共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
在快速城市化过程中,人为侵入体大量混入绿地,改变了土壤的三相组成及孔隙特征,但其对城市绿地土壤的入渗影响仍不清楚。基于一维垂直土柱入渗模拟,以典型人为侵入体砖块和混凝土碎块为例,研究其对城市绿地土壤水分入渗的影响特征。结果表明:(1)人为侵入体的混入均会抑制城市绿地土壤水分下渗,导致其稳定入渗速率降低,累积入渗量、湿润锋距离和土壤体积含水量减小,深层土壤水分变化滞后。同一配比下,以混凝土碎块对土壤水分入渗的抑制作用更为明显(P0.1);(2)随着人为侵入体配比从10%增加到20%,土壤稳定入渗率、累积入渗量、湿润锋距离和土壤体积含水量仍持续减小或略有增加,但差异均不显著(P0.1),其对土壤水分下渗的抑制作用渐趋减弱。(3)不同类型人为侵入体及配比下,城市绿地土壤水分的入渗量随时间变化更加符合Kostiakov模型。研究结果可为未来海绵城市的高效建设提供科学依据。 相似文献
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[目的]探究衡山不同海拔高度土壤入渗性能的差异及其影响因素,为山体大尺度土壤入渗性能研究提供思路和方法。[方法]在衡山不同海拔高度区域选取9个试验点进行野外点源入渗试验。[结果]①从各试验点入渗率角度分析,稳定入渗率随海拔上升逐渐增大(山顶山腰山麓)且入渗率变化显著。从入渗开始到稳定入渗减小了50%～86%,且入渗过程呈现出一定规律性,即初始入渗率很大,随着入渗过程的推进,前10 min入渗率迅速减小,10～30 min缓慢减小,最终在30 min后趋于稳定。②影响土壤入渗性能的因素较多,在衡山试验中稳定入渗率与0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量和海拔高度分别呈极显著正相关和显著正相关关系,而与有机质、土壤容重和质地相关性较低。③Kostiakov模型,Philip模型、Horton模型在各试验点的决定系数R~2均大于0.95,都能较好地对衡山各试验点入渗速率进行拟合,而Philip模型的参数中表征稳定入渗率的参数A均为负数,使其物理意义不明确。[结论] Horton模型能反映不同海拔区域稳定入渗率的特征(山顶山腰山麓),Kostiakov模型能较好地反映入渗速率的变化特征(山麓山顶山腰),也说明点源入渗法测量山地入渗是可行的。 相似文献
3.
贺兰山西麓绿洲土壤水分的入渗特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]研究贺兰山西麓腰坝绿洲土壤水分入渗特性,为当地合理利用水资源和农田灌溉提供理论依据。[方法]在当地选取21个试验点进行野外双环入渗试验,利用不同入渗公式对实测结果进行拟合,并通过多元分析及地统计学方法分析土壤水分入渗特性。[结果]Horton公式的拟合结果相关系数高达0.963,相对误差与均方根误差分别仅为4.09%与0.046 mm/min,拟合精度要优于Philip公式与Kostiakov公式,且模型参数具有较好的物理意义。土壤质地对入渗过程有显著性影响,土壤中含砂量越高,入渗速率越大,达到稳定所需时间越短,而土壤容重与初始含水率则分别对累积入渗量及初始入渗率有一定影响。稳定入渗率最大值约为最小值的12倍,变异系数高达0.677,且由东北向西南呈现递减的趋势。[结论]Horton公式适用于描述腰坝绿洲土壤水分入渗过程,土壤性质差异对入渗过程有较大影响,同时在空间上入渗率也存在较强变异性。 相似文献
4.
常用绿地土壤改良材料对土壤水分入渗的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
利用一维垂直土柱法研究几种常用的绿地土壤改良材料及其不同配比对土壤水分入渗的影响,结果表明:土壤水分稳定入渗率、累积入渗量和湿润峰下移距离随土壤含砂量和粒径的增加而显著增加;绿化植物废弃物能提高土壤入渗及湿润峰下降深度,但单独应用效果不明显;脱硫石膏增加土壤入渗,加快湿润峰下移速度;但表施聚丙烯酰胺阻碍土壤水分下渗。Kostiakov入渗模型(I=Kt~(1-α))及幂函数(F=at~b)分别能很好地拟合几种改良材料的累积入渗量以及湿润峰随时间的变化,拟合系数R~2均在0.99以上,且模型中各项指标均较好地表征了几种改良材料的初始累积入渗量、土壤入渗能力的衰减程度及湿润峰变化。以体积比70%土+10%砂+20%绿化植物废弃物+0.5kg/m~3脱硫石膏配比对绿地雨水入渗和蓄积能力最佳。 相似文献
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不同土地利用方式峰丛坡地土壤入渗特征及其模拟 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
喀斯特峰丛坡地的水土过程基础研究相对短缺,阻碍了相关土壤水文机理认识和适合该区模型的构建。为探明峰丛坡地上土壤入渗性能及变化过程,提出适合峰丛坡地的土壤入渗模型,通过室内一维垂直入渗试验,研究了峰丛坡地上不同土地利用方式土壤的初渗率、稳渗率及平均入渗率,并利用Horton,Philip,Kostiakov及经验通用模型拟合其入渗过程并进行评价。结果表明:(1)峰丛坡地上灌木林地的土壤砂粒含量约占50%以上,土壤渗透性能较强,而梯田旱地黏粒含量较高、有机质含量低,土壤渗透性能较差。(2)不同土地利用土壤前期入渗率均较高,为1.33～3.17cm/min,随后入渗速率急剧下降82.2%～96.2%,在20min左右达到稳定入渗率。灌木林地的前期入渗率下降幅度最大,而裸石地和梯田旱地相对缓慢。(3)Horton模型适宜于描述喀斯特峰丛坡地的土壤入渗过程,Horton模型的初始入渗率和稳定入渗率与实测值较为接近,而Kostiakov和Philip模型的拟合值与实测值存在差距。本研究为进一步认识峰丛坡地土壤水分入渗机理及构建入渗模型提供了理论依据。 相似文献
6.
科尔沁沙地不同土地利用类型土壤入渗特征比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的] 探究科尔沁沙地不同土地利用类型土壤入渗特征的差异,为干旱—半干旱区包气带水分与物质运移等相关研究提供科学参考。[方法] 利用双环入渗仪野外实测和室内土壤物理性质分析相结合的方法,研究了科尔沁沙地具有代表性的8种土地利用类型(樟子松林地、小叶锦鸡儿林地、白柠条林地、撂荒草地、草甸草地、疏林草地、玉米农田以及裸沙地)土壤入渗特征及其影响因素,同时采用Kastiakov模型、Horton模型、Philip模型和G-P综合模型对其水分入渗过程进行了拟合,比较其拟合优度。[结果] ①不同土地利用类型土壤入渗特征存在显著差异,初始入渗率变化范围为1.595～12.020 mm/min,由大到小依次为：裸沙地>白柠条林地>玉米农田>樟子松林地>小叶锦鸡儿林地>草甸草地>撂荒草地>疏林草地;15 min入渗率变化范围为0.617～3.690 mm/min,由大到小依次为：裸沙地>白柠条林地>樟子松林地>小叶锦鸡儿林地>玉米农田>撂荒草地>草甸草地>疏林草地;土壤稳定入渗率变化范围为0.576～3.495 mm/min,由大到小依次为：裸沙地>白柠条林地>玉米农田>小叶锦鸡儿林地>樟子松林地>撂荒草地>草甸草地>疏林草地; ②不同土地利用类型入渗率与土壤容重、细砂含量呈极显著负相关,与中砂含量呈极显著正相关;稳定入渗率与非毛管孔隙度呈显著正相关; ③各模型对科尔沁沙地土壤入渗过程的拟合优度依次为：Horton模型>G-P综合模型>Kastiakov模型>Philip模型,其中Horton模型决定系数最高且相对误差最小,能更准确地模拟科尔沁沙地土壤入渗的实际情况。[结论] 科尔沁沙地不同土地利用类型土壤入渗特征存在差异,土壤性质对其入渗特征影响显著;Horton模型在科尔沁沙地拟合度较高,可应用此模型来估算水分入渗过程。 相似文献
7.
海州露天煤矿排土场复垦区不同土地利用类型土壤入渗特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
为揭示排土场复垦区不同土地利用类型土壤的水源涵养功能,采用野外实地双环入渗试验和室内理化分析方法,系统地研究了海州露天煤矿排土场复垦区不同土地利用类型(乔木林地、灌木林地、农用地、荒草地)土壤入渗特性及其影响因素。结果表明:不同土地利用类型下的土壤初始入渗率、稳定入渗率和累计入渗量均表现为乔木林地灌木林地农用地荒草地;不同土地利用类型下土壤入渗过程的拟合优度存在差异,G-P综合模型、Kastiakov模型、Horton模型的平均拟合优度依次为0.926,0.908,0.905。G-P综合模型相对误差为79.21%~123.69%,更接近排土场复垦区土壤入渗的实际过程,可作为排土场复垦区土壤入渗过程的预测模型;不同土地利用类型下土壤初始入渗率与非毛管孔隙度呈显著正相关,稳定入渗率和累计入渗量与非毛管孔隙度、砾石含量和部分根系特征呈显著正相关;采用主成分分析评价的土壤入渗能力排序为乔木林地灌木林地农用地荒草地,初始入渗率、稳定入渗率、14min入渗率和累积入渗量的主成分方差累积贡献率为99.047%,较好地表达了土壤入渗能力。 相似文献
8.
坡度影响下的砒砂岩区裸露坡面水分入渗特征及模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究不同坡度(5°,10°,20°,30°)条件下,不同质地砒砂岩土壤(灰白色、混合色、紫红色)的水分入渗特征及最优入渗模型。通过室内模拟土柱法对土壤的水分入渗特征和拟合结果进行对比分析。结果表明:(1)研究区不同坡面土壤容重在1.513~1.737 g/cm3,30°坡面下的灰白色砒砂岩土壤入渗能力较强,5°坡面下的紫红色砒砂岩土壤入渗能力较弱。(2) 在砒砂岩土壤一维垂直 入渗过程中,初始入渗率为2.000~8.600 cm/min,入渗时间3.500~5.000 min后达到稳定入渗率(0.160~1.800 cm/min)。入渗率、湿润锋运移速率与时间呈幂函数递减关系。坡度的大小、砒砂岩的质地均影响砒砂岩土壤入渗能力,坡度越小、颜色越深, 入渗率、累计入渗率越低,湿润锋运移越慢;且初始入渗速率、稳定入渗速率、初始湿润锋运移速率、稳定湿润锋运移速率的值均随着坡面坡度的减小、砒砂岩土壤颜色的加深呈现减小趋势。(3)Kostiakov模型、Philip模型对于砒砂岩区土壤水分入渗结果拟合较好,决定系数均在0.900以上。Kostiakov模型 决定系数的平均值0.948拟合效果最优;Philip模型决定系数的平均值0.937拟合效果其次;Horton模型决定系数的平均值0.688拟合效果较差。通过平均绝对误差(MAE)、均方根误差(RMSE)、偏差百分比(PBIAS)、纳什效率系数(NSE)验证Kostiakov模型和Philip模型模拟值与实测值的差异性小、两者吻合程度高。 相似文献
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利用室内人工降雨试验研究降雨强度和坡度对塿土水分入渗状况的影响及其作用机理,并用数学方法对土壤入渗率与累积入渗量随时间变化过程进行数学模拟。试验结果表明:雨强对降雨入渗率及累积入渗量有显著影响。雨强在20~90 mm h-1之间,雨强越大,塿土初始入渗率越高,达到稳定的时间越短,土壤的稳定入渗率由于主要受制于土壤特性,因而各降雨强度间差异不显著;累积入渗量变化表现为随降雨强度增大而减少;坡度对土壤入渗率及累积入渗量基本无影响。运用数学模型对土壤入渗率及累积入渗量的变化过程进行模拟,结果表明,Kostiakov经验模型与自回归移动平均模型(ARIMA)两种模型均可用于模拟土壤入渗性能的变化过程,拟合精度均较高。 相似文献
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为揭示退耕对石漠化区露石岩—土界面土壤渗透特性的影响,以典型石漠化坡耕地为对照,选择休闲地、退耕灌草和果园为研究对象,采用环刀法研究了平直、外凸和内凹型露石岩—土界面土壤渗透特性。结果表明:(1)不同退耕类型岩—土界面土壤入渗过程及特征差异较大,从初始入渗率到稳定入渗率衰减幅度在0.350~55.756 mm/min,而不同岩—土界面形状间土壤入渗速率差异较大;(2)不同退耕类型岩—土界面土壤入渗速率的主要影响因素为毛管孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度,初始入渗率、平均入渗率和稳定入渗率均与毛管孔隙度呈极显著负相关(p＜0.01),而初始入渗率与非毛管孔隙度呈显著正相关(p＜0.05);(3)与Kostiakov模型和Philip模型相比,Horton模型对不同退耕类型岩—土界面土壤入渗过程拟合适用性最好,可以更好地模拟和预测不同退耕类型岩—土界面土壤入渗过程和入渗能力;(4)主成分分析评价不同退耕类型岩—土界面土壤入渗能力大小为坡耕地(0.99)＞休闲地(0.16)＞退耕灌草地(-0.43)＞退耕果园(-0.72)。退耕明显降低石漠化区露石岩—土界面土壤入渗能力,这种降低在外凸型岩—土界面最为显著。研究结果可为深入认识退耕对石漠化区岩—土界面水分渗漏提供科学依据。 相似文献
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【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
15.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
17.
Electron donor and pH relationships for biologically enhanced dissolution of chlorinated solvent DNAPL in groundwater 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Biologically enhanced dissolution offers a method to speed removal of chlorinated solvent dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) sources such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichoroethene (TCE) from aquifers. Bioremediation is accomplished by adding an electron donor to the source zone where fermentation to intermediates leading to acetic acid and hydrogen results. The hydrogen and possibly acetic acid are used by dehalogenating bacteria to convert PCE and TCE to ethene and hydrochloric acid. Reductive dehalogenation is thus an acid forming process, and sufficient alkalinity must be present to maintain a near neutral pH. The bicarbonate alkalinity required to maintain pH above 6.5 is a function of the electron donor: 800 mg/L of bicarbonate alkalinity is sufficient to achieve about 1.2 mM TCE dechlorination with glucose, 1.7 mM with lactate, and a much higher 3.3 mM with formate. Laboratory studies indicate that in mixed culture, formate can be used as an electron donor for complete conversion to ethene, contrary to pure cultures studies indicating it cannot. Various strategies can be used to add electron donor to an aquifer for DNAPL dehalogenation while minimizing pH problems and excessive electron donor usage, including use of injection-extraction wells, dual recirculation wells, and nested injection-extraction wells. 相似文献
18.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
19.
Y. Bashan J. J. Bustillos L. A. Leyva J.-P. Hernandez M. Bacilio 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(4):279-285
Inoculation of wheat seedlings with the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Cd was immobilized in alginate microbeads and, without applying any stress, significantly increased the quantity of several
photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the auxiliary photoprotective pigments violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, antheroxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, and β-carotene.
This resulted in greener plants with no apparent visible stress. After monitoring the quantity of photosynthetic pigments
for 4 weeks, we observed that inoculated plants had higher quantities of pigments in shoot and stem. The greatest difference
in the quantity of all pigments between inoculated and noninoculated plants occurred in the first week of growth. Regardless
of treatment, the quantity of pigments in stems was three to four times less than the quantity of these pigments in shoots.
Application of Azospirillum, either as liquid inoculant or as alginate microbeads, did not alter the positive effect of the bacteria on pigment production
or the positive response of the plants towards A. brasilense Cd inoculation. 相似文献
20.
Three slow-growing legume trees used for desert reforestation and urban gardening in the Sonoran Desert of Northwestern Mexico
and the Southwestern USA were evaluated whether their growth can be promoted by inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria
(Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus pumilus), unidentified arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (mainly Glomus sp.), and supplementation with common compost under regular screenhouse cultivation common to these trees in nurseries. Mesquite
amargo (Prosopis articulata) and yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla) had different positive responses to several of the parameters tested while blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida) did not respond. Survival of all tree species was over 80% and survival of mesquite was almost 100% after 10 months of cultivation.
Inoculation with growth-promoting microorganisms induced significant effects on the leaf gas exchange of these trees, measured
as transpiration and diffusive resistance, when these trees were cultivated without water restrictions. 相似文献