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1.
ABSTRACT Bean calico mosaic virus (BCMoV), a whitefly-transmitted geminivirus from Sonora, Mexico, was purified, and the genome components were cloned and sequenced. Purified viral fractions and cloned genome components were infectious by biolistic inoculation to bean, completing Koch's postulates for both. The B biotype of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci efficiently transmitted both native virus and progeny virus derived from cloned DNA inoculum. Host ranges of native virus and of progeny virus derived from cloned DNA were identical based upon whitefly and biolistic mediated transmission, respectively. BCMoV has a relatively wide experimental host range among begomoviruses known to infect bean, encompassing genera and species within the Fabaceae, Malvaceae, and Solanaceae. BCMoV has a bipartite genome, as do other New World begomoviruses. BCMoV DNA-A shared highest nucleotide sequence identities with squash leaf curl virus-E strain (SLCV-E) and cabbage leaf curl virus (CaLCV) at 80.1 and 80.7%, respectively. BCMoV DNA-B shared highest nucleotide sequence identity with SLCV-E at 70.7%. The common region (CR) sequences of BCMoV and SLCV-E are 73 to 76% identical; however, modular cis-acting elements within the CR involved in replication origin function and recognition are 100% conserved. Phy-logenetic analysis indicated that BCMoV DNA-A shares a most recent common ancestor with the DNA-A of two viruses that also occur in the Sonoran Desert, SLCV-E and Texas pepper virus (TPV-TAM), and CaLCV from Florida. In contrast, a phylogenetic analysis indicated that BCMoV DNA-B shares a most recent common ancestor with SLCV-E; whereas DNA-B of CaLCV clustered in a separate clade with pepper hausteco virus. Collectively, biological and molecular characteristics indicate that BCMoV is a distinct begomovirus species with the northernmost distribution of any begomovirus isolated from bean in the Americas. Furthermore, the phylogenetic relationships of begomovirus cognate components are not necessarily identical, suggesting that DNA-A and DNA-B of some begomoviruses may have different evolutionary histories. 相似文献
2.
ABSTRACT The complete nucleotide (nt) sequences of the cloned DNA-A (2644 nts) and DNA-B (2609 nts) components of Bean golden yellow mosaic virus (BGYMV-MX) from Chiapas, Mexico were determined. The genome organization of BGYMV-MX is similar to that of other Western Hemisphere bipartite geminiviruses (genus Begomovirus). Infectivity of the cloned BGYMV-MX DNA components in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plants was demonstrated by particle bombardment and agroinoculation. BGYMV-MX was identified as a BGYMV (previously type II BGMV) isolate based on sequence analyses, sap-transmissibility, and pseudorecombination experiments with other bean-infecting begomoviruses. On the basis of differences in the DNA-B hypervariable region, symptom phenotype, and properties of infectious pseudorecombinants, BGYMV-MX may represent a distinct strain of BGYMV. Pseudorecombination experiments further established that BGYMV symptom determinants mapped to DNA-B, and that BGYMV-MX was most closely related to BGYMV from Guatemala. A Tomato leaf crumple virus (TLCrV) DNA-A/BGYMV-MX DNA-B pseudorecombinant was infectious in bean, establishing that a viable reassortant can be formed between begomovirus species from different phylogenetic clusters. Bean germ plasm representing the two major gene pools (Andean and Mesoamerican) was screened for response to BGYMV-MX with three methods of inoculation: sap-inoculation, particle bombardment, and agroinoculation. Andean germ plasm was very susceptible and similar results were obtained with all three methods, whereas Mesoamerican germ plasm showed resistance to BGYMV-MX, particularly with agroinoculation. 相似文献
3.
Ribeiro SG Martin DP Lacorte C Simões IC Orlandini DR Inoue-Nagata AK 《Phytopathology》2007,97(6):702-711
ABSTRACT Tomato chlorotic mottle virus (ToCMoV) is an emerging begomovirus species widely distributed throughout tomato-growing regions of Brazil. ToCMoV appears to have expanded its geographic range recently, invading tomato-growing areas that were free of begomovirus infection before 2004. We have determined the first complete genome sequence of an infectious ToCMoV genome (isolate BA-Se1), which is the first begomovirus species isolated in the northeast of Brazil. When introduced by particle bombardment into tomato, the cloned ToCMoV-[BA-Se1] DNA-A and DNA-B components caused typical chlorotic mottle symptoms. The cloned virus was whitefly-transmissible and, although it was infectious in hosts such as Nicotiana benthamiana, pepper, tobacco, and Nicandra physaloides, it was unable to infect Arabidopsis thaliana, bean, N. glutinosa, and Datura metel. Sequence and biological analyses indicate that ToCMoV-[BA-Se1] is a typical New World begomovirus sp. requiring both DNA-A and DNA-B components to establish systemic infections. Although evidence of multiple recombination events was detected within the ToCMoV-[BA-Se1] DNA-A, they apparently occurred relatively long ago, implying that recombination probably has not contributed to the recent emergence of this species. 相似文献
4.
Biological and molecular properties of Tomato rugose mosaic virus (ToRMV), a new tomato-infecting begomovirus from Brazil 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J. J. Fernandes † M. G. Carvalho E. C. Andrade S. H. Brommonschenkel E. P. B. Fontes F. M. Zerbini 《Plant pathology》2006,55(4):513-522
A viral complex causing golden mosaic and leaf distortion (rugosity) in tomato plants was obtained from viruliferous whiteflies, and named TGV-Ub1. This complex was sap-transmitted from tomato to Nicotiana benthamiana . PCR amplification using universal begomovirus primers yielded two distinct fragments for DNA-A, suggesting that the TGV-Ub1 complex comprised at least two distinct viruses. Clones corresponding to full-length viral genomes were obtained from tomato plants infected with TGV-Ub1. Comparisons of the complete sequences of clones pUb1-49 (DNA-A), pUb1-62 and pUb1-81 (both DNA-B) indicated that they constitute novel western hemisphere begomoviruses. Clones pUb1-49 and pUB1-81 have identical common regions, thus representing the cognate DNA-A and -B of a novel begomovirus, named Tomato rugose mosaic virus (ToRMV). Clone pUb1-62 has a distinct common region from ToRMV and all other geminiviruses. A cognate DNA-A for pUb1-62 was not found. Clones containing 1·8 copies of the genomic components were constructed. Infectivity assays of these clones in tomato and N. benthamiana demonstrated that the clones corresponding to ToRMV systemically infected both hosts. Symptoms were analogous to those observed when using the pure isolates obtained in this study. The combination of pUb1-49 and -62 did not result in systemic infection, indicating that these components do not form a viable virus. ToRMV was sap-transmitted from N. benthamiana to N. benthamiana , and by grafting to Solanum tuberosum and Datura stramonium . ToRMV-A and ToRMV-B were detected in plants of Nicandra physaloides and Phaseolus vulgaris , respectively, growing in nearby tomato fields, in association with distinct DNA components. 相似文献
5.
C. Hernández-Zepeda A. M. Idris G. Carnevali J. K. Brown O. A. Moreno-Valenzuela 《Plant pathology》2007,56(5):763-770
Euphorbia mosaic virus (EuMV), a tentative species within the genus Begomovirus, was isolated from Euphorbia heterophylla plants growing in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. The complete bipartite genome was cloned from total DNA extracts and the nucleotide (nt) sequence was determined. The DNA-A sequence of the EuMV-Yucatan Peninsula (EuMV-YP) isolate shared 95% nt identity with the partially characterized type EuMV isolate from Puerto Rico. The EuMV-YP genome organization was like that of other New World, bipartite begomoviruses. The DNA-A component was 2613 nt in size, while the DNA-B component was 2602 nt long. The 165-nt common region (CR) sequence for the DNA-A and DNA-B components shared a lower than expected nt identity of 86%. The organization and iterons of the putative AC1 binding site of EuMV-YP were similar to those of begomoviruses in the Squash leaf curl virus (SLCV) clade. Characteristic disease symptoms were reproduced in E. heterophylla plants inoculated at the seedling stage using the cloned viral DNA-A and DNA-B components, confirming disease aetiology. Results of an experimental host-range study for EuMV-YP indicated that it infected at least five species in three plant families, including the Euphorbiaceae ( E. heterophylla ), Solanaceae ( Datura stramonium , pepper, tomato) and Fabaceae (bean). Phylogenetic analysis of the DNA-A and DNA-B components indicated that EuMV-YP is a New World begomovirus and that it is a new member of the SLCV clade. 相似文献
6.
I. I. Amarakoon M. E. Roye R. W. Briddon † I. D. Bedford J. Stanley 《Plant pathology》2008,57(3):417-426
The molecular and biological characterization of a begomovirus infecting the common weed Macroptilium lathyroides from Jamaica are reported. The virus showed 92% sequence identity to an isolate of Macroptilium yellow mosaic virus (MaYMV) from Cuba, but was distinct from the two other begomoviruses isolated from M. lathyroides , namely Macroptilium yellow mosaic Florida virus (80% identity) and Macroptilium mosaic Puerto Rico virus (68% identity). Hence, the Jamaican begomovirus was considered an isolate of MaYMV and called Macroptilium yellow mosaic virus -[Jamaica] (MaYMV-[JM]). In infectivity studies using cloned DNA-A and DNA-B genomic components, MaYMV-[JM] infected red kidney bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) and produced mild symptoms in Scotch Bonnet pepper ( Capsicum chinense ), but did not infect cabbage ( Brassica oleracea ). This information has implications for the development of strategies to control begomovirus diseases in Jamaica and elsewhere. 相似文献
7.
Genetic diversity and mixed infections of begomoviruses infecting tomato, pepper and cucurbit crops in Nicaragua 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
M. Ala-Poikela E. Svensson ‡ A. Rojas T. Horko L. Paulin J. P. T. Valkonen A. Kvarnheden † 《Plant pathology》2005,54(4):448-459
Begomoviruses were detected in Nicaraguan fields of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) and adjacently growing plants of pepper ( Capsicum annuum ), chilli pepper ( C . baccatum ), cushaw ( Cucurbita argyrosperma ) and Mexican fireplant ( Euphorbia heterophylla ) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and universal begomovirus primers. All tomato and Mexican fireplant plants showing symptoms were infected with begomoviruses, while only 30–46% of the pepper, chilli pepper and cushaw plants showing symptoms tested virus-positive. No begomoviruses were found in potato. The virus species were provisionally identified by sequencing 533 bp of the viral coat protein gene ( AV1 ). Tomato severe leaf curl virus (ToSLCV), Tomato leaf curl Sinaloa virus (ToLCSinV) and Pepper golden mosaic virus (PepGMV) were found to infect both tomato and pepper. A new provisional species designated Tomato leaf curl Las Playitas virus (ToLCLPV) was detected in a tomato plant. Squash yellow mottle virus (SYMoV) and PepGMV were found in cucurbits, the latter for the first time in this host. Euphorbia mosaic virus (EuMV) was detected in Mexican fireplant. Sequencing of a larger number of PCR-amplified clones from selected plants revealed intraspecific viral sequence variability, and also multiple begomovirus infections which could represent up to three species in a single tomato or cushaw plant. Phylogenetic grouping of virus sequences did not correlate with the host of origin. 相似文献
8.
Genomic characterization using nonradioactive probes, polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers for whitefly transmitted geminiviruses and nucleotide sequencing were used to describe a new bipartite geminivirus, associated with dwarfing and leaf curling of tomatoes and peppers in Jamaica. Partial DNA-A and DNA-B clones were obtained. DNA sequence analysis showed that tomato and pepper samples have a similar geminivirus associated with them. Nucleotide sequence identity > 92% between the common regions of DNA-A and DNA-B confirmed the bipartite nature of the Jamaican geminivirus isolates. Nucleotide sequence comparisons of DNA-A and DNA-B with those of geminiviruses representing the major phylogenetic groups of Western Hemisphere geminiviruses showed the greatest similarity to potato yellow mosaic virus and members of the Abutilon mosaic virus cluster of geminiviruses. This new virus is given the name tomato dwarf leaf curl virus (TDLCV) because of the dwarfing and leaf curling symptoms associated with infected tomato plants. Polymerase chain reaction and Southern hybridization showed mixed infections of TDLCV with tomato yellow leaf curl virus from Israel in 16% of the field samples of tomatoes and peppers. 相似文献
9.
ABSTRACT The bipartite DNA genome of Cotton leaf crumple virus (CLCrV), a whitefly-transmitted begomovirus from the Sonoran Desert, was cloned and completely sequenced. The cloned CLCrV genome was infectious when biolistically delivered to cotton or bean seedlings and progeny virus was whitefly-transmissible. Koch's postulates were completed by the reproduction of characteristic leaf crumple symptoms in cotton seedlings infected with cloned CLCrV DNA, thereby verifying the etiology of leaf crumple disease, which has been known in the southwestern United States since the 1950s. Sequence comparisons confirmed that CLCrV has a genome organization typical of yet sufficiently divergent from all other bipartite begomoviruses to justify recognition as a distinct species. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that CLCrV has a complex evolutionary history probably involving both recombination and reassortment. The relatively low nucleotide sequence identity (77%) of the common region shared by the CLCrV DNA-A and DNA-B components and the distinct phylogenetic relationships of each component are consistent with component reassortment. Sequence analyses indicated that the CLCrV DNA-A component was likely derived by recombination among ancestors of two divergent clades (e.g., the Squash leaf curl virus [SLCV] clade and the Abutilon mosaic virus clade) of Western Hemisphere begomoviruses. The CLCrV DNA-B component also may have originated by recombination among an ancestor of the SLCV clade and another distantly related but unknown Western Hemisphere begomovirus. 相似文献
10.
ABSTRACT Seven crop and eight weed species from 12 agricultural locations in Trinidad and Tobago were assayed for the presence of whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses (WTGs) by using dot blot hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the N-terminal coat protein sequence with degenerate primers. The amplified fragments were cloned and analyzed by restriction enzyme digestion to determine fragment length polymorphism among the cloned fragments. Representative clones were then sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis to determine the sequence similarity to known WTGs. WTGs were found in every location sampled and in 10 of the 15 species investigated: Lycopersicon esculentum(tomato), Capsicum annuum (pepper), Capsicum frutescens (sweet pepper), Abelmoschus esculentus (okra), Phaseolus vulgaris (beans), Alternanthera tenella, Desmodium frutescens, Euphorbia heterophylla, Malva alceifolia, and Sida acuta. The geminiviruses infecting these plants were closely related to potato yellow mosaic virus from Venezuela (PYMV-VE) and tomato leaf curl virus from Panama (ToLCV-PA). However, in pepper, sweet pepper, okra, Alternanthera tenella, Euphorbia heterophylla, Des-modium frutescens, and in one sample of tomato, a PYMV-VE-related virus was found in mixed infections with a virus related to pepper huasteco virus. Full-length infectious DNA-A and DNA-B of a tomato-infecting geminivirus from Trinidad and Tobago were cloned and sequenced. DNA-A appears to be a recombinant derived from PYMV-VE or ToLCV-PA, and Sida golden mosaic from Honduras. The implications of these findings in the control of WTGs are discussed. 相似文献
11.
Identification of a defective molecule derived from DNA-A of the bipartite begomovirus of East African cassava mosaic virus 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
J. Ndunguru † J. P. Legg I. B. F. Fofana T. A. S. Aveling G. Thompson C. M. Fauquet 《Plant pathology》2006,55(1):2-10
Geminivirus defective interfering DNAs arise spontaneously in mechanically inoculated test plants, and have previously been found with DNA-B of the bipartite cassava mosaic geminiviruses, but not DNA-A. Reported here for the first time is the cloning and characterization of a naturally occurring truncated form of cassava mosaic geminivirus DNA-A, which at 1525 nt is around half the expected full size. Sequence analysis has shown it to be a defective (df) form of East African cassava mosaic virus (EACMV) DNA-A that has retained its cis elements essential for replication by the helper virus, and it has been termed df DNA-A 15. Phylogenetic comparisons placed the df DNA-A 15 molecule close to mild and severe isolates of EACMV-UG2. Biolistic inoculation of Nicotiana benthamiana with infectious df DNA-A 15 clone and East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus (EACMCV) resulted in symptom amelioration as compared with EACMCV singly inoculated plants, and there was an accumulation of df DNA-A 15 in systemically infected leaves. In addition, the level of EACMV DNA-B accumulation was reduced in the coinoculated plants compared with those inoculated with EACMCV alone. PCR and sequence analysis confirmed the helper virus as EACMV. 相似文献
12.
13.
Anburaj D. Barnabas Girish K. Radhakrishnan Usha Ramakrishnan 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,127(1):41-51
The virus causing horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum) yellow mosaic disease has been shown to be a typical Old World bipartite begomovirus. The viral origin of the disease has
been established through agroinoculation of horsegram using partial tandem repeat clones of both DNA-A and DNA-B. The DNA-A
genome shows less than 89% identity with the corresponding sequences of all the begomoviruses in the databases earlier to
this sequence submission (AJ627904). Therefore Horsegram yellow mosaic virus (HgYMV-[IN:Coi]) can be considered to be a new species of the genus Begomovirus (family Geminiviridae). Phylogenetic analysis shows that this virus is part of the cluster of mungbean yellow mosaic viruses of legumes from South
and South East Asia. 相似文献
14.
Q. S. Novaes J. Freitas-Astua V. A. Yuki E. W. Kitajima L. E. A. Camargo J. A. M. Rezende † 《Plant pathology》2003,52(5):648-654
During the spring of 2001, approximately 10 000 yellow passion flower plants, from two orchards in the county of Livramento de Nossa Senhora, Bahia State, Brazil, exhibited intense yellow mosaic symptoms and drastic reduction of the leaf lamina and plant development. A large population of whiteflies ( Bemisia tabaci ) was also found colonizing the plants. All field samples collected tested positive for Passion fruit woodiness virus in DAS-ELISA. Five out of 20 passion flower plants inoculated with adult whiteflies collected from diseased plants in the field developed symptoms 20–30 days after inoculation. Two of these plants gave a positive reaction in TAS-ELISA using antiserum against a begomovirus. Degenerated PCR primers amplified viral DNA fragments from the DNA-A and DNA-B components of a begomovirus infecting these plants. The fragment corresponding to the core region of the coat protein (DNA-A) was cloned and sequenced. A phylogenetic analysis placed this begomovirus isolated from passion flower in the same clade of the New World begomoviruses as several other species from Brazil. Based on the symptoms induced by this virus alone, the disease was tentatively named passion flower little leaf mosaic. 相似文献
15.
16.
E. Fiallo-Olivé C. Hernández-Zepeda D. Trejo-Saavedra J. Carrillo-Tripp R. F. Rivera-Bustamante Y. Martínez-Zubiaur 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,134(1):13-21
Tomato plants showing symptoms of yellow mottle and leaf distortion, first observed in eastern Cuba in 2007, have been shown to be associated with the presence of a novel bipartite begomovirus (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae) species, Tomato yellow leaf distortion virus (ToYLDV), for which the DNA-A has already been sequenced. Here, we present the completion of ToYLDV genome characterization by cloning and sequencing the DNA-B component. In addition, we constructed infectious clones that were used to inoculate tomato, soybean, Nicotiana tabacum and N. benthamiana plants by a biolistic procedure. Cloned ToYLDV reproduced the symptoms observed in tomato in the field, thus confirming that this begomovirus is the causal agent of the disease present in Cuba. 相似文献
17.
为明确南瓜叶片上卷、黄化的症状是否由病毒侵染引起,本研究采用小RNA深度测序对采集自陕西地区的南瓜叶片样品进行了鉴定。结果显示,侵染南瓜样品的病毒可能是中国南瓜曲叶病毒(squash leaf curl China virus, SLCCNV)。经PCR扩增并且克隆测序获得了病毒的DNA-A和DNA-B组分的全基因组序列。序列比对发现,所克隆的DNA-A组分与SLCCNV海南分离物(SLCCNV-Hn61)DNA-A的一致性最高,为99.1%;DNA-B组分与SLCCNV-Hn61和三亚分离物SLCCNV-SY的DNA-B组分一致性最高,为96.8%。系统进化树分析发现所克隆的DNA-A和DNA-B组分分别与SLCCNV-Hn61和SLCCNV-SY的亲缘关系最近。以上研究结果表明侵染陕西南瓜叶片的病毒是SLCCNV的分离物。这是首次报道SLCCNV在陕西地区的危害,研究结果为当地经济作物南瓜的病害防控提供参考。 相似文献
18.
ABSTRACT Pepper huasteco virus (PHV) and Pepper golden mosaic virus (PepGMV) are found in mixtures in many horticultural crops in Mexico. This combination constitutes an interesting, naturally occurring model system to study several aspects of virus-virus interactions. Possible interactions between PHV and PepGMV were studied at four levels: symptom expression, gene expression, replication, and movement. In terms of symptom expression, the interaction was shown to be host-dependent because antagonism was observed in pepper, whereas synergism was detected in tobacco and Nicotiana benthamiana. PHV and PepGMV did not generate viable pseudorecombinant viruses; however, their replication is increased during mixed infections. An asymmetric complementation in movement was observed because PHV was able to support the systemic movement of PepGMV A whereas PepGMV did not support the systemic distribution of PHV A. Heterologous transactivation of both coat protein promoters also was detected. Several conclusions can be drawn from these experiments. First, viruses coinfecting the same plant can interact at several levels (replication, movement) and in different manners (synergism, antagonism); some interactions might be host dependent; and natural mixed infections could be a potential source of geminivirus variability by generating viable tripartite combinations that could facilitate recombination events. 相似文献
19.
ABSTRACT Sixangle foldwing, Dicliptera sexangularis (Acanthaceae), showing severe yellow mottle and leaf distortion symptoms was collected from the shoreline of Calusa Island (Lee County, FL). The putative virus was transmitted from infected D. sexangularis to healthy seedlings by mechanical, whitefly (Bemisia tabaci biotype B), and graft-inoculations. Different forms of geminivirus-like DNAs were detected in total DNA extracted from infected plants by Southern blot hybridization analyses using DNA-A and -B of Bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) from Guatemala as probes. Preliminary polymerase chain reaction experiments and sequence comparisons indicated that the virus was a distinct bipartite begomovirus. The virus was designated Dicliptera yellow mottle virus (DiYMV). Replicative dsDNAs of DiYMV were extracted, digested with selected restriction enzymes, and cloned into a plasmid vector. Both DNA-A and -B were sequenced and compared with those of other begomoviruses. Phylogenetic analyses using AV1, AC1, and BV1 nucleotide sequences indicated that DiYMV has a close relationship with the New World begomoviruses, especially those distributed in the nearby geographic areas of the Florida coast and the Caribbean Basin. However, different percent nucleotide sequence identities and phylogenetic relationships were detected when different open reading frames (ORFs) of DiYMV were compared with their counterparts from begomoviruses from the Caribbean Basin. Based on phylogenetic analyses of the AC1 and BV1 ORFs, DiYMV was closely related to BGMV type II isolates, whereas sequence comparisons of the common region and the AC4-derived amino acid sequences indicated its close relationship with Potato yellow mosaic virus from Venezuela. 相似文献
20.
ABSTRACT The biological and molecular properties of Tomato leaf curl Gujarat virus from Varanasi, India (ToLCGV-[Var]) were characterized. ToLCGV-[Var] could be transmitted by grafting and through whitefly transmission in a persistent manner. The full-length genome of DNA-A and DNA-B of ToLCGV-[Var] was cloned in pUC18. Sequence analysis revealed that DNA-A (AY190290) is 2,757 bp and DNA-B (AY190291) is 2,688 bp in length. ToLCGV-[Var] could infect and cause symptoms in tomato, pepper, Nicotiana benthamiana, and N. tabacum when partial tandem dimeric constructs of DNA-A and DNA-B were co-inoculated by particle bombardment. DNA-A alone also is infectious, but symptoms were milder and took longer to develop. ToLCGV-Var virus can be transmitted through sap inoculation from infected tomato plants to the above-mentioned hosts causing the same symptoms. Open reading frames (ORFs) in both DNA-A and DNA-B are organized similarly to those in other begomoviruses. DNA-A and DNA-B share a common region of 155 bp with only 60% sequence identity. DNA-B of ToLCGV-[Var] shares overall 80% identity with DNA-B of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus-Severe (ToLCNDV-Svr) and 75% with ToLCNDV-[Lucknow] (ToLCNDV-[Luc]). Comparison of DNA-A sequence with different begomoviruses indicates that ToLCGV-[Var] shares 84% identity with Tomato leaf curl Karnataka virus (ToLCKV) and 66% with ToLCNDV-Svr. ToLCGV-[Var] shares a maximum of 98% identity with another isolate of the same region (ToLCGV-[Mir]; AF449999) and 97% identity with one isolate from Gujarat (ToLCGV-[Vad]; AF413671). All three viruses belong to the same species that is distinct from all the other geminivirus species described so far in the genus Begomovirus of the family Geminiviridae. The name Tomato leaf curl Gujarat virus is proposed because the first sequence was taken from an isolate of Gujarat, India. 相似文献