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1.
为给防治中国小麦叶锈病和培育抗叶锈病小麦品种奠定基础,本研究以36个携带已知抗病基因的载体品种和71个河南主栽小麦品种为材料,在苗期接种16个小麦叶锈菌生理小种进行基因推导,并利用系谱分析和分子标记检测对推导结果进行验证,于2014－2015年度在河北保定小麦试验田及2014－2015和2015－2016两年度在河南周口黄泛区农场进行田间成株期抗叶锈性鉴定。结果发现,71个河南小麦品种中,36个品种在苗期共鉴定出7个抗叶锈病基因（ Lr1 、 Lr2b 、 Lr10 、 Lr26 、 Lr17 、 Lr34 和 Lr39 ）,其中27个品种含有 Lr26 ,4个品种含有 Lr39 ,2个品种含有 Lr10 ,含有 Lr1 和 Lr17 的品种各有8个,含有 Lr2b 和 Lr34的品种各有1个。成株期抗叶锈性鉴定结果表明,仅有7个品种具有成株期慢锈性,可能含有成株期抗性基因,可进一步用于培育抗叶锈病品种和抗叶锈病基因的合理布局。 相似文献
2.
为给抗叶锈病育种提供优异抗源,选用17个不同毒力的叶锈菌生理小种,对69份国外小麦品种（系）及36份已知抗病基因的近等基因系进行苗期抗叶锈病基因推导,并结合11个已知基因的分子标记进行标记检测;于2017-2018年度分别在河北保定试验田和河南周口黄泛区农场对69份国外小麦材料进行田间成株期抗叶锈性鉴定。结果发现,在69份国外小麦品种（系）中共检测到6个抗小麦叶锈病基因 （Lr1、Lr10、Lr19、Lr26、Lr34和Lr37）,携带苗期抗病基因Lr1、Lr10、Lr19和Lr26的分别有6、19、5和10份品种（系）,携带成株抗病基因Lr34和Lr37的分别有10和26份品种（系）,田间鉴定具有成株慢锈性的品种（系）共有46份。 相似文献
3.
小冰麦33是一个高产、高蛋白、抗多种病害的小麦品种,并具有温敏抗叶锈性。为了明确小冰麦33所含有的温敏性抗叶锈基因,选用4个不同毒性基因组合的小麦叶锈菌生理小种在5℃／10℃（黑暗／光照）、15℃／20℃（黑暗／光照）和25℃／30℃（黑暗／光照）三个温度条件下对小冰麦33进行了温敏抗叶锈性基因推导。通过比较3个不同温度下小冰麦33与7个以Thatcher为遗传背景的小麦抗叶锈近等基因系（分别含有Lr11、Lr13、Lr14a、Lr18、Lr23、Lr34、Lr37温敏基因）对4个小麦叶锈菌生理小种的反应型模式,推导出该品种可能含有Lr18及其他新的温敏抗叶锈性基因。 相似文献
4.
六个小麦品系的抗叶锈性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究供试的6个小麦品系对叶锈病的抗性状况及所含的抗叶锈基因,利用苗期基因推导、成株期抗病鉴定和分子标记辅助检测进行综合鉴定。结果表明,6个小麦品系中,cp0262811可能含有Lr3bg、Lr42和Lr44;cp012733177可能含有Lr2c、Lr3bg、Lr16、Lr26和Lr42;cp20334178和cp023924377可能含有Lr16和Lr26;cp203015218可能含有Lr3、 Lr3bg、Lr11、Lr17和Lr26;cp2038432具有很好的苗期和成株期抗性,可能含有Lr16、Lr26、Lr37和其他抗叶锈基因。测试的6份小麦材料不含有Lr1、 Lr9、Lr10、Lr12、Lr19、Lr20、Lr21、Lr24、Lr28、Lr29、Lr34、Lr35、Lr38、Lr41和Lr47。结果表明,这些小麦品系中含有比较丰富的抗叶锈病基因,具有较好的抗叶锈性。 相似文献
5.
小冰麦33是一个高产、高蛋白、抗多种病害的小麦品种,并具有温敏抗叶锈性.为了明确小冰麦33所含有的温敏性抗叶锈基因,选用4个不同毒性基因组合的小麦叶锈菌生理小种在5℃/10℃(黑暗/光照)、15℃/20℃(黑暗/光照)和25℃/30℃(黑暗/光照)三个温度条件下对小冰麦33进行了温敏抗叶锈性基因推导.通过比较3个不同温度下小冰麦33与7个以Thatcher为遗传背景的小麦抗叶锈近等基因系(分别含有Lr11、Lr13、Lr14a、Lr18、Lr23、Lr34、Lr37温敏基因)对4个小麦叶锈菌生理小种的反应型模式,推导出该品种可能含有Lr18及其他新的温敏抗叶锈性基因. 相似文献
6.
叶锈病是我国小麦的重要病害,筛选抗病资源并进行遗传分析,对小麦抗叶锈病育种具有重要意义。本研究利用常规遗传和等位性测验方法,对8821-1-1和九三98-61297两个春小麦品系的抗叶锈性进行了遗传分析。两个品系分别与感病品种Thatcher杂交,获得的F1植株全部抗病,F2群体和F3家系在苗期和成株期的抗病性测定结果经卡方测验,均分别符合3抗病∶1感病及1全抗∶2抗感分离∶1全感的分离比例;两个春小麦品系相互杂交,及其与 Lr13的载体品系Manitou杂交,其F2全部抗病。说明8821-1-1和九三98-61297均含有一对显性抗叶锈病基因 Lr13,在苗期28 ℃下控制对小麦叶锈菌致病类型PHT/RP的抗性,在成株期控制对PHT/RP、PHT/RN和THT/TP致病类型等比混合菌种的抗性。在此基础上,本文对 Lr13的有效性进行了进一步评价。 相似文献
7.
为了把特异性分子标记与抗病性鉴定有效地结合起来,用含有不同抗叶锈基因的54个以Thatcher为遗传背景的近等基因系（Nearisogenic lines,NILs）对与抗叶锈基因 Lr20、 Lr28和 Lr29（ Lr29UBC和 Lr29OPY）连锁的STS、SCAR标记进行特异性验证,结果分别扩增出片段大小依次为540、378、1 000、900 bp的条带,与报道片段大小一致。同时发现与抗病基因 Lr20、 Lr29连锁的STS分子标记及与 Lr29连锁的两个SCAR标记 Lr29UBC、 Lr29OPY在NILs中特异性较好,但 Lr28的PCRSTS Lr28扩增产物不仅在其亲本中,而且在其余53个近等基因系中都扩增出与报道大小相同的378 bp的条带。验证结果表明,与抗病基因 Lr20、 Lr29连锁的STS、SCAR分子标记在NILs中特异性较好,可方便地用于小麦抗叶锈的分子标记辅助选择育种,而 Lr28的STS分子标记没有特异性,不能用于分子标记辅助选择育种。 相似文献
8.
9.
中国小麦主要抗叶锈病基因的有效性评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了给小麦抗叶锈基因的发掘和利用提供理论指导,对目前我国小麦主要抗叶锈病基因的有效性进行了评价。认为Lr1、Lr3、Lr3bg、Lr10、Lr11、Lr14a、Lr16和Lr26等基因单独应用已基本失效,但与Lr13和Lr34等合适的基因组合起来能够表现出残余的抗病作用;Lr9、Lr19、Lr24和Lr38等是典型的垂直抗病性基因,应慎重应用;虽然Lr13具有慢锈性、Lr23表现免疫,但这两个基因均对致病类型有专化性,遇到毒性致病类型时慢锈性或免疫特性均会失效。认为目前我国小麦中对叶锈病起抵抗作用的主要是Lr12、Lr13、Lr23、Lr34和Lr35等成株抗病基因、某些未知基因和水平抗病性基因。 相似文献
10.
小麦TaCTSB基因在小麦-条锈菌互作中的功能研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确小麦组织蛋白酶B基因TaCTSB在小麦与条锈菌互作中的功能,采用PCR技术扩增获得TaCTSB基因的完整编码区序列;通过qRT-PCR技术检测TaCTSB基因的表达情况;利用农杆菌介导瞬时表达体系在烟草叶片上进行亚细胞定位,并验证其是否能够诱导细胞坏死;利用VIGS技术瞬时沉默TaCTSB,解析其对小麦与条锈菌互作的影响。结果表明,TaCTSB基因编码344个氨基酸,N端含有1~19 aa的信号肽,无跨膜结构;qRT-PCR结果显示,TaCTSB基因在小麦与条锈菌非亲和互作早期上调表达。瞬时表达分析发现,烟草叶片上瞬时表达TaCTSB基因能够诱导细胞坏死,且质壁分离后TaCTSB分泌到细胞外。在TaCTSB瞬时沉默植株上接种条锈菌毒性小种CYR31,产孢量变化不显著;而接种条锈菌无毒性小种CYR23,产孢量升高;组织细胞学观察发现,在小麦叶片中瞬时沉默TaCTSB,其活性氧面积和坏死面积显著下降,菌丝面积及菌丝长度均有所增加,表明沉默TaCTSB减弱了小麦对条锈菌的抗性。 相似文献
11.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
12.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
14.
先玉335、郑单958和京科968抗虫能力的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以先玉335、郑单958、京科968为材料,以玉米螟(Ostrinia furnacalis)、黏虫(Mythimna separata)和禾谷缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi)为供试昆虫,探究玉米品系大喇叭口期对玉米螟和黏虫及抽雄期对禾谷缢管蚜抗性差异,测定其主要抗虫化合物丁布类物质的含量。结果发现,京科968对玉米螟及禾谷缢管蚜抗性均高于另外两个品系;对黏虫的抗性,郑单958和京科968高于先玉335。大喇叭口期京科968中丁布类物质含量最高,抽雄期郑单958和京科968中主要丁布成分含量均高于先玉335,上述组织中丁布合成相关基因在郑单958及京科968中的表达量也均高于先玉335。本研究揭示杂交玉米抗虫性与抗性相关化合物含量及其相关基因表达间存在正向相关关系,为抗虫玉米分子育种提供理论参考。 相似文献
15.
Summary The viability of five pathogens was decreased by treatment with hot water when tested in vitro.Polyscytalum pustulans was most sensitive andRhizoctonia solani least sensitive.
Potato tubers were exposed to 55°C for 5 min in a commercial continuous hot water treatment plant using naturally contaminated
seed tubers and tubers which had been inoculated by dipping in comminuted cultures. The frequency of eyes colonised byP. pustulans, Helminthosporium solani, andR. solani was reduced to virtually zero and the effect persisted on tubers subsequently stored at 4°C and at 15°C for up to 16 wk.
Results withColletotrichum coccodes were inconclusive. Treatment suppressedPenicillium spp. which, however, rapidly recolonised the eyes during storage, leading to higher contamination levels in the treated than
in the untreated tubers. With tubers inoculated withPhoma foveata, good control was achieved when the incubation period before treatment was 10 d but not when the period was 42 d. 相似文献
16.
David Gramaje ngeles Aroca Rosa Raposo Jos García-Jimnez Josep Armengol 《Crop Protection》2009,28(12):1091-1097
The efficacy of fourteen selected fungicides against Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum was evaluated in vitro by mycelial growth and conidial germination assays. Azoxystrobin, carbendazim and tebuconazole were the most effective fungicides against P. chlamydospora, while carbendazim and didecyldimethylammonium chloride were the most effective against P. aleophilum. An assay was also conducted with cubiet, hydroxyquinoline sulphate and didecyldimethylammonium chloride to determine their potential to prevent infections caused by these pathogens during the hydration stage in grapevine propagation. The results of this experiment demonstrated that P. chlamydospora and P. aleophilum were able to infect healthy cuttings during the hydration stage and showed that didecyldimethylammonium chloride was consistently the best treatment as a disinfectant soak for grapevine cuttings. Additionally, semi-commercial trials were conducted in two grapevine nurseries to evaluate the effectiveness of several strategies with carbendazim, flusilazole and hydroxyquinoline sulphate at different nursery stages. Soaking planting material in carbendazim during the hydration stage was the most effective treatment since neither P. chlamydospora nor P. aleophilum were isolated from planting material in either nursery. 相似文献
17.
Summary Tubers of clones from a diploid hybrid population ofSolanum phureja andS. stenotomum were screened for resistance to tuber soft rot caused by strains ofErwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica (Eca),E. carotovora subsp.carotovora (Ecc) andE. chrysanthemi (Ech). Significant, positive correlations between resistance to the different strains and species were observed, indicating
that screening for resistance to tuber soft rot could be accomplished by using just one of the three pathogens. Strains of
Ecc and Ech were found to be much more virulent than strains of Eca. Inoculating with Ecc and Ech resulted in more distinct
differences among susceptible, moderately resistant and resistant clones than inoculating with Eca. 相似文献
18.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
19.
核氧还蛋白（nucleoredoxin,NRX）可通过还原目标蛋白的二硫键来调控其生物活性,在植物的生长发育和抗逆境胁迫中发挥着重要作用。蛋白质二硫键异构酶（protein disulfide isomerase,PDI）、h型硫氧还蛋白（h-type thioredoxin,TRXh）和蛋白磷酸酶2A催化亚基（protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit,PP2Ac）是小麦核氧还蛋白TaNRX1的互作蛋白。为了明确TaNRX1互作蛋白的抗旱性功能,本研究在拟南芥中过表达了小麦 TaPDI-A、 TaTRXh-A和 TaPP2Ac-D基因,对野生型和转基因拟南芥的表型和抗旱相关生理指标进行了鉴定。结果表明,干旱胁迫处理后,转 TaPDI-A、 TaTRXh-A和 TaPP2Ac-D基因拟南芥的根长、存活率、脯氨酸含量均大于野生型,离体叶片失水率、丙二醛（MAD）含量均小于野生型。二氨基联苯胺（diaminobenzidine,DAB）对H2O2组织定位染色结果表明,干旱胁迫处理后,转 TaPDI-A、 TaTRXh-A和 TaPP2Ac-D基因拟南芥的H2O2含量均低于野生型。上述结果说明,TaNRX1的互作蛋白基因 TaPDI-A、 TaTRXh-A和 TaPP2Ac-D增强了拟南芥对于干旱胁迫的抵抗能力。本研究可为小麦抗旱育种提供候选基因和理论基础。 相似文献
20.
采用网格式取样200株玉米,整株剖秆调查亚洲玉米螟、桃蛀螟和棉铃虫在玉米上的数量,用地统计学的方法分析和模拟它们在田间的水平分布;采用生态位理论分析3种害虫在玉米植株上的生态位和种间竞争。结果表明,亚洲玉米螟、桃蛀螟和3种鳞翅目害虫整体在玉米田中的水平分布分别适合球形、高斯、球形模型拟合,均属于聚集分布。Kriging插值模拟图显示,亚洲玉米螟和桃蛀螟为核心分布型;在垂直分布上,雌穗上3种害虫数量最多,占总虫量的69.82%。亚洲玉米螟的基础生态位宽度最大,在整株玉米上都可危害;桃蛀螟则主要在玉米中、上部;棉铃虫基础生态位最窄,只在雌穗附近危害。3种害虫在玉米茎秆上种间竞争激烈,异种害虫无法共存;雌穗上种间竞争程度小于茎秆,异种害虫可以共存。 相似文献