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1.
高温胁迫对不同类型黄瓜幼苗叶绿素荧光特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了5个不同类型黄瓜自交系幼苗在高温胁迫(昼温38℃/夜温28℃,昼温42℃/夜温32℃)下的热害指数和叶绿素荧光参数的变化。结果表明:高温胁迫下,最大荧光(Fm)、光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学量子产量(Yield)、光化学荧光淬灭系数(qP)、光系统Ⅱ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)、可变荧光下降比值(Rfd)和光系统Ⅰ激发能分配系数(α)均随着胁迫温度的升高而降低;初始荧光Fo、光系统Ⅱ激发能压力(1-qP)、光系统Ⅱ激发能分配系数(β)和光系统Ⅰ和Ⅱ间激发能分配的不平衡性(β/α-1)则随着胁迫温度的升高而升高。表观光合电子传递速率(ETR)在38℃高温下迅速上升,42℃高温下则急剧下降。相关性分析表明:Yield、ETR与热害指数呈显著的负相关关系,可以作为黄瓜幼苗期耐热鉴定的可靠指标。 相似文献
2.
Vision begins with photoisomerization of visual pigments. Thermal energy can complement photon energy to drive photoisomerization, but it also triggers spontaneous pigment activation as noise that interferes with light detection. For half a century, the mechanism underlying this dark noise has remained controversial. We report here a quantitative relation between a pigment's photoactivation energy and its peak-absorption wavelength, λ(max). Using this relation and assuming that pigment activations by light and heat go through the same ground-state isomerization energy barrier, we can predict the relative noise of diverse pigments with multi-vibrational-mode thermal statistics. The agreement between predictions and our measurements strongly suggests that pigment noise arises from canonical isomerization. The predicted high noise for pigments with λ(max) in the infrared presumably explains why they apparently do not exist in nature. 相似文献
3.
Cr3+对土壤脲酶活性特征的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用模拟方法对Cr~(3+)的土壤脲酶效应进行了研究,结果表明,土壤pH对Cr~(3+)的生态毒性有重要影响;酸性土壤脲酶受到显著抑制,活性及动力学特征参数与Cr~(3+)浓度间达显著或极显著负相关,而且模型U=β0/(β1xC+1)揭示其间机理为完全抑制,动力学则进一步细化为非竞争性抑制;获得土壤轻微和中度污染时的生态剂量ED10和ED50分别为50.59和865.7 mg·kg~(-1);酸性土壤中脲酶活性、Vmax、k可作为土壤Cr~(3+)亏染的监测指标之一,而碱性土壤则反应不敏感,其随铬浓度增加,脲酶活性及动力学参数呈先增加后降低的规律性变化,总体变幅较小;两类土壤的差别可能主要是由于土壤环境引起了不同价态铬转变的缘故. 相似文献
4.
DR Stewart D Sprinzak CM Marcus CI Duruoz JS Harris 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,278(5344):1784-1788
The ground and excited state spectra of a semiconductor quantum dot with successive electron occupancy were studied with linear and nonlinear magnetoconductance measurements. A direct correlation was observed between the mth excited state of the N-electron system and the ground state of the (N + m)-electron system for m up to 4. The results are consistent with a single-particle picture in which a fixed spectrum of energy levels is successively filled, except for a notable absence of spin degeneracy. Further departures from the single-particle picture due to electron-electron interaction were also observed. Magnetoconductance fluctuations of ground states show anticrossings where wave function characteristics are exchanged between adjacent levels. 相似文献
5.
The nature of the emission from central metal ions in complexes can be controlled by chemical alteration of the ligands. For iridium(III) species three types of emission have been observed, each originating from a different and orbitally identifiable excited state. Principles useful for designing new luminescent materials are formulated. They can be used for guiding photochemical research and for designing new analytical methods. 相似文献
6.
本文以典型的优势杂交组合为材料，测定了块根分化形成期（苗期）不同叶龄的叶片光化学特性与其杂种优势的关系。结果表明：（１）光化学特性与杂种优势关系密切，其杂１代高的叶绿素含量、希尔反应活力和光合磷酸化活力，可作为早期鉴定和预测杂种优势的指标；（２）叶绿素含量与优势杂种的产量相关性强，而希尔反应活力，光合磷酸化活力与其含糖率关系密切，对选育丰产型和高糖型杂交种具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
7.
The results have shown that selective excitation obtained with a tunable monochromatic laser is a useful technique for studying photochemical and energy transfer processes. A new phenomenon in the photochemistry of bromine was observed, in which bound excited molecules, and not atoms, were formed in the primary process. The mechanism of the subsequent reaction consists of collisional dissociation of the excited molecules into atoms, which then initiated free-radical chains. A quantitative estimate of the collisional electronic relaxation rate for excited bromine molecules was obtained, and a new upper limit to the continuous absorption strength at 14,400 cm(-1) was determined. 相似文献
8.
Rakitzis TP Samartzis PC Toomes RL Kitsopoulos TN Brown A Balint-Kurti GG Vasyutinskii OS Beswick JA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,300(5627):1936-1938
The production of spin-polarized hydrogen atoms from the photodissociation of hydrogen chloride with circularly polarized 193-nanometer light is inferred from the measurement of the complete angular momentum distributions of ground state Cl(2P3/2)and excited state Cl(2P1/2)cofragments by slice imaging. The experimentally measured and ab initio predicted a q(k) (p)parameters, which describe the single-surface and multiple-surface-interference contributions to the angular momentum distributions, are in excellent agreement. For laser pulses longer than about 0.7 ns, the polarization of the electron and the proton are both 36%. 相似文献
9.
The basic concepts for direct and catalyzed photodissociation of water have been summarized. Water dissociation in closed-cycle processes based on endothermic photochemical reactions offers a potential solution to the solar energy conversion problem. Transition metal complexes, whose excited state chemistry is extremely rich (23, 24) although mostly unexplored, are, in principle, suitable "catalysts" for cycles of this type. The most interesting cycles are those involving metal hydrido complexes or binuclear complexes in which the two metal atoms are bound into a macrocyclic ligand. Systematic investigations of the photochemistry of transition metal complexes with the aim of designing suitable systems for solar energy conversion have long-range promise and merit further consideration. 相似文献
10.
利用射频磁控溅射方法,在宝石衬底上制备了非晶态碲镉汞(a-HgCdTe)薄膜。对原生a-HgCdTe薄膜进行了不同退火时间和不同退火温度的热退火,在80～300K温度范围内,分别测量了原生和退火处理后的a-HgCdTe薄膜样品的稳定态光电导,研究了退火时间和退火温度对非晶态HgCdTe薄膜的稳定态光电导和激活能的影响。结果表明,原生和退火a-HgCdTe薄膜的稳定态光电导具有热激活特性;随着退火时间增加或退火温度升高,a-HgCdTe薄膜的晶化程度提高,导致光电导增大,光电导激活能降低。利用非晶-多晶转变机制讨论了实验结果。 相似文献
11.
This article represents only a brief glimpse into one of the fascinating aspects of the chemistry of electronically excited molecules. More exhaustive coverage of synthetic applications of photochemical reactions may be found in texts and reviews. We summarize here by noting that classification of reliable photoreactions is possible, but that the most effective application of the classification scheme requires a familiarity with some of the special features of the chemistry of electronically excited states. Thus, knowledge of the properties of singlet and triplet states, the factors which determine photochemical efficiency and reactivity, and the special technical aspects of photochemical procedures such as selective direct and phtosensitized excitation and photoexcitation at low temperatures or solid matrices make photochemistry a useful tool for the construction of organic molecules. It is our hope that the material and flavor of this article will whet the intellectual and experimental appetites of researchers who are concerned with various aspects of the synthesis of oganic molecules. 相似文献
12.
土壤过氧化氢酶活度及其动力学特征与土壤性质的关系 总被引：27，自引：5，他引：27
该文研究了陕西土中过氧化氢酶活度及其动力学特征与土壤性质的关系。结果表明：土壤过氧化氢酶活度同土壤有机质含量和土壤全氮量呈显著相关；土镶过氧化氢酶总量（Ｖ＿（ｍａｘ））和酶反应速度（Ｖ＿（ｍａｘ）／Ｋ＿ｍ）分别与土壤全氮量和土壤有机质含量呈显著水平，而酶－底物结合的牢固程度（Ｋ＿ｍ）与土壤性质未达到５％的显著水平；在土壤各性质中，土壤全氮量对土壤过氧化氢酶活度及其动力学特征影响最大。 相似文献
13.
Kim M Hohman JN Cao Y Houk KN Ma H Jen AK Weiss PS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6022):1312-1315
The products of photoreactions of conjugated organic molecules may be allowed by selection rules but not observed in solution reactions because of unfavorable reaction geometries. We have used defect sites in self-assembled alkanethiolate monolayers on gold surfaces to direct geometrically unfavorable photochemical reactions between individual organic molecules. High conductivity and stochastic switching of anthracene-terminated phenylethynylthiolates within alkanethiolate monolayers, as well as in situ photochemical transformations, have been observed and distinguished with the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Ultraviolet light absorbed during imaging increases the apparent heights of excited molecules in STM images, a direct manifestation of probing electronically excited states. 相似文献
14.
Cigarette smooke contains high concentrations of unstable moleculles that react with oxygen to produce chemiluminescence. The chemiluminescent activity is concentrated in the aerosol phase that can be absorbed on glass-fiber filters and extracted into organic solvents. Cigarette smnoke in N, N-dimethylformamide produces a long-lasting luminescence visible to the dark-adapted eye. We have demonstrated the oxygen dependence and have measured the kinetics, activation energies, emission spectra, and absolute photon intensities of this chemiluminescence. The total light emission from a single puff (35 cubic centimeters) of cigarette smoke is greater than 10(12) photons. There was a significant correlation between smoke chemiluminescence anSd tar content. It is suggested that the chemical production of electronically excited states of aromatic hydrocarbons is equivalent to photoexcitation in the promotion of the carcinogenicity of these agents. 相似文献
15.
On the basis of semiempirical and high-level ab initio calculations, theoretical evidence is presented of a "window" mechanism operable on the surface of C(60) and other fullerenes. Through this mechanism, large holes may be formed in fullerenes excited to their triplet state, openings through which atoms and small molecules can pass. This work provides a theoretical foundation for experiments that have prepared endohedral noble gas compounds of C(60) under thermal excitation. A method is proposed that could increase the efficiency of the process of noble gas insertion into C(60) and provide a more general means to create endohedral fullerene compounds. 相似文献
16.
不同类型水稻支链淀粉理化特性及其与米粉糊化特征的关系 总被引：34，自引：7，他引：34
【目的】探索稻米中支链淀粉理化特性及其与米粉的糊化特征的关系。【方法】以不同类型水稻代表性品种为材料，测定支链淀粉的蓝值和最大吸收波长，用Sephadex G75层析柱分析支链淀粉分枝链的链长分配，并分析其与稻米RVA谱和米饭质地间的关系。【结果】不同类型代表品种的支链淀粉的蓝值和最大吸收波长存在显著差异，籼型品种稻米支链淀粉的蓝值和最大吸收波长要高于粳型（巴西陆稻除外），非糯性品种支链淀粉的蓝值和最大吸收波长呈极显著的线性关系(r=0.995**)。经Sephadex G75分离的FrⅠ部分的链长的平均聚合度>100 glucose unite，FrⅡ部分的链长的平均聚合度为44～47 glucose unite，FrⅢ部分的链长的平均聚合度为10～17glucose unite。不同类型代表品种支链淀粉中长分枝链与短分枝链的比率存在明显的差异，在供试的糯性品种中，籼糯含长分枝链比粳糯多；非糯性品种中，籼稻比除粳型偏籼的巴西陆稻以外的粳稻含有更多的长分枝链。在同一类型品种中，供试的籼型杂交稻的支链淀粉中含有的长分枝链要比常规稻多，陆稻品种含的长的分枝链要高于水稻品种。支链淀粉的短链部分(FrⅢ)的比率与最高粘度和崩解值呈极显著的正相关关系(r=0.969**, r=0.949**)，而长链部分(Fr(Ⅰ+Ⅱ))与最高粘度和崩解值呈极显著负相关关系(r=-0.969**, r=-0.949**)。【结论】水稻支链淀粉的分枝链长分配与稻米品质关系密切。在非糯性品种中，硬性和凝聚性大、松弛性和粘附性小的品种，米饭的口感表现硬，咀嚼有渣感，其Fr(Ⅰ+Ⅱ)比率大，即支链淀粉所含长分枝链比率高。 相似文献
17.
小麦籽粒灌浆参数与粒重的相关及通径分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
选择新春8号等6个春小麦品种,用Richards方程对籽粒灌浆过程进行拟合,通过T测验、相关分析及通径分析等方法对籽粒灌浆参数分析探讨.结果表明,灌浆各阶段不同灌浆参数间存在显著差异.从灌浆时间来看,灌浆持续时间T1和T3变异系数较大,Tmax.R、T、D和T2则相对稳定;从灌浆速率看,Rmax.R、R、R2变异系数小,比较稳定;R1和R3的变异系数较大,易受环境影响.渐增期灌浆速率R1与千粒重呈极显著负相关;快增期持续天数T2、缓增期灌浆速率R3、灌浆活跃期D与千粒重呈极显著正相关.灌浆参数对千粒重的直接通径系数大小依次为灌浆活跃生长期>最大灌浆速率Rmax.R>缓增期灌浆速率R3>渐增期灌浆速率R1>快增期持续天数T2>快增期灌浆速率R2,延长灌浆活跃期对稳定和提高千粒重具有重要意义. 相似文献
18.
Guanine nucleotide binding (G) proteins (subunit composition alpha beta gamma) dissociate on activation with guanosine triphosphate (GTP) analogs and magnesium to give alpha-guanine nucleotide complexes and free beta gamma subunits. Whether the opening of potassium channels by the recently described Gk in isolated membrane patches from mammalian atrial myocytes was mediated by the alpha k subunit or beta gamma dimer was tested. The alpha k subunit was found to be active, while the beta gamma dimer was inactive in stimulating potassium channel activity. Thus, Gk resembles Gs, the stimulatory regulatory component of adenylyl cyclase, and transducin, the regulatory component of the visual system, in that it regulates its effector function--the activity of the ligand-gated potassium channel--through its guanine nucleotide binding subunit. 相似文献
19.
不同培养基及振荡对微囊藻生长和产毒的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过研究三种培养基及震荡或静置的条件对微囊藻生长和产毒的影响,得到微囊藻在M-11培养基静置条件下有较大的X_(max)和μ_(max),总的来说微囊藻更适于在静置条件下生长。微囊藻在M-11(静)的条件下MC-LR产量最多。总体上,微囊藻在HGZ培养基中的MC-LR的产量较其他两种培养基要好。 相似文献
20.
不同价态铬的土壤碱性磷酸酶效应模拟研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
铬是环境中四大污染元素之一,其不同价态间对生物的生态毒性差异较大。采用模拟方法对Cr3+和Cr6+的土壤碱性磷酸酶效应进行了研究。结果表明,铬显著抑制了土壤碱性磷酸酶活性,其中Cr3+的抑制作用远强于Cr6+,土壤轻度Cr3+和Cr6+污染时的临界浓度分别为151和1132mg·kg-1,二者相差6.5倍;碱性磷酸酶活性及动力学特征参数Vmax、k等与Cr浓度间达显著或极显著负相关,揭示土壤磷酸酶活性及Vmax、k可作为土壤Cr污染的监测指标之一;模型U=β0(/β1×C+1)揭示酶与铬间的机理为完全抑制,动力学则进一步细化为非竞争性抑制;计算获得的抑制常数Ki为Cr3+Cr6+,反映出Cr3+与土壤酶活性位点的亲合力远强于Cr6+。 相似文献