ratios of seed number to vegetative dry weight at seed maturity and a lower rate of nitrogen remobilization from vegetative organs to seeds during the latter half of the reproductive period. The trans-zeatin riboside (t-ZR) level in xylem exudate tended to be higher in soybeans with severer DSS than in those normally matured in both experiments showing increased t-ZR concentration and/or higher exudation rate. These results suggest that DSS can be caused by a wet soil water condition, which lowers pod/seed number and increases vegetative organs mediated by the increased supply of cytokinin through xylem during seed-filling. 相似文献
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为探讨不同株距对黑龙江克拜地区大豆农艺性状及产量的影响,于2011和2012年在大田栽培条件下,采用裂区设计,主处理为株距因子,6个水平分别是2,3,4,5,7,10 cm;副处理为品种因子,7个水平,3种生态株型,分别是无限多分枝(丰收6号和华疆7734)、无限少分枝(丰收10号和丰收27)和亚有限主茎型(丰收24、克山1号和克福07-935)。结果表明:不同株距条件对大豆农艺性状及产量影响显著。随着株距增加,株高在营养生长阶段呈现逐渐降低趋势,在后期呈现先升后降趋势;5节高度和底荚高度降低,主茎节数、分枝数、茎粗、1粒荚、2粒荚、3粒荚、4粒荚、瘪荚、主茎荚和全株荚数升高;百粒重变化没有规律性,虫粒率和病粒率降低;蛋白质含量降低,脂肪含量升高;产量呈现先升后降趋势,分枝型材料适宜株距为7 cm,主茎型材料适宜株距为5 cm。 相似文献
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黑龙江省及黄淮海地区大豆品种的遗传改进 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
对黑龙江省和黄淮海地区不同时期有代表性的大豆品种进行比较研究,结果表明单株粒重、荚比、三四粒荚数、每节荚数、每荚粒数、百粒重、脂肪含量等性状与产量呈显著或极显著正相关,而倒伏性与产量呈极显著负相关。各地大豆品种遗传改进的明显趋势在于抗倒伏性显著增强,单株粒重提高,每节荚数、每荚粒数增多,粒重增大,茎杆增粗,株高降低。 相似文献
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大豆低温冷害试验研究报告 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本试验于1985—1986年,用盆栽,在大豆不同生育时期以人工控制温度的方法进行低温处理。试验结果指出:低温处理使大豆植株生长缓慢,生育时期延迟,产量下降。低温处理的温度越低,处理的时间越长影响越重。大豆花芽分化期是大豆生理上的低温冷害关键期。该阶段对低温处理最敏感,产量大幅度下降,主要是荚数和粒数减少,空秕荚多,百粒重轻等综合因素所致。低温处理使大豆花荚败育。雌蕊遭受冷害也会阻碍结荚。低温处理大豆还使子粒加重病害。因此,必须注意防御低温冷害,才能确保大豆高产稳产质佳。 相似文献