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1.
抗精噁唑禾草灵耿氏硬草乙酰辅酶A羧化酶基因研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确耿氏硬草抗性种群SD-23对乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACCase)抑制剂类除草剂的抗性水平及靶标抗性分子机理,采用整株水平测定法测定了SD-23种群对6种ACCase抑制剂类除草剂的抗性,扩增和比对了抗性和敏感种群间的ACCase基因序列,并测定了耿氏硬草种群SD-23对其他4种除草剂的敏感性。结果表明,SD-23种群对精噁唑禾草灵产生了高水平抗性,抗性倍数为12.7,对炔草酯和精吡氟禾草灵产生了低水平抗性,抗性倍数分别为5.2和4.5,对烯禾啶、烯草酮和唑啉草酯较敏感。与敏感种群SD-1相比,SD-23种群ACCase的CT区域第2096位甘氨酸突变为丙氨酸(Gly-2096-Ala);甲基二磺隆、啶磺草胺和异丙隆对抗性和敏感种群均有较好防效,其防效达86.7%以上,干重防效达77.4%以上。ACCase的Gly-2096-Ala突变第一次在耿氏硬草中被报道,该突变可能是导致SD-23种群对精噁唑禾草灵产生抗性的重要原因之一。 相似文献
2.
山东省小麦田看麦娘对甲基二磺隆的抗性及其基因突变 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为明确山东省麦田看麦娘种群对甲基二磺隆的抗性情况及可能存在的抗性机理,本研究在临沂、日照等山东省看麦娘发生严重地区的小麦田共采集10个看麦娘种群,在温室条件下测定了其对甲基二磺隆的抗性以及对其他4种除草剂的敏感性,扩增和比对了靶标酶乙酰乳酸合成酶(acetolactate synthase,ALS)基因部分片段的差异。结果表明,SDTC-4种群对甲基二磺隆具有高抗性,抗性倍数达30.1,其他种群对甲基二磺隆敏感,抗性倍数在1.0~1.8之间。对ALS基因片段测序发现,SDTC-4种群看麦娘ALS基因197位氨基酸由脯氨酸(CCC)突变为丝氨酸(TCC)(P197S),其他种群均未发现有突变产生。SDTC-4种群对啶磺草胺和氟唑磺隆产生了一定的交互抗性,在推荐剂量下死亡率分别为10.0%和13.3%。所有的看麦娘种群对精噁唑禾草灵和异丙隆敏感,推荐剂量下死亡率达100%。本研究是看麦娘对甲基二磺隆抗性在山东省的第一例报道,ALS基因P197S突变是第一次在看麦娘中被发现,该突变很可能是导致SDTC-4种群对甲基二磺隆产生抗性的重要原因之一。 相似文献
3.
4种除草剂对小麦田雀麦(Bromus japonicus)的田间药效试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以北京市大兴区常用冬小麦品种农大211为试验材料,在春季以30 g/L甲基二磺隆、70%氟唑磺隆、10%精噁唑禾草灵和40%三甲苯草酮为试验药剂,对冬小麦麦田杂草雀麦的防治效果进行研究。结果表明:30 g/L甲基二磺隆20 m L/667 m~2、70%氟唑磺隆2 g/667 m~2和10%精噁唑禾草灵水乳剂10 g/667 m~2在药后28 d鲜质量防效达到了90%以上,防治后小麦与对照相比分别增产35.82%、33.69%和59.57%,对千粒质量影响差异显著(P0.05),对穗粒数没有影响。本次试验中40%三甲苯草酮水分散粒剂40 g/667 m~2防治雀麦与对照相比效果不明显。 相似文献
4.
【目的】糠稷已成为我国局部水稻田主要恶性杂草之一。明确糠稷的种子萌发和出苗特性,探索化学防除技术具有重要意义。【方法】通过室内及温室试验,测定了温度、光照、盐和渗透胁迫、水层深度、土层深度对糠稷种子萌发及出苗的影响,并评估了水稻田常用苗前封闭和苗后茎叶除草剂对糠稷的防效。【结果】1）糠稷种子在20/10℃(昼/夜)～35/25℃温度范围萌发率均大于95%,且光照/黑暗交替处理的萌发率大于持续黑暗处理。糠稷萌发率随水势降低而下降,-0.35 MPa的水势对其种子萌发的抑制率达50%。250 mmol/L NaCl处理后糠稷萌发率大于50%,表明其耐盐胁迫能力较强。2）糠稷仅能在0～0.5cm土层深度萌发出苗,播种深度大于0.5cm时未见其出苗。水层大于2 cm时糠稷幼苗无法长出水面。3）在田间推荐剂量下,丙草胺、丁草胺、噁草酮、丙炔噁草酮和双唑草腈苗前土壤喷雾对糠稷防效100%,氯氟吡啶酯、五氟磺草胺、双草醚、氰氟草酯、噁唑酰草胺和精噁唑禾草灵可防除95%以上2～4叶期糠稷,在糠稷6叶期时选用噁唑酰草胺和精噁唑禾草灵,防治效果亦可达到90%以上。【结论】明确了环境因子对糠稷种子萌发和出苗... 相似文献
5.
本文应用“二封一补”的策略完成黑龙江省水直播田杂草的药剂系统防控试验,结果表明,在16个有效处理中,处理5（25%噁草酮EC+25%丙炔噁草酮OD+10%吡嘧磺隆WP,50%丙草胺EC+33%嗪吡嘧磺隆WG,5%五氟磺草胺OD+30%氰氟草酯OD）防控效果最好,对总杂草的株数相对防效和鲜质量相对防效均为100%,产量也最高,达到7.77 t/hm2;处理6（25%噁草酮EC+25%丙炔噁草酮OD+10%吡嘧磺隆WP,50%丙草胺EC+33%嗪吡嘧磺隆WG,5%五氟磺草胺OD+48%灭草松AS）防控效果次之,对总杂草的株相对防效和鲜质量相对防效分别为99.92%和99.74%,产量也较高,达到7.65 t/hm2。此外,从首次出苗率、分蘖动态、株高动态、千粒重和结实率等指标来看,各处理间差别很小,无药害问题。 相似文献
6.
2016～2017年在东北春玉米种植区和黄淮海夏玉米种植区设立田间试验基地,研究除草剂异噁唑草酮·噻酮磺隆悬浮剂在不同区域玉米田播后苗前处理的杀草谱及除草效果、对玉米安全性及对下茬作物生长的影响。结果表明,26.7%异噁唑草酮·噻酮磺隆悬浮剂141.75～283.5 g ai/hm2在玉米播后苗前使用,对东北春玉米种植区主要杂草稗草、狗尾草、藜、反枝苋、苘麻、刺儿菜和黄淮海玉米种植区主要杂草马唐、牛筋草、反枝苋、马齿苋、铁苋菜等禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草均有理想效果,药后40～45 d,异噁唑草酮·噻酮磺隆上述处理对杂草鲜重防效仍在95%左右,可实现一次施药控制玉米全生长期的杂草,在玉米田具有较好的除草增产作用;对后茬播种的小麦、大豆、花生、油菜、菠菜生长无影响。 相似文献
7.
15%麦极WP(炔草酯Clodinafop-propargel)是由瑞士先正达公司开发的新颖小麦田恶性禾本科杂草高效茎叶处理除草剂。2005至2006年,我们进行了15%麦极最佳施药剂量、最佳施药时间、杀草谱、作物安全性以及喷药液量,喷雾器类型、混用等施用技术试验研究。结果表明,在冬前禾本科草2~4叶期和春后禾本科草5~7叶期,施用15%麦极对麦田恶性禾本科杂草看麦娘、菵草,棒头草和硬草具有优良的防效,最佳使用剂量为冬前667m2用16g(36gai/hm2),春后667m2用20~24g(45~54gai/hm2),药效高于6.9%精噁唑禾草灵,可采用目前常用的喷雾器包括工农16空心锥型喷嘴、卫士利农扇型喷嘴和弥雾机,对水15L或30L/667m2进行茎叶喷雾,可与苯磺隆或异丙隆混配,兼除禾本科草和阔叶草,按推荐剂量使用15%麦极[16~24g/667m2(36~54gai/hm2)]对本区地推广的小麦扬麦13号很安全。 相似文献
8.
10%氰氟·精噁唑EC防除水稻直播田千金子的效果研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为给水稻直播田草害的化学防控提供依据,通过2年田间试验研究了10%氰氟.精噁唑EC（乳油）对水稻直播田千金子的控制效果和应用安全性。结果表明,氰氟.精噁唑对直播稻田6~7叶期的千金子具有良好的防除效果,有效成分用量75~90 g/hm2药后10 d的密度防效可达85%,药后20 d的密度防效可达90%以上、鲜重防效可达98%;相同用药量的密度防效显著优于对照药剂氰氟草酯。施用氰氟.精噁唑能显著提高水稻产量,增产效果达19.18%～27.41%。氰氟.精噁唑可作为水稻直播田防除大龄千金子的优良备选药剂。 相似文献
9.
二化螟抗药性监测和对三唑磷抗性的遗传分析 总被引：38，自引：5，他引：38
采用点滴法测定了2001~2002年浙、苏、皖、赣等4省水稻二化螟4龄幼虫对氟虫腈、阿维菌素、三唑磷及杀虫单等的抗性;用三唑磷高抗种群经室内筛选纯化后与室内敏感种群进行正反交、回交,对三唑磷抗性进行了初步遗传分析。结果表明：(1) 通过对4省7个种群的检测,发现浙江瑞安种群对氟虫腈有低水平抗性（抗性倍数为6.5倍）,其他种群虽存在敏感度差异（1.0~1.6倍）,但均属敏感范围;(2) 浙、苏、皖三省6个不同种群对阿维菌素的敏感度变化小于2.3倍,未检测到明显抗药性;(3) 4省10个种群对三唑磷敏感度变化很大（LD50值为有效成分0.0052~1.0114 μg/头）,其中瑞安种群具有高水平抗性（163.1倍）,温州种群为中等水平抗性（18.2倍）,常熟、锡山和金坛3种群为低水平抗性（6.7~9.7倍）,新洋农场、楚州、连云港、宜丰和太湖5种群为敏感（0.8~2.9倍）;(4) 4省9个种群对杀虫单均有不同程度抗药性,瑞安和宜丰种群达高水平抗性（113.7和57.6倍）,温州、常熟、金坛和太湖4种群为中等水平抗性（11.0~29.7倍）,新洋农场和锡山种群为低水平抗性（6.7和7.5倍）,灌云种群抗性最低,为3.7倍;(5)瑞安种群对三唑磷抗性属单个主基因控制的不完全显性性状,但不排除微效修饰基因的存在。 相似文献
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11.
Recent developments in elucidating modes of resistance to phenylamide, DMI and strobilurin fungicides 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
U. Gisi K. M. Chin G. Knapova R. Küng Frber U. Mohr S. Parisi H. Sierotzki U. Steinfeld 《Crop Protection》2000,19(8-10):863-872
Resistance risk assessment, analysis of resistance events and risk management are based on elements such as the mode of resistance in target organisms, similarity of inhibitors, detection methods for resistant individuals, and design and validation of product use strategies. The mode of resistance may be analysed in several steps including the molecular, genetic, biochemical, physiological, and population level. Historical and recent findings are described for phenylamide fungicides (PAFs), demethylation inhibitors (DMIs) in sterol biosynthesis and fungicides of the strobilurin-type action and resistance (STAR) group (Qo respiration inhibitors, QoIs) with regard to the site of resistance in target pathogens and the presence of resistant individuals in populations. 相似文献
12.
Field evolved resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides in a multiple resistant Lolium rigidum population (VLR69) is known to be mainly due to enhanced rates of herbicide metabolism, likely involving cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. The present study investigates genetic inheritance of P450-mediated metabolic resistance to the ALS-inhibiting herbicide chlorsulfuron. To this end, a P450-mediated, metabolism-based resistant sub-set of VLR69 was carefully selected using plant vegetative cloning, appropriate herbicide screen test and the known P450 inhibitor malathion. Both intermediate and near-dominant nuclear-encoded phenotypic resistance traits were observed in 14 reciprocal F1 families. The segregation of phenotypic chlorsulfuron resistance in ψ-F2 families was analysed using genetic inheritance models involving one or two loci. The results from four ψ-F2 families revealed complex patterns of genetic inheritance of P450-mediated metabolic resistance in genetically diverse and cross-pollinated species L. rigidum: multiple loci are likely involved and interact with herbicide rates and environmental conditions in mediating the resistance phenotype. 相似文献
13.
The cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora) is one of the most important sucking insect pests attacking certain legumes in Egypt particularly faba bean, cowpea and pea. In this study we monitored the resistance level of three field populations of A. craccivora to seven insecticides belonging to three different chemical classes (organophosphates, carbamates and neonicotinoids). The three populations were collected from three governorates in Egypt namely Dakahlia, Qalyobia and Beni Suef. Diagnostic concentrations (LC90 values for susceptible strain) for each insecticide were established using a leaf dipping technique. Resistance monitoring showed that the field population from Dakahlia was highly resistant to all the tested insecticides. In a similar manner, the population from Qalyobia was also resistant to all insecticides except for fenitrothion to which only moderate resistance was observed. The field population from Beni Suef exhibited a lower level of resistance to all the seven tested insecticides.Biochemical assay showed that esterase activity in these three field populations was generally higher as the enzyme activity ratio ranged from 4.3 to 7.8 fold more than that for the susceptible strain. The activity of the other measured detoxifying enzymes (glutathione -S- transferase and mixed function oxidases) was moderate in the populations from Qalyobia and Dakahlia. Nevertheless, the enzyme activity in A. craccivora collected from Beni Suef was variable and differed slightly from the activity measured in the susceptible strain. Monitoring insecticide resistance among the three aphid populations was a proactive approach to detect any shift in insecticide efficiency. The possible occurrence of resistance in the cowpea aphid to the tested insecticides may be due to the higher activity of carboxylesterases. Further studies on the resistance mechanism to these insecticides are needed to provide insights in how to manage and delay the onset of the resistance and thus prolong the performance of insecticides against A. craccivora. 相似文献
14.
陕西省小麦白粉菌对三唑酮的抗药性监测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为给三唑酮在小麦白粉菌防治中的合理应用提供依据,采用拌种离体叶段法测定了陕西省4个市19个乡镇的166个小麦白粉菌菌株对三唑酮的抗药性。结果表明,供试菌株对三唑酮的平均EC50为34.66mg.L-1,平均抗药性水平为16.58倍,80.72%的菌株产生了抗药性。其中,高抗菌株(抗药性水平>40倍)占9.64%,中抗菌株(10倍<抗药性水平≤40倍)占37.35%。咸阳市武功县普集镇、宝鸡市岐山县高店乡和益店镇以及眉县横渠镇小麦白粉菌抗药性高于其他地区。说明陕西省关中大部分地区的小麦白粉菌已对三唑酮产生了抗药性,且抗药性呈增加趋势,但与全国范围相比,抗药性水平相对较低。 相似文献
15.
A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate. 相似文献
16.
【目的】明确黑龙江省水田稻稗(Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing)对丁草胺的抗药性水平以及对其他细胞分裂抑制剂的交互抗药性水平。【方法】采用琼脂法和整株盆栽法测定了黑龙江省14个地区53个田块的稻稗对丁草胺的抗药性以及对其他3种细胞分裂抑制剂丙草胺、苯噻酰草胺和莎稗磷的交互抗性。【结果】琼脂法检测出庆安03、东京城镇02等4个稻稗生物型对丁草胺产生了中等水平抗性，抗性指数为12.92~26.03，占供试稻稗生物型的7.55%；兴隆镇03、阿城04等4个稻稗生物型对丁草胺产生了低等水平抗性，抗性指数为6.63~8.86，占供试稻稗生物型的7.55%；庆安01、汤原01等5个稻稗生物型对丁草胺敏感性下降，抗性指数为3.18~4.84，占供试稻稗生物型的9.43%；其余阿城02、尚志02等40个稻稗生物型对丁草胺表现敏感，抗性指数均小于3，占供试稻稗生物型的75.47%。选取上述测定结果当中抗性最高的两个生物型，使用整株盆栽法进行对丁草胺的抗性水平验证。发现庆安03和东京城镇02同样产生了中等水平抗性，抗性指数分别为16.78和13.27；同时测定两个抗性生物型对丙草胺、苯噻酰草胺和莎稗磷3种细胞分裂抑制剂的交互抗性，结果显示，庆安03稻稗生物型对丁草胺和丙草胺产生了交互抗性；东京城镇02稻稗生物型对丁草胺、丙草胺和莎稗磷产生了交互抗性。【结论】黑龙江省部分地区稻稗对丁草胺产生了抗药性，且对丙草胺和莎稗磷产生了交互抗性。 相似文献
17.
黑龙江省稻稗对丁草胺的抗性测定及交互抗性的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】明确黑龙江省水田稻稗(Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing)对丁草胺的抗药性水平以及对其他细胞分裂抑制剂的交互抗药性水平。【方法】采用琼脂法和整株盆栽法测定了黑龙江省14个地区53个田块的稻稗对丁草胺的抗药性以及对其他3种细胞分裂抑制剂丙草胺、苯噻酰草胺和莎稗磷的交互抗性。【结果】琼脂法检测出庆安03、东京城镇02等4个稻稗生物型对丁草胺产生了中等水平抗性,抗性指数为12.92~26.03,占供试稻稗生物型的7.55%;兴隆镇03、阿城04等4个稻稗生物型对丁草胺产生了低等水平抗性,抗性指数为6.63~8.86,占供试稻稗生物型的7.55%;庆安01、汤原01等5个稻稗生物型对丁草胺敏感性下降,抗性指数为3.18~4.84,占供试稻稗生物型的9.43%;其余阿城02、尚志02等40个稻稗生物型对丁草胺表现敏感,抗性指数均小于3,占供试稻稗生物型的75.47%。选取上述测定结果当中抗性最高的两个生物型,使用整株盆栽法进行对丁草胺的抗性水平验证。发现庆安03和东京城镇02同样产生了中等水平抗性,抗性指数分别为16.78和13.27;同时测定两个抗性生物型对丙草胺、苯噻酰草胺和莎稗磷3种细胞分裂抑制剂的交互抗性,结果显示,庆安03稻稗生物型对丁草胺和丙草胺产生了交互抗性;东京城镇02稻稗生物型对丁草胺、丙草胺和莎稗磷产生了交互抗性。【结论】黑龙江省部分地区稻稗对丁草胺产生了抗药性,且对丙草胺和莎稗磷产生了交互抗性。 相似文献