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1.
The transference of immunoglobulins from six New Zealand Romney ewes to their lambs was examined. Immunoglobulin levels were determined in ewe plasma, colostrum and lamb plasma shortly after birth and before the lambs fed, in lamb plasma 2 days after birth, and lamb plasma, ewe plasma and milk 30 days after parturition. Levels of total IgE, and IgE, IgG1, IgG2, IgM, and IgA with specificity for Trichostronglus colubriformis third stage larval secretory/excretory products (TcL3E/S) were determined. Mean levels of total IgE were three times higher in colostrum than in parturient ewe plasma while only trace amounts were detected in milk at 30 days after birth (107.7, 34.3, and 0.2U ml(-1), respectively, differences between means P< or =0.01). Mean total IgE in lamb plasma rose from being undetectable before suckling to levels comparable to those of the ewes by 2 days after birth (21.7U ml(-1)) and then declined to low levels by 30 days (0.4U ml(-1)). Total IgE levels in lamb plasma were significantly correlated with levels in ewe plasma and colostrum (r=0.91, P< or =0.01; r=0.96, P< or =0.003, respectively). The transference of TcL3E/S-specific IgE, IgG1 and IgA was substantial with mean levels of these antibodies in lamb plasma at 2 days comparable to that in parturient ewe plasma (absorbance levels in lamb plasma of 0.283, 0.537, and 0.334, respectively). Proportionally less maternal IgM and IgG2 appeared to be transferred to the lambs (absorbance of 0.112 and 0.081, respectively). Levels of TcL3E/S-specific IgE and IgG1 in lamb plasma at 2 days were significantly correlated with levels in parturient ewe plasma and colostrum (r=0.89 and 0.82, 0.85 and 0.96; all P< or =0.05, respectively). These results indicate that IgE is concentrated in ewe colostrum and that substantial amounts of maternal IgE are transferred to lambs via colostrum. Further, the results suggest that humoral immunity against gastro-intestinal nematode parasites and potentially other parasites in colostrum-fed lambs may approximate that of the ewe. The implications of the transference of humoral immunity through colostrum in ruminants for the passive protection and the development of active immunity against parasites remains to be fully explored.  相似文献   

2.
The sera of 188 lambs from seven breed groups were analyzed for the concentrations of IgG1, IgG2, IgM and IgA by radial immunodiffusion using monospecific antibodies. From each lamb, 14 blood samples were drawn before and 5 samples after weaning. The following results were obtained: 1. Immunoglobulins could not be detected in sera drawn before the first intake of colostrum. 2. In normally suckling lambs, the peak concentrations of maternal immunoglobulins are attained at 0-18 hrs after birth. They can be assessed in a single blood sample drawn between 18 and 24 hrs. 3. The half-life times of maternal immunoglobulin in lamb sera are 11 days for IgG1, 7 days for IgG2, 6 days for IgM and 18 hours for IgA. 4. The absolute peak heights relate to the amounts of colostrum ingested before 12-18 hrs after birth. 5. The decline of maternal immunoglobulins in lamb sera over-laps with the onset of lamb immunoglobulin synthesis. Renewed rises of concentrations are observed for IgG2 after week 2, for IgM after week 3 and for IgG1 after week 7. The concentrations of IgA remain at the low levels characteristic for the serum of grown sheep. 6. The role of immunoglobulin synthesis in suckling lambs is only briefly and to a small extent reduced after weaning.  相似文献   

3.
Fifty-two Targhee twin-bearing ewes were used in a factorial arrangement of treatments to investigate the role of supplemental vitamin E (vit E); 0 (NE) vs 400 IU of vit E x ewe x (-1)d(-1) (E) and parainfluenza type 3 (PI3) vaccination; none (NP) vs PI3 vaccination (P) in immune function. Parainfluenza type 3 vaccination was used to evoke an immune response. Ewes receiving PI3 were vaccinated at 49 and 21 d before the expected lambing date. Ewes receiving vit E were orally dosed daily, 32 to 0 d before lambing. Blood was collected from ewes at the time of the initial PI3 vaccination and 4 h postpartum. Blood was collected from lambs (n = 104) at 3 d postpartum. Ewe and lamb sera were analyzed for anti-PI3 antibody titers, immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers, and vit E concentrations. Colostrum was collected 4 h postpartum and analyzed for IgG. The model for ewe and lamb analysis included the main effects of vit E and PI3, sex (lambs model only), and their interactions. No interactions were detected (P > 0.20) for any ewe or lamb variables. Serum anti-PI3 titers were greater (P < 0.01) in P ewes and their lambs than NP ewes and their lambs. Serum vit E concentrations were greater (P < 0.01) in E ewes and their lambs than NE ewes and their lambs. Colostral IgG titers and serum anti-PI3 titers did not differ (P > 0.20) between E and NE ewes. Serum IgG titers in E ewes and their lambs did not differ (P > 0.15) from IgG titers in NE ewes and their lambs. Lamb anti-PI3 titers did not differ (P = 0.76) between lambs reared by E and NE ewes. These results indicate that, although supplemental vit E to the ewe increased lamb serum vit E concentration, it had no effect on measures used in this study to assess humoral immunity in the ewe or passive immunity to the lamb.  相似文献   

4.
The response of specific serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM and IgA) and the major antigens of Cryptosporidium parvum recognized by these isotypes were investigated by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot techniques in lambs and ewes naturally infected throughout an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis. Serum samples were collected from 20 lambs the first day they showed diarrhoea (D1), and Days 11 and 22, in addition to single serum samples from 17 of their dams. Serum anti-C. parvum IgG, IgM and/or IgA antibodies were detected in lambs as early as Day 1. Levels of IgM antibodies remained steady from D1 to D11 and increased at D22, whereas the IgG response decreased from D1 to D11 and subsequently increased. In contrast, IgA antibodies rapidly fell from D1 and all lambs were seronegative at D11 and D22. The highest levels of specific antibodies were detected in sera from ewes. In fact, all ewes were seropositives for IgM and IgA isotypes and most (16/17) showed positive levels of IgG. Four protein fractions (37-39, 42-48, 51-57 and 60-69 kDa) were the most frequently recognized by IgG and IgM from lamb sera. A low molecular weight fraction (12-14 kDa) reacting with IgG and IgA in most lamb sera was scarcely recognized by IgM and three broad bands were frequently recognized by IgA antibodies (23-25, 51-57 and 90-95 kDa). The recognition pattern of 23-25 kDa peptides by IgA from lamb sera clearly increased with the age. Peptides of 42-48, 51-57, 60-69 and 71-78 kDa were most frequently recognized by IgG and IgM from ewe sera. In relation to IgA antibodies from ewe sera, a frequent immunoreactivity was found with proteins in the intervals between 12 and 22 kDa as well as between 32 and 34 kDa and practically all sera reacted with fractions from 42 to 95 kDa.  相似文献   

5.
Breeding ewes were immunised with clostridial vaccine using different inoculation schedules. Results, showing differences in the class of antibody produced, were heavily dependent on the vaccination regime used. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels were significantly lower in ewes given double doses of vaccine compared to ewes given a single inoculation or no treatment at all (P less than 0.01). Neonatal lambs showed significant de novo IgM production with interference in this antibody production in the lambs of ewes vaccinated with the clostridial vaccine (P less than 0.05). Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) levels were significantly increased in all lambs which had mothers vaccinated with the clostridial vaccine prior to or during pregnancy (P less than 0.025). The greatest quantity of IgG1 was transferred to lambs when their mothers were given a double injection with primary inoculation prior to conception and booster prepartum (P less than 0.025). No antigen specific immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) was detected in the lambs. Ewes were also immunised with BSA and their isotype specific serum antibody response was compared with their respective lambs. There was no detectable anti-BSA IgM in the lambs of all groups of ewes though specific IgG1 antibodies could be readily detected in the lambs of hyperimmunised ewes. The efficiency of transfer was related directly to the ability of the adjuvant to maximise IgG1 production in the ewe. Although immunised ewes produced high levels of IgG2, this was not transferred passively to the lamb.  相似文献   

6.
Newborn lambs (n = 45) at the Agricultural Research Institute of Northern Ireland were fed either 50 grams of commercial lamb milk replacer or 50 grams of commercial colostrum replacer (bovine origin) in 200 ml of water four times during the first 24 hours of life or were given ad libitum access to the ewe. Total plasma protein at 24 hours of age was highest in lambs allowed to suckle the ewe (76.9 g/L). However, by 14 days of age, there were no differences in plasma protein levels among the three treatments. Bovine IgG was measured in lambs fed colostrum replacer and ovine IgG was measured in other lambs. Mean plasma IgG concentrations at 24 hours of age were 0.7 (milk replacer), 18.0 (colostrum replacer), and 26.6 (dam's milk) g/L. Bovine IgG administered orally to newborn lambs was adequately absorbed, and circulating IgG concentrations were sufficiently maintained throughout this study.  相似文献   

7.
To investigate the influence of maternal Se supply and plane of nutrition on lamb morbidity, mortality, and passive transfer of IgG, pregnant ewe lambs were used in 2 experiments with 2 × 3 factorial treatment arrangements. Supplementation of Se began at breeding and was either adequate Se (ASe, 9.5 μg/kg of BW) or high Se (HSe, 81.8 μg/kg of BW) in Exp. 1 or ASe (11.5 μg/kg of BW) or HSe (77.0 μg/kg of BW) in Exp. 2. On d 50 or 40 of gestation for Exp. 1 or 2, respectively, ewes were assigned randomly to 1 of 3 nutritional planes: 60% (RES), 100% (control, CON), or 140% (HI) of NRC requirements. This resulted in the following treatments: ASe-RES, ASe-CON, ASe-HI, HSe-RES, HSe-CON, and HSe-HI. Upon parturition, lambs were separated from their dams and serum samples obtained. Lambs were fed artificial colostrum for the first 20 h and then placed on milk replacer and grain pellets until completion of the study (Exp. 1, 57 d; Exp. 2, 21 d). Twenty-four hours after parturition, lamb serum samples were collected for IgG analysis. All lambs were reared similarly and morbidity and mortality assessed. Main effects were considered significant when P ≤ 0.05. In Exp. 1, there was a Se × plane of nutrition interaction (P ≤ 0.01) for lamb morbidity from birth to weaning and for 24-h IgG concentration. Lambs from ASe-RES and HSe-HI ewes were treated more frequently (P < 0.01) for respiratory and gastrointestinal disease, and lambs from HSe-HI ewes had the smallest (P < 0.01) 24-h serum IgG concentration. In Exp. 1, lambs from HI ewes also had the greatest (P < 0.01) mortality rates from birth to weaning compared with lambs from CON and RES ewes. In Exp. 2, there was an effect (P < 0.01) of maternal plane of nutrition with lambs from RES ewes having increased 24-h IgG compared with lambs from CON and HI ewes. There was no effect of maternal Se supplementation on lamb 24-h IgG in Exp. 2; however, there was a Se × plane of nutrition interaction (P < 0.01) for morbidity. From birth to 21 d of age, lambs from ASe-CON ewes had fewer (P < 0.01) treatment days compared with lambs from any of the other treatment groups. There also tended (P = 0.08) to be an effect of maternal Se supplementation on lamb mortality with increased mortality observed in lambs from HSe ewes. Results from the studies show a restricted maternal plane of nutrition can increase lamb serum IgG concentration. Selenium results were not consistent between the 2 experiments and may be due to differences in maternal Se.  相似文献   

8.
Background: Plasma transfusions have been used clinically in the management of neonates with failure of passive transfer. No studies have evaluated the effect of IV serum transfusions on serum IgG concentrations in dairy calves with inadequate transfer of passive immunity.
Hypothesis: A commercially available serum product will increase serum immunoglobulin concentration in calves with inadequate transfer of colostral immunoglobulins.
Animals: Thirty-two Jersey and Jersey-Holstein cross calves with inadequate colostral transfer of immunoglobulins (serum total protein <5.0 g/L).
Methods: Thirty-two calves were randomly assigned to either control (n = 15) or treated (n = 17) groups. Treated calves received 0.5 L of a pooled serum product IV. Serum IgG concentrations before and after serum transfusion were determined by radial immunodiffusion.
Results: Serum protein concentrations increased from time 0 to 72 hours in both control and transfused calves and the difference was significant between the control and treatment groups ( P < .001). Mean pre- and posttreatment serum IgG concentrations in control and transfused calves did not differ significantly. Median serum IgG concentrations decreased from 0 to 72 hours by 70 mg/dL in control calves and increased over the same time interval in transfused calves by 210 mg/dL. The difference was significant between groups ( P < .001). The percentage of calves that had failure of immunoglobulin transfer 72 hours after serum transfusion was 82.4%.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Serum administration at the dosage reported did not provide adequate serum IgG concentrations in neonatal calves with inadequate transfer of colostral immunoglobulins.  相似文献   

9.
A total of 103 ewes from the breeds Black mutt., Texel, Finn. L., Heidschnucke and the crossbreeds Texel x Finn. L. and Black. mutt. x Finn. L. was studied. Blood samples were drawn at days 1, 7, 21 and 42 and milk samples at the 4th, 12th, 24th and 72nd hour after the onset of lactation and subsequently on days 7, 21 and 42. The concentrations of the immunoglobulins IgG1, IgG2, IgM and IgA were assayed in serum and milk. The following results were obtained: 1. The total immunoglobulin contents in the serum was not significantly different between breeds. 2. All ewes showed a rise in serum immunoglobulin concentrations by about one third over the first six weeks of lactation. Between 50-60% of this increase were on the account of IgG1. 3. The serum concentration of IgG1 and IgG1 rose as of the third day, those of IgM as of day 21 after lambing. 4. The rise in serum immunoglobulin concentration continued after the weaning of the lambs. 5. The ratio of IgG1 to IgG1 in ewe serum was 2:1. 6. The immunoglobulin concentration in milk dropped sharply on the first day of lactation, followed by a continuous, more gradual decrease over the entire course of lactation. A terminal rise, as observed in sows, could not be detected. 7. The ratio of IgG1:IgG2 : IgM : IgA in the whey changed from 85 : 1 : 12 : 2 on day one to 70 : 7 : 12 : 11 on the last day of lactation. 8. While characteristic trends in immunoglobulin patterns in the sera of ewes over the course of lactation are clearly discernible, it is not possible to denote "normal" values.  相似文献   

10.
Neonatal-lamb mortality represents an economic loss and welfare concern. Two factors often associated with the risk of mortality are birth-weight and serum immunoglobulin concentration. We used data from two studies to investigate risk factors for mortality between 2 and 14 days of age and factors affecting birth-weight and serum immunoglobulin concentration at 48 h of age. Dataset 1 included 1339 lambs born on eight farms during the 1995 spring lambing season; dataset 2 included 3172 lambs on seven farms during the 1991 spring lambing season. To account for some of the potential clustering within the data, multilevel models were used. Most (>75%) of the variation in the risk of mortality was at the lamb level. In dataset 1, factors significantly associated with increased odds of lamb mortality included low birth-weight and low serum immunoglobulin concentration. In dataset 2, significant risk factors for mortality included low birth-weight, ewe body-condition score, being born late in the season (relative to other lambs on the farm) and being born in multiple litters. There was a significant interaction between the effects of litter size and birth-weight. (Serum immunoglobulin concentration was not available for dataset 2.) More than half of the variation in birth-weight was at the ewe level, 27% at the lamb level, and 18% at the farm level (dataset 1). Single birth and being male were associated with increased birth-weight in both datasets. In dataset 2 only, increasing ewe condition score and birth early in the study period were also associated with increased birth-weight. Fifty-six percent of the variation in immunoglobulin concentration was at the lamb level, 36% at the ewe level and only 7% at the farm level. Factors associated with reduced serum immunoglobulin concentration included early or late birth in the lambing season, being born later than 14 days after the first lamb born on the farm, multiple-birth litters and maternal mastitis.  相似文献   

11.
A 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with 78 mature ewes was used to evaluate the effects of supplementing the pregnant ewe's diet with high levels of minerals and vitamin E on immunoglobulin G (IgG) absorption by the lamb and whether any altered efficacy of IgG absorption was due to the colostrum or to the lamb. The ewes were estrus-synchronized in October and housed in wk 10 of gestation. In the final 7 wk of gestation, a grass silage-based diet, offered ad libitum, was supplemented with 500 g of a 19% CP concentrate, and from 1 wk later until lambing, half the ewes was offered 48 g of a mineral/vitamin supplement containing 6.5 g of Ca, 4.9 g of P, 5.9 g of Mg, 4.0 g of Na, 790 mg of Zn, 3.5 mg of Se, 40 mg of I, 200 mg of Mn, 20 mg of Co, and 40 IU of vitamin E. At birth, the lambs were allocated to one of four treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, with lamb origin and colostrum origin as the two factors. The lambs born to ewes not offered the mineral supplement were fed colostrum obtained from their own dams or from ewes in the mineral-supplemented treatment, whereas lambs born to ewes given supplemental minerals were fed colostrum obtained either from their dams or from ewes in the control treatment. The ewes were milked at 1, 10, and 18 h postpartum and the lambs were fed using a stomach tube. A 5-mL blood sample was taken from each lamb at 24 h postpartum for IgG analysis. The level of fecal adhesion to the upper tail/rump area of the lamb was subjectively scored at 72 h postpartum. There was no difference in gestation length, lamb birth weight, colostrum yield, or IgG production (P = 0.16 to 0.82). When ewes were fed supplemental minerals, the serum IgG content of the progeny was lower than in their control counterparts (6.8 vs. 16.1 g/L; P < 0.001), regardless of whether the lamb received colostrum from ewes with or without access to supplementary minerals. The difference in serum IgG concentrations at 24 h postpartum was a direct reflection of a compromised efficiency in IgG absorption. The progeny of ewes with access to minerals had higher (P < 0.05) levels of fecal adhesion, which was not related to the origin of the colostrum, indicating altered digestive function in these lambs. We conclude, using the sheep as a model, that high mineral intakes in late pregnancy not only lower serum IgG concentrations in the lamb, but also that high mineral intakes result in the neonate being preprogrammed at birth so that it is born with a compromised ability to absorb colostral IgG.  相似文献   

12.
Presuckle colostral samples and lamb serum samples taken 36 h postpartum were assayed for immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) concentration (mg/ml) using single radial immunodiffusion. Breeds sampled included Polypay (P), Rambouillet (R), Targhee (T), Columbia (C), Finnish Landrace (F) and Finn crosses (Fx). Sources of variation examined in IgG1 concentration in colostrum (dam trait) included dam's sire breed, dam's sire, age of ewe and number of lambs born. All sources of variation were statistically significant. Least-squares means of IgG1 levels for sire breed were 80, 64, 67, 64, 72 and 69 mg/ml for P, R, T, C, F and Fx breed groups, respectively. A fetal stimulus may exist to increase the mass of IgG1 in colostrum available for multiple births (61, 69 and 77 mg/ml for single, twin and triplet, respectively). Ewe age was a significant source of variation because of a high mean concentration of IgG1 in the yearling's colostrum (100 mg/ml), whereas only slight differences occurred between the other age groups (65 to 67 mg/ml), except for the 7-yr older group (53 mg/ml). Sources of variation examined in IgG1 concentration of lamb serum at 36 h postpartum (lamb trait) included lamb's sire breed, lamb's sire, age of dam, birth type and sex, with dam's colostral IgG1 concentration and day born as covariates. Sire within breed, birth type and the two covariates were significant. Least squares means for sire breed were 36, 32, 33, 32, 31 and 32 mg/ml of serum for P, R, T, C, F and Fx groups, respectively. Lamb serum IgG1 decreased as birth type increased. The heritability of IgG1, estimated by paternal half-sib analyses, was .19 +/- .12 for colostrum and .18 +/- .06 for lamb serum.  相似文献   

13.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of passive transfer status, determined by measuring serum IgG concentration 24 hours after parturition, on preweaning growth performance in dairy lambs. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. ANIMALS: 20 healthy Sardinian dairy lambs. PROCEDURES: Serum IgG concentration was measured 24 hours after birth. Body weight was measured at birth and at the time of weaning 28 days (ie, 27 to 29 days) after birth. Mean daily gain from birth to day 28 and day 28 weight were used as measures of preweaning growth performance. Regression analysis was used to evaluate associations between serum IgG concentration 24 hours after birth and measures of preweaning growth performance. RESULTS: Mean +/- SD serum IgG concentration 24 hours after birth was 24.6 +/- 17.5 mg/mL. Mean body weights at birth and weaning were 2,696 +/- 937 g and 9,253 +/- 2,116 g, respectively, and mean daily gain was 234 +/- 63 g/d. No significant association was detected between serum IgG concentration 24 hours after birth and birth weight. However, serum IgG concentration 24 hours after birth was significantly associated with mean daily gain (R(2) = 0.25). Each 1 mg/mL increase in serum IgG concentration 24 hours after birth was associated with a 1.8 g/d increase in mean daily gain and a 60.8-g increase in day 28 weight. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicated that passive transfer status, determined as serum IgG concentration 24 hours after birth, was a significant source of variation in preweaning growth performance in dairy lambs.  相似文献   

14.
Six nonpregnant ewes were induced to lactate by an exogenous hormone treatment lasting 6 weeks. At the end of the treatment one alien lamb was adopted by each ewe. Each ewe was initially indifferent to the alien lamb and required only mild restraint to allow the lambs to suck successfully. Maternal interest subsequently increased and strong ewe-lamb bonding was evident by 80 minutes (n=l), 10 hours (n=4) or 24 hours (n=l) in different cases. The lambs required supplementary milk for 4–6 days while milk production by the ewes increased to adequate levels. Thereafter they were reared entirely by the ewes. Another four nonpregnant ewes were induced to lactate by a similar hormone treatment and were then hand-milked thrice daily for 2-3 weeks. One alien lamb was then introduced to each ewe. All four ewes were aggressive towards the lambs which were removed after 10–30 minutes. The ewes were then injected subcu- taneously with 5 mg of oestradiol-17β and were placed in fostering stocks. After a further 3–5 hours the lambs were re-introduced. Strong ewe-lamb bonding occurred during the subsequent 10 hours in all cases. All 10 lambs were reared successfully by these ewes until at least 3 months of age, when observations stopped. It was concluded firstly that nonpregnant ewes induced to lactate artificially will adopt and rear orphan lambs successfully, provided that additional milk is given to meet shortfalls during the first 4–6 days; and secondly that a 5 mg injection of oestradiol-17β may facilitate fostering of lambs by ewes in established lactation whether the lactation is induced artificially or not.  相似文献   

15.
Reproductive performance and lamb viability in cobalt sufficient and subclinically deficient ewes, and from ewes experiencing repletion from and depletion into cobalt deficiency, were investigated in two experiments. The sheep were fed a cobalt deficient ration and supplementation was by oral dose according to treatment. The treatments had a significant effect (P less than 0.001) on ewe serum vitamin B12 and methylmalonic acid concentrations. There were no significant effects on ewe liveweight, condition score or conception rate. Cobalt deficient ewes produced fewer lambs and had more stillbirths and neonatal mortalities than cobalt sufficient controls. Lambs from deficient ewes were slower to start suckling (P less than 0.05), had reduced concentrations of serum immunoglobulin G and zinc sulphate turbidity levels (P less than 0.05), and had lower serum vitamin B12 and higher methylmalonic acid concentrations (P less than 0.05), than lambs from cobalt sufficient dams. Cobalt supplementation in either the first or second half of pregnancy only did not fully alleviate these adverse effects.  相似文献   

16.
This study assessed the effects of suckled sucrose and parenteral carprofen treatment on behavioural measurements of discomfort and serum haptoglobin concentration in lambs following rubber ring castration and/or tail docking. Twenty-eight male and 20 ewe lambs were allocated to either a male or ewe lamb control group (n=4) or to one of three male and two ewe lamb treatment groups (n=8). Male lambs in one treatment group received carprofen subcutaneously (0.5 mg/kg) 30 minutes before castration and docking. Lambs in all other treatment groups suckled sucrose or colostrum immediately before castration and/or tail docking. Behavioural measurements of discomfort were made following castration or tail docking in treatment groups and also in control animals which were not castrated or tail docked. Blood sampling of animals in treatment groups for analysis of serum haptoglobin, an acute phase protein used as an indicator of an acute inflammatory response, was performed before castration or docking and at 24 and 48 hours after castration or docking. Control lambs were blood sampled at 0, 24 and 48 hours following behavioural assessment Neither suckled sucrose nor carprofen treatment altered discomfort behaviour associated with castration or tail docking. Haptoglobin levels following castration or tail docking remained close to the detection limits of the assay and were similar to those recorded in control animals.  相似文献   

17.
Total serum protein levels, serum protein fraction levels, and specific serum immunoglobulin class or subclass levels were measured in colostrum-fed (CF) and colostrum-deprived (CD) calves during the first 144 hours after birth. Total serum protein values increased at 24 hours in the CF group and then decreased slightly at 144 hours. The increase in total serum protei5) in beta1-, beta2-, and gamma-globulins. The beta2- and gamma-globulin levels decreased by 144 hours, while the serum level of beta1-globulin continued to increase. The CD calves exhibited a significant decrease (P less than 0.05) in total serum protein at 24 hours, folhours, the level of beta1-globulin inlowed by a significant increase (P less than 0.05) at 144 hours. At 24 hours, the level of beta1-globulin decreased slightly, and the level of beta2- and gamma-globulins increased slightly. At 144 creased, and the level of gamma-globulin decreased. The beta2-globulin level did not change. At birth, immunoglobulin (Ig) M was detected in 5 of the 10 calves, IgG1 in 6 of the 10 calves, and IgG2 in 3 of the 10 calves. By 24 hours after birth, all CF calves had detectable levels of IgM, IgG1, and IgG2, and there were significant increases (P less than 0.01) in the mean serum levels of all 3 immunoglobulins. By 144 hours after birth, the serum levels of IgM, IgG1, and IgG2 decreased to various degrees. At 24 hours, the IgM level had not increased in CD calves; however, the level of IgG2 appeared to increase slightly, and the mean IgG1 level increased by approximately 50%. By 144 hours after birth, there was a significant increase (P less than 0.01) in the mean level of serum IgM. The level of IgG, also appeared to increase substantially, while the level of IgG2 appeared to increase slightly.  相似文献   

18.
An agglutination reaction, relatively coarse compared to that obtained with immune sera, was observed when Corynebacterium ovis cells were incubated with lamb sera collected before and after ingesting colostrum. The reaction did not appear to involve immunoglobulin since it was not affected by treatment of precolostral lamb serum with rivanol, mercaptoethanol or rabbit antisheep serum. IgM was detected in only three of 10 precolostral samples with agglutinating activity and immunofluorescence studies showed that it was not specific for C ovis. In view of the non-specific clumping factor, tests which detect antitoxin would be preferable for immune surveys in young lambs.  相似文献   

19.
The purpose of this study was to clarify whether cats have a colostral and milk phase of lactation differentiated by concentrations of immunoglobulins, and whether colostrum ingestion by newborn kittens is essential for optimal transfer of passive immunity. Milk from specific pathogen-free queens was analyzed for IgG and IgA concentrations from parturition through 6 weeks of lactation. Serum IgG and IgA concentrations from birth through 8 weeks of age were determined for colostrum-fed kittens, colostrum-deprived kittens that were fed a milk replacer, and colostrum-deprived kittens that were fostered onto queens in the milk phase of lactation. The total IgG and IgA concentrations in milk were significantly higher on the day of parturition than on day 7 of lactation, indicating cats do have a colostral phase of lactation. The predominant immunoglobulin in both colostrum and milk was IgG. The serum IgG concentrations in colostrum-deprived kittens fostered on queens in the milk phase of lactation were similar to colostrum-deprived kittens fed a milk replacer, and the concentrations were significantly lower than in colostrum-fed kittens for the first 4 weeks of life. The serum IgA concentrations in both colostrum-deprived groups were significantly lower than colostrum-fed kittens on day 2 after parturition, but were similar thereafter. Colostrum-deprived kittens fostered onto queens in the milk phase of lactation had failure of passive transfer of maternal antibodies. Protective concentrations of immunoglobulins can be restored in kittens with failure of passive transfer of immunity by parenteral administration of adult cat serum, but not by fostering on queens in mid-lactation.  相似文献   

20.
A method using protein A-Sepharose chromatography was developed to separate and purify ovine IgG1 and IgG2. The IgG1 eluted from protein A-Sepharose at pH 6.8 and IgG2 eluted at pH 4.5. This method was used to show the specific transfer of IgG1 from the colostrum to newborn lambs. After separation on protein A-Sepharose both IgG1 and IgG2 were pure as analyzed by isoelectric focusing, Western Blotting and SDS-PAGE. The isoelectric points for the immunoglobulins were calculated to be 3.5 for IgG2 and a range from 6.2 to 8.1 for IgG1. The subclass, IgG1, was present in the whey and was the subclass that was found in the serum of lambs after being fed colostrum. The ewe sera had a decrease of both IgG1 and IgG2 at the time of lambing compared to 2 weeks prior to parturition.  相似文献   

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