共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
植物内生细菌生防作用研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
概述植物内生细菌作为生防因子在系统抗性诱导(ISR),抗菌素、2,4-二乙酰间苯三酚(2,4-DAPG)、氰化氢(HCN)、铁载体、水杨酸(SA)和其它易挥发的有机混合物(VOC)产生,及细菌促生作用等方面的研究进展。 相似文献
2.
【目的】研究合生素对肉仔鸡盲肠微生物区系的影响。【方法】选择1日龄肉仔鸡450只,随机分成5个日粮处理,分别为基础日粮、基础日粮+抗生素、基础日粮+益生素、基础日粮+益生元、基础日粮+合生素。每个处理3个重复,每个重复30只。在21和42日龄,每个重复选择4只屠宰,无菌采集盲肠内容物,提取细菌基因组总DNA,PCR扩增16s rDNA,用DGGE方法分析盲肠细菌群落结构的变化,用实时荧光定量PCR检测肠道中总菌、乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌和大肠杆菌数量。【结果】在21和42日龄,日粮添加合生素比单独应用益生素、益生元或抗生素提高了肉仔鸡的平均日增重和饲料转化率（P＜0.05）,肉仔鸡盲肠DGGE条带数（菌群丰富程度）均高于对照组、抗生素组、益生素组、益生元组;基因测序分析发现肉仔鸡盲肠中特异条带主要是不可培养细菌。合生素能促进盲肠总菌数、双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌的增殖,抑制大肠杆菌数量。【结论】合生素对肉仔鸡促生长的效用与其对盲肠菌群的调控作用有关,且合生素的效果优于益生素、益生元或抗生素。 相似文献
3.
Bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics: crystal structure of beta-lactamase from Staphylococcus aureus PC1 at 2.5 A resolution 总被引：28，自引：0，他引：28
beta-lactamases are enzymes that protect bacteria from the lethal effects of beta-lactam antibiotics, and are therefore of considerable clinical importance. The crystal structure of beta-lactamase from the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus PC1 has been determined at 2.5 angstrom resolution. It reveals a molecule of novel topology, made up of two closely associated domains. The active site is located at the interface between the domains, with the key catalytic residue Ser70 at the amino terminus of a buried helix. Examination of the disposition of the functionally important residues within the active site depression leads to a model for the binding of a substrate and a functional analogy to the serine proteases. The unusual topology of the secondary structure units is relevant to questions concerning the evolutionary relation to the beta-lactam target enzymes of the bacterial cell wall. 相似文献
4.
[目的]探讨5种中草药和9种抗生素对养殖鳗鲡主要致病菌的抑制作用及最低抑菌浓度。[方法]采用琼脂稀释法测定了5种中草药(五倍子、石榴皮、大黄、虎杖、黄芩)和9种抗生素类药物(盐酸林可霉素、硫酸庆大霉素、硫酸阿米卡星、硫酸链霉素、青霉素钠、阿莫西林、诺氟沙星、土霉素、磺胺甲噁唑)对12株养殖鳗鲡致病菌的体外抑菌效果。[结果]5种中草药对12株主要致病菌均有较好的抑菌作用,平均最低抑菌浓度(MIC)范围为0.063～6.000 mg/ml。9种抗生素类药物中有3种抗生素对12株致病菌有较好的抑制效果,分别是硫酸庆大霉素、硫酸阿米卡星和诺氟沙星,其MIC≤10 mg/L。12株致病菌对硫酸庆大霉素敏感(MIC≤8 mg/L)的有10株,占83.3%;对硫酸阿米卡星敏感(MIC≤8 mg/L)的有4株,占33.3%;对诺氟沙星敏感(MIC≤8 mg/L)的有7株,占58.3%。[结论]五倍子、石榴皮、大黄、虎杖、黄芩5种中草药以及硫酸庆大霉素、硫酸阿米卡星、诺氟沙星3种抗生素类药物对12株养殖鳗鲡致病菌有较好的抑制效果。 相似文献
5.
To pathogenic microparasites (viruses, bacteria, protozoa, or fungi), we and other mammals (living organisms at large) are little more than soft, thin-walled flasks of culture media. Almost every time we eat, brush our teeth, scrape our skin, have sex, get bitten by insects, and inhale, we are confronted with populations of microbes that are capable of colonizing the mucosa lining our orifices and alimentary tract and proliferating in fluids and cells within us. Nevertheless, we rarely get sick, much less succumb to these infections. The massive numbers of bacteria and other micro- and not-so-micro organisms that abound and replicate in our alimentary tract and cover our skin and the mucosa lining our orifices normally maintain their communities in seemingly peaceful coexistence with the somatic cells that define us. Why don't these microbes invade and proliferate in the culture media within the soft, thin-walled flask that envelops us? Why don't they cause disease and lead to our rapid demise? 相似文献
6.
Bronikowski AM Altmann J Brockman DK Cords M Fedigan LM Pusey A Stoinski T Morris WF Strier KB Alberts SC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6022):1325-1328
Human senescence patterns-late onset of mortality increase, slow mortality acceleration, and exceptional longevity-are often described as unique in the animal world. Using an individual-based data set from longitudinal studies of wild populations of seven primate species, we show that contrary to assumptions of human uniqueness, human senescence falls within the primate continuum of aging; the tendency for males to have shorter life spans and higher age-specific mortality than females throughout much of adulthood is a common feature in many, but not all, primates; and the aging profiles of primate species do not reflect phylogenetic position. These findings suggest that mortality patterns in primates are shaped by local selective forces rather than phylogenetic history. 相似文献
7.
Hierarchical organization of modularity in metabolic networks 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Ravasz E Somera AL Mongru DA Oltvai ZN Barabási AL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,297(5586):1551-1555
Spatially or chemically isolated functional modules composed of several cellular components and carrying discrete functions are considered fundamental building blocks of cellular organization, but their presence in highly integrated biochemical networks lacks quantitative support. Here, we show that the metabolic networks of 43 distinct organisms are organized into many small, highly connected topologic modules that combine in a hierarchical manner into larger, less cohesive units, with their number and degree of clustering following a power law. Within Escherichia coli, the uncovered hierarchical modularity closely overlaps with known metabolic functions. The identified network architecture may be generic to system-level cellular organization. 相似文献
8.
Shapiro BJ Friedman J Cordero OX Preheim SP Timberlake SC Szabó G Polz MF Alm EJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6077):48-51
Genetic exchange is common among bacteria, but its effect on population diversity during ecological differentiation remains controversial. A fundamental question is whether advantageous mutations lead to selection of clonal genomes or, as in sexual eukaryotes, sweep through populations on their own. Here, we show that in two recently diverged populations of ocean bacteria, ecological differentiation has occurred akin to a sexual mechanism: A few genome regions have swept through subpopulations in a habitat-specific manner, accompanied by gradual separation of gene pools as evidenced by increased habitat specificity of the most recent recombinations. These findings reconcile previous, seemingly contradictory empirical observations of the genetic structure of bacterial populations and point to a more unified process of differentiation in bacteria and sexual eukaryotes than previously thought. 相似文献
9.
Wolbachia are widespread maternally-inherited endosymbiotic bacteria that infect numerous arthropods.This study represents a thorough survey of the Wolbachia infection patterns in the pink stem borer,Sesamia inferens(Walker),an important rice pest in China,based on nucleotide comparisons for the surface protein(wsp)and cell division protein(ftsZ)genes.The effects of Wolbachia on mtDNA variation and evolution of S.inferens were also investigated.Although we identified six genetically diverse strains,we found infections to be infrequent,with only 7.8%of hosts infected,and identified geographical differences in infection rates between southern and northern populations.Nucleotide indexes(haplotype diversity(Hd),nucleotide diversity(π)and number of variable sites(S)of mtDNA in infected populations were not significantly lower or higher than that in the uninfected populations.Furthermore,there was no association between Wolbachia infection status and phylogeny of mtDNA haplotypes.Analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA)showed that significant differentiation mainly existed within groups rather than among the groups.Additionally,using Tajima’s D and Fu’s F values,the mtDNA genes did not deviate significantly from neutral evolution.Taken together these results indicate that currently there were no effects of Wolbachia infection on host mtDNA variation and evolution in S.inferens. 相似文献
10.
Galkin VE Yu X Bielnicki J Heuser J Ewing CP Guerry P Egelman EH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5874):382-385
It has been widely assumed that the atomic structure of the flagellar filament from Salmonella typhimurium serves as a model for all bacterial flagellar filaments given the sequence conservation in the coiled-coil regions responsible for polymerization. On the basis of electron microscopic images, we show that the flagellar filaments from Campylobacter jejuni have seven protofilaments rather than the 11 in S. typhimurium. The vertebrate Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) recognizes a region of bacterial flagellin that is involved in subunit-subunit assembly in Salmonella and many other pathogenic bacteria, and this short region has diverged in Campylobacter and related bacteria, such as Helicobacter pylori, which are not recognized by TLR5. The driving force in the change of quaternary structure between Salmonella and Campylobacter may have been the evasion of TLR5. 相似文献
11.
通过对新乡地区8家养猪场和11家养鸡场饲喂抗生素情况的调研,发现头孢氨苄、阿莫西林、卡那霉素、庆大霉素等4种抗生素是该地区被普遍使用的兽药抗生素。通过多点取样法和微生物培养技术对3家养鸡场和3家养猪场不同养殖时期的粪便进行单一抗生素和多重抗生素抗性细菌的检测,结果表明养鸡场堆置1周的粪便中抗头孢氨苄的细菌比例最高,达到65.90%,对所研究的3种和4种抗生素同时抗性的比例高达8.60%-12.51%和9.73%,明显高于饲喂中药的对照养鸡场样本检测结果(0.02%-2.73%和0.12%)。养猪场堆置1周的粪便中检测到抗头孢氨苄的细菌比例也是最高,达到49.12%上,但养猪场粪便中多重抗生素抗性细菌的比例明显低于养鸡场。同时研究发现,在两种养殖场中,幼龄期粪便中检测到的多重抗性细菌比例明显高于成熟期粪便,这可能与养殖过程中鸡、猪在幼龄期由于防病和促生长等因素而同时大剂量使用多种抗生素有关。 相似文献
12.
Nguyen D Joshi-Datar A Lepine F Bauerle E Olakanmi O Beer K McKay G Siehnel R Schafhauser J Wang Y Britigan BE Singh PK 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,334(6058):982-986
Bacteria become highly tolerant to antibiotics when nutrients are limited. The inactivity of antibiotic targets caused by starvation-induced growth arrest is thought to be a key mechanism producing tolerance. Here we show that the antibiotic tolerance of nutrient-limited and biofilm Pseudomonas aeruginosa is mediated by active responses to starvation, rather than by the passive effects of growth arrest. The protective mechanism is controlled by the starvation-signaling stringent response (SR), and our experiments link SR-mediated tolerance to reduced levels of oxidant stress in bacterial cells. Furthermore, inactivating this protective mechanism sensitized biofilms by several orders of magnitude to four different classes of antibiotics and markedly enhanced the efficacy of antibiotic treatment in experimental infections. 相似文献
13.
针对炼油废水生物强化处理系统中有时存在的不稳定造成排水超标的问题,研究了SBR反应器中采用生物强化技术,其细菌数量、脱氢酶、邻苯二酚1,2-双加氧酶(C12O)和邻苯二酚2,3-双加氧酶(C23O)等关键生物学指标与污染物去除效率的综合对应关系,并运用ERIC-PCR技术研究了运行前后处理系统内微生物群落的变化.结果表明,投加菌剂的生物强化处理系统提高了细菌数量和酶活,使处理效率明显提高.生物强化系统中细菌数量及C23O酶活与污染物去除效率呈正相关关系,且微生物群落结构十分稳定.C12O为一种诱导酶,其酶 相似文献
14.
通过盆栽试验研究不同程度重金属污染土壤对2种生态型东南景天根际土壤微生物特征的影响.研究结果表明,不同污染土壤中,2种生态型东南景天根际细菌、放线菌和真菌的数量及微生物生物量碳都大于非根际.在轻污染土壤中,2种生态型东南景天的根际土壤微生物区系和主要生理类群没有显著差异,而在矿山土壤和重污染土壤中,超积累生态型东南景天根际土壤中的细菌和真菌数量、主要生理类群数量及微生物生物量碳显著高于非超积累生态型.东南景天根际微生物对重金属胁迫的敏感性为放线菌＞细菌＞真菌,硝化细菌＞自生固氮菌＞氨化细菌＞磷细菌＞纤维分解菌.在轻污染土壤中,2种生态型东南景天根际土壤基础呼吸速率和微生物代谢商差异不显著,而在矿山土壤和重污染土壤中,非超积累生态型东南景天的根际土壤基础呼吸速率和微生物代谢商显著高于超积累生态型. 相似文献
15.
拮抗乳酸菌的筛选及其对黄瓜炭疽病的防治效果 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探讨乳酸菌对植物病害的生防作用,从食品中筛选植物病原拮抗乳酸菌,并研究其对13种植物病原菌的抑菌效果及对黄瓜炭疽病的室内和田间防治效果。采用不同的乳酸菌培养基,从豆腐乳和泡菜中分离、筛选出8株不同的乳酸菌。抑菌测定结果表明,各菌株对黄瓜炭疽病菌均有一定的拮抗作用,其中以L2拮抗作用最强,L3和L8次之。从中筛选出拮抗乳酸菌L2作为黄瓜炭疽病的生防菌,室内测定结果表明,该菌对黄瓜炭疽病菌的抑菌率为43.67%,稀释10倍的发酵滤液对病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用优于对照10 000个单位的农抗120液,盆栽和温室小区接种L2的防病效果分别为62.98%和54.19%,与农抗120液的效果相当。研究还发现,L2对供试的其余12种病原菌均有抑菌效果,其中对烟草赤星病菌、玉米大斑病菌和黄瓜灰霉病菌的抑菌效果最好。因此,乳酸菌对于植物病原菌具有一定的防治效果。 相似文献
16.
“超级细菌”是具有多重耐药性细菌的总称。新型“超级细菌”是指获得newdelhimetallo—β—lactamase-1耐药基因的细菌。近来研究发现．携带编码NDM-1基因的耐药质粒不仅可以在细菌间转移．而且能使所在宿主茵成为可以抵御目前几乎所有抗生素的超级细菌,严重威胁着人类健康。文章就新型“超级细菌”的基本情况、耐药机制研究现状及防治措施,综述如下,并提出相关建议。 相似文献
17.
对青枯病抗性不同的番茄品种根际细菌生理群数量变化进行了研究.结果表明,番茄根际细菌种群和数量的变化随品种抗性、生育期不同和季节的变化而变化,其中氨化细菌的数量与番茄青枯病抗性呈正相关;根际细菌中氨化细菌、硝化细菌、好气纤维素分解细菌、固氮细菌和反硫化细菌等数量均表现为夏季高于冬季,而厌气纤维素分解细菌和硫化细菌的数量则表现为冬季高于夏季. 相似文献
18.
蜡梅种质资源表型多样性 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
以蜡梅全分布区的10个群体为试材,对10个表型性状进行比较分析,讨论群体间和群体内的表型多样性。方差分析表明:蜡梅表型性状在群体间和群体内均存在极其丰富的变异,10个性状在群体间的差异均达显著或极显著水平。10个性状的平均表型分化系数为39.40,群体内变异(55.13%)大于群体间变异(38.18%),说明群体内变异是蜡梅的主要变异来源。蜡梅表型性状与地理生态因子的相关分析表明:除纬度、年降雨量和部分性状有相关性外,其它性状和地理生态因子的相关性均不显著。利用群体间欧氏距离进行的UPGMA聚类分析结果表明,蜡梅野生群体可以划分为3类。 相似文献
19.
Seeley TD Visscher PK Schlegel T Hogan PM Franks NR Marshall JA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6064):108-111
Honeybee swarms and complex brains show many parallels in how they make decisions. In both, separate populations of units (bees or neurons) integrate noisy evidence for alternatives, and, when one population exceeds a threshold, the alternative it represents is chosen. We show that a key feature of a brain--cross inhibition between the evidence-accumulating populations--also exists in a swarm as it chooses its nesting site. Nest-site scouts send inhibitory stop signals to other scouts producing waggle dances, causing them to cease dancing, and each scout targets scouts' reporting sites other than her own. An analytic model shows that cross inhibition between populations of scout bees increases the reliability of swarm decision-making by solving the problem of deadlock over equal sites. 相似文献
20.
日粮中添加维基尼亚霉素对肉牛瘤胃微生物数量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选用4头体重为559.4±30.1kg,健康且装有瘤胃瘘管的4岁龄杂交肉牛,进行重复交叉试验设计,处理组添加维吉尼亚霉素,旨在观察日粮中添加维基尼亚霉素对瘤胃微生物数量的影响。在每个正试验期第28天的饲喂前8:00和饲喂后12:00、16:00采集瘤胃液进行亨氏滚管法培养计数。试验发现日粮中添加维基尼亚霉素能有效抑制调节瘤胃微生物中淀粉降解菌数量和蛋白降解菌数量(P<0.01),但对纤维降解菌、总细菌和原虫的数量影响不显著。维吉尼亚霉素在不同采样时间点抑制调节瘤胃微生物数量的统计结果显示,维吉尼亚霉素在8:00时,能有效抑制调节淀粉降解菌数量(P<0.05),在12:00时,能有效抑制淀粉降解菌数量和蛋白降解菌数量(P<0.05)。维吉尼亚霉素在不同时间点对纤维降解菌、总细菌和原虫的数量影响不显著。但对照组和处理组中,原虫数量和总细菌数量随时间均呈现出"高-低-高"的趋势。结果表明,向日粮中添加维吉尼亚霉素能有效调节高精料条件下占主导地位的淀粉降解菌和蛋白降解菌的数量,从而缓解瘤胃酸中毒。 相似文献