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白哈斯 《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2007,(10):58-60
采用跟群放牧全日观察法,研究了小尾寒羊的行为习性。结果表明,昼夜行为活动以卧息时间最长,其次为发刍和采食时间。昼夜采食时间为292.1min;昼夜反刍时间为367.1min,夜间的反刍周期数、反刍食团数、每个食团的咀嚼次数和时间均多于白天。 相似文献
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甘南玛曲夏季牧场欧拉型藏羊牧食行为的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究甘南玛曲夏季牧场草地状况对欧拉型藏羊牧食行为的影响,根据草地植被特征,通过野外调查了解甘南玛曲夏季牧场的草地状况,并采用跟踪观测的方法对欧拉型藏羊的牧食行为进行观察。结果表明:在夏季草场的昼采食时间最长(约450 min),游走时间较长(约80 min);反刍和站立时间基本相近,分别为32 min和28 min;夏季牧场白天的卧息时间非常少,约8 min。采食时间与地上生物量和牧草盖度成正相关(r=0.782, 0.902; P>0.05);昼反刍时间与牧草高度成极显著正相关(r=0.995; P<0.01);昼卧息时间与地上生物量成极显著负相关(r=-0.9994; P<0.01);昼站立时间与牧草高度成显著正相关(r=0.989; P<0.05),与牧草盖度成极显著负相关(r=-0.995; P<0.01);昼游走时间与牧草盖度成负相关(r=-0.905; P>0.05)。随牧草高度的增加,欧拉型藏羊的昼采食时间呈下降趋势,但采食时间占放牧时间的71.4%;由于夏季牧场牧草幼嫩多汁,欧拉型藏羊采食牧草后的反刍和卧息行为较少。 相似文献
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对舍饲状态下的德国美利奴羊反复进行昼夜24 h连续观测。结果表明:德国美利奴羊昼夜采食时间为424.88±44.86(min),反刍时间为626.12±7.87(min),睡眠时间为188.50±43.28(min)。采食、反刍多集中于白天,采食、反刍、睡眠三者时间之比为2.25∶3.32∶1。 相似文献
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贵州黑山羊秋季牧食行为观察 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在秋季全放牧条件下,对体况相近、健康无病的10只贵州黑山羊的放牧行为进行昼夜跟踪观察。结果表明:贵州黑山羊昼夜反刍时间最长,为445 min,占昼夜24 h的30.9%,其中夜间反刍时间占全天反刍时间的73.2%,而采食、运动、静立、睡眠的时间分别为297.25、325.17、63.22、244.59 min;采食时间、运动时间均为白天大于夜间,而反刍时间、卧息时间和静立时间则是夜间大于白天,反刍与采食时间比为1.5︰1,昼夜反刍总食团数为个293.04个;该品种羊耐粗饲,采食快,攀爬能力强,对各种气候条件有良好的适应能力。 相似文献
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沿河山羊冬季放牧习性和舍饲行为规律观测研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对沿河山羊放牧习性观察发现,在全天10h的放牧活动中,游走88.74min±5.51min,采食327.33min±25.16min,站立69.40min±4.73min,躺卧41.52min±4.07min,反刍37.62min±2.93min,彷徨30.53min±3.58min,排泄2.05min±0.27min,饮水2.81min±1.07min,分别占放牧活动时间的14.79%、54.56%、11.57%、6.92%、6.27%、5.09%、0.34%和0.47%。对沿河山羊舍饲行为观测,结果表明在昼夜24小时内,采食387.21min±27.09min,反刍456.91min±25.77min,站立138.75min±16.41min,卧息(含睡眠)368.76min±19.35min,走动80.74min±15.21min,排泄3.73min±0.35min,饮水3.90min±0.57min,分别占昼夜活动时间的26.89%、31.73%、9.64%、25.61%、5.61%、0.92%和0.27%,采食、站立、走动时间白昼极显著多于夜间(P<0.01),而反刍、卧息时间则夜间极显著多于白昼(P<0.01),R∶G值为1.18。在放牧条件,用计数法估测得山羊每只日均采食青草量2.60kg±0.35kg,折合风干物0.65kg±0.06kg,分别占山羊体重的8.24%和2.06%;在满足饲草供应的情况下,舍饲山羊每只日均有效采食鲜草量为4.46kg±0.52kg,折合风干物质1.12kg±0.13kg,分别占山羊体重的14.14%和3.55%。 相似文献
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波尔山羊舍饲行为观测研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对6只带羔健康成年母羊在春季舍饲条件下的行为进行了昼夜跟踪观测.结果表明,波尔山羊成年母羊昼夜采食202.00±8.49 min,反刍380.67±46.73 min,卧息474.17±87.16 min,站立285.20±43.71 min.采食和站立时间,排粪尿、游走、探究、争斗和嬉戏次数均为白昼大于夜间,而反刍和卧息时间则是夜间大于白昼.反刍与采食时间之比为1.88∶1.00,昼夜反刍总食团数354.25±3.35个.母性较强,少争斗.此外,波尔山羊还有啃吃异物、打喷嚏、咳嗽、瘙痒等异常行为. 相似文献
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对6只带羔健康成年母羊在春季舍饲条件下的行为进行了昼夜跟踪观测。结果表明,波尔山羊成年母羊昼夜采食202.00±8.49min,反刍380.67±46.73min,卧息474.17±87.16min,站立285.20±43.71min。采食和站立时间,排粪尿、游走、探究、争斗和嬉戏次数均为白昼大于夜间,而反刍和卧息时间则是夜间大于白昼。反刍与采食时间之比为1.88∶1.00,昼夜反刍总食团数354.25±3.35个。母性较强,少争斗。此外,波尔山羊还有啃吃异物、打喷嚏、咳嗽、瘙痒等异常行为。 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
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A knowledge of the microbiological status of milk and of the different structures in the mammary glands has great importance
in elucidating the pathogenesis of mammary gland infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological
status of various structures in the mammary glands from naturally infected dairy cows following slaughter. A total of 94 samples
of milk, 184 samples of mammary parenchyma, 168 samples of gland cisterns, and 168 samples of teat cisterns were collected
for microbiological examination. Microorganisms were detected in 59.9% of all samples, 67.0% of the milk samples, 70.1% of
the mammary parenchymas, 55.9% of the gland cisterns and 48.8% of the teat cistern samples. When all samples were considered,
coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the most prevalent (35.7%) followed by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (12.2%), Corynebacterium bovis (2.4%), Prototheca sp. (1.9%), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1.5%). There was a significantly higher occurrence of microorganisms in the milk and mammary parenchyma compared to the
gland cisterns and teat cisterns.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Four grass plots were sequentially contaminated with goat faeces containing known numbers of unembryonated eggs of predominantly Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. between October 1982 and April 1983. Four other plots were similarly contaminated with sheep faeces between February and May 1987. An additional plot was repeatedly contaminated with sheep faeces from February to April 1987. Populations of free-living stages in faeces and of infective larvae (L3) in the herbage were subsequently monitored until the end of April and June of 1983 and 1987 respectively. During February and May 1987 two control cultures of sheep faeces were incubated in the laboratory at 25°C–30°C and at a constant temperature of 50°C and the free-living development was also monitored. L3 developed very readily in the faeces cultured at 25°C–30°C and in those spread on a grass plot in October, at the end of the wet season, but developed less on the plot contaminated in May at the start of the wet season. Worm eggs in faeces deposited on plots during the hot dry season (December to April) or incubated at 50°C died and disintegrated after 24–48 h exposure to the high environmental temperatures. The results indicate that it is unlikely that gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats can develop or survive on open pasture during the dry season in the Nigerian derived savanna zone. 相似文献
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Acute phase proteins in dogs naturally infected with the Giant Kidney Worm (Dioctophyme renale) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Elizabeth M. S. Schmidt Mads Kjelgaard‐Hansen Funmilola Thomas Asta Tvarijonaviciute José J. Cerón P. David Eckersall 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2016,45(4):657-664