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1.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonized plants often have greater tolerance to drought than nonmycorrhizal (nonAM) plants. Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), whose roots were colonized with Glomus mosseae (Gms) and G. monosporum (Gmn), were grown in a greenhouse to determine effects of water stress (WS) on shoot and root dry matter (DM), root length (RL), and shoot phosphorus (P), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) concentrations and contents. Mycorrhizal colonization was higher in well‐watered (nonWS) plants colonized with both AM isolates than WS plants, and Gms had greater colonization than Gmn under both soil moisture conditions. Shoot and root DM were higher in AM than in nonAM plants irrespective of soil moisture, and Gms plants had higher shoot but not root DM than Gmn plants grown under either soil moisture condition. Total RL of AM plants was greater than nonAM plants, but was consistently lower for plants grown with WS than with nonWS. The AM plants had similar shoot P and Mn concentrations as nonAM plants, but contents were higher in AM than in nonAM plants. The AM plants had higher shoot Zn, Cu, and Fe concentrations and contents than nonAM plants. The Gms plants grown under nonWS generally had higher nutrient contents than Gmn plants, but nutrient contents were similar for both Gms and Gmn plants grown under WS. The results demonstrated a positive relationship between enhanced growth and AM root colonization for plants grown under nonWS and WS. 相似文献
2.
以芥菜(Brassica Juncea Coss.)的子叶为外植体,通过根癌农杆菌（Agrobacterium tumefaciens）的介导,将商陆抗病毒蛋白（PAP）基因导入到芥菜中。对所获得的40株抗性植株进行PCR扩增,其中阳性植株为29株;Southern blot分析结果证明PAP基因已被整合到芥菜基因组中,在大多数转基因植株中外源基因呈单挎贝,少数为双挎贝;Northern blot分析结果表明,PAP在转基因植株中正常表达。转基因植株接种病毒试验初步结果表明,转PAP基因的植株对TuMV的侵染有一定的抑制作用。 相似文献
3.
In a greenhouse pot experiment, maize was grown inoculated with the spores of the VAM fungi Glomus mosseae and Glomas multicaulis or non‐inoculated. Low soluble ferrous phosphate (FePO4.4H2O) was added to the mycorrhized and non‐mycorrhized maize. The fresh and dry weights of mycorrhized plants with added phosphate (P) were higher than in mycorrhized plants without added P or non‐mycorrhized plants with added P. The amount of P in the soil samples from pots with mycorrhizal plants fertilized with P was evidently smaller than those in samples also fertilized non‐mycorrhizal plants. The percentage of P was higher in tissues of fertilized mycorrhizal plants than in those mycorrhized plants without or non‐mycorrhized plants with added low‐ soluble P. These results indicated that plants in VAM symbiosis mobilize P better from low‐soluble P than non‐mycorrhized plants. 相似文献
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植物促生微生物挥发性物质的生态功能研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
植物促生微生物通过各种途径有益于植物的生长发育,而其产生的挥发性物质在这一过程中的作用不可忽视。挥发性物质低分子量、弱极性、高蒸汽压、低沸点、亲脂性的特点使其与微生物其他性质的代谢产物相比,具有能够长距离传播、介导生物体间非接触的相互作用、低浓度即可被感知等优势。本文从植物促生微生物挥发性物质促进植物生长发育、对植物的化感作用、诱导植物系统抗性、促进植物次级代谢产物积累、抑制植物病虫害的发生与发展、阻碍食草动物取食等方面综述了植物促生微生物挥发性物质重要的生态功能及这些功能间的相互关系和具体作用机制,并对植物促生微生物挥发性物质今后的研究方向和应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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为探究有机多肽酶活性促进剂对鲜食型甘薯产量和品质的调控效应,在大田条件下,以鲜食型甘薯品种龙薯9号和苏薯8号为供试材料,每个品种设置全生育期不喷施有机多肽酶活性促进剂(CK)、有机多肽酶活性促进剂栽插前蘸根+栽后40 d叶面喷施(P1)和有机多肽酶活性促进剂栽插时灌根+栽后40 d叶面喷施(P2)3个处理,研究其对鲜食型品种干物质积累分配、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,2个品种的P1和P2处理生长中后期叶片的磷酸蔗糖合成酶(SPS)活性、蔗糖含量、收获期植株总干重和块根干重均显著高于CK。龙薯9号各处理收获期的侧枝茎和块根干物质分配比例均无显著差异,P1和P2处理的主茎下部叶、主茎下部茎干物质分配比例均显著低于CK;苏薯8号P2处理的主茎下部叶、主茎下部茎、侧枝茎和侧枝生长点干物质分配比例均显著低于CK和P1处理,块根干物质分配比例显著高于CK和P1,分别提高8.98%和6.23%。龙薯9号P2处理收获期块根可溶性糖含量与P1无显著差异,但显著低于CK,降低5.22%,P2处理的块根淀粉含量显著高于CK和P1,分别提高18.76%和9.23%,干率与P1处理无显著差异,但均显著高于CK,分别提高4.56%和5.71%;苏薯8号块根的可溶性糖含量各处理无显著差异,且P2处理的块根淀粉含量和干率与P1均无显著差异,但显著高于CK,其中淀粉含量提高6.13%,干率提高4.51%。2个品种P2处理的块根产量均显著高于CK和P1,其中龙薯9号分别提高30.46%和14.42%,苏薯8号分别提高27.72%和11.69%。综上,施用有机多肽酶活性促进剂有利于提高鲜食型品种块根产量和淀粉含量,其中P2处理增产幅度最高,其对可溶性糖含量的调控存在品种间差异。本研究为鲜食型甘薯提质增效和生态种植技术提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)能与宿主植物形成共生体,广泛存在于陆地生态系统中。大量研究表明,不同水分条件下,植物通过接种AMF比未接种AMF的植物具有更强的水分吸收能力和更高的水分利用效率。在干旱、盐胁迫下,接种AMF能有效提高宿主植物的耐旱性与耐盐性。本文综述了不同水分条件下,与植物共生的AMF通过扩大植物根系吸收面积、改善根系结构,增强植物根系吸收水分能力的相关研究进展。土壤中根外菌丝网络的形成,不但为植物增加了水分吸收途径(菌根途径),还通过改善植物体内的矿质营养来调节植物对水分的吸收,进而影响植物的水分吸收状况；不同水分条件下,根系被AMF侵染后植物的光合作用、蒸腾作用以及气孔导度都得到增强,植物蒸腾作用的增强能够直接有效的提升植物的蒸腾拉力,因此植物对水分的吸收能力得以提升。同时,被AMF侵染的植物的水分利用率、蒸腾速率以及净光合速率得以提升从而提高了植物的水分利用能力。进一步总结了缺水胁迫(干旱胁迫、盐胁迫)严重影响植物体内的水分状况,通过接种AMF可以有效调节植物在缺水胁迫下植物体内渗透调节物质的含量、抗氧化酶的活性,平衡植物体内离子平衡,提升植物光合、蒸腾作用水平,从而提高植物的耐胁迫能力。本文通过综述不同水分条件下,接种AMF对植物的影响及机制,期望为未来新型菌剂的研发与菌根互作对植物水分状况的改善提供支撑。 相似文献
8.
商陆抗病毒蛋白基因转化芥菜的获得及抗性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以芥菜(Brassica Juncea Coss.)的子叶为外植体,通过根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)的介导,将商陆抗病毒蛋白基因PAP导入到芥菜中。对所获得的40株抗性植株进行PCR扩增,其中阳性植株为29株;Southern blot分析结果证明PAP基因已被整合到芥菜基因组中,在大多数转基因植株中外源基因呈单拷贝,少数为双拷贝;Northern blot分析结果表明,PAP在转基因植株中正常表达。转基因植株接种病毒试验初步结果表明,转PAP基因的植株对芜菁花叶病毒TuMV的侵染有一定的抑制作用。 相似文献
9.
Metabolic response of Medicago sativa to severe nutrient imbalances and disturbances under field conditions 
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下载免费PDF全文 Our experiments were focused on the metabolic footprint of mineral‐nutrient availability under field conditions. While there are multiple factors potentially blurring such footprints, we hypothesized that physiological and metabolic adaptations of established plants are particularly important mechanisms under field conditions. To study respective differences between young and established plants and to study the impact of disturbances on the adaptive capacity of established plants, we analyzed Medicago sativa plants of different age from plots with marked differences in the levels of soil mineral nutrients established in a long‐term fertilization experiment. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to determine metabolite profiles of sink and source leaves of plants in an early state of development (“young plants”), just before the first harvest (“established plants”), and a short time after the second harvest (“regrowing plants”). Metabolite profiles from young plants were markedly responsive to soil mineral nutrients and resembled respective profiles from controlled conditions, demonstrating that overall variability of growth and sampling conditions had relatively little importance for the metabolite profiles recorded. In the case of established plants, however, we observed only little impact of availability of mineral nutrients on metabolite profiles. This low metabolic responsiveness of plants was partially lost after severe disturbances (removal of the plant shoot). Metabolite profiling, in summary, is able to detect a metabolic footprint of mineral‐nutrient availability in young plants under field conditions and may provide information about the ability of older plants to partially uncouple their metabolism from the environment. In addition, it is also possible to determine the impact of disturbances on this ability of the plant organism. 相似文献
10.
McGorum BC Fry SC Wallace G Coenen K Robb J Williamson G Aruoma OI 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(6):2346-2352
To investigate the etiology of equine dysautonomia (ED), a degenerative polyneuropathy affecting grazing horses, the biochemical composition and antioxidant/prooxidant activities of aqueous extracts of plants collected from ED pastures were determined. Plants collected immediately after an outbreak of ED had reduced antioxidant and weak prooxidant activities when compared with control plants (plants collected from ED pastures out of ED season and control plants from ED pastures that were grown under favorable conditions). ED plants also had significantly increased concentrations of fructose and low molecular weight phenolic compounds, significantly more of one amino acid zone (probably valine), significantly less tartaric acid, and a nonsignificant decrease in ascorbic acid content when compared with control plants from ED pastures that were grown under favorable conditions. These findings suggest that ED plants may be under oxidative stress, possibly due to chilling, drought, or fungal colonization. However, experimental drought and chilling of plants did not reproduce the biochemical alterations identified in ED plants. It is possible that the altered biochemical content of ingested plants may contribute, directly or indirectly, to the development of ED in grazing horses. 相似文献
11.
以成都天台山及其周边区域马尾松、柳杉、杉木林为研究对象,通过野外调查、室内测试分析,开展了针叶林岩—土—植系统中毒害元素赋存规律研究,结果表明:3种针叶林立地As,Hg元素岩石库风化对土壤地质潜在输入次序为杉木林地、马尾松林地、柳杉林地;5种毒害元素中As,Hg,Cd,Pb4种元素均表现出在土壤表层有累积态势;而As元素在马尾松、柳杉等植物体运移能力强;Hg元素在杉木体内容易迁移;Al元素在杉木、柳杉内部的运输能力高;Pb元素在柳杉、马尾松中有较高的迁移能力;Cd在马尾松内容易发生转移;3种针叶树种对Pb,Hg,Cd的赋存能力高,而对Al,As两种元素的赋存能力较低。 相似文献
12.
Comparison of Ni/Zn Accumulation Ability of Thlaspi japonicum from Three Different Areas in Hokkaido
Takafumi Mizuno Hitoshi Obata Kenji Horie Shiro Nosaka Naoharu Mizuno 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2005,51(4):589-594
Thlaspi japonicum is a Japanese Ni-hyperaccumulator plant growing in areas with serpentine soil containing a high level of Ni. In the present study, we investigated the ability of wild Thlaspi japonicum plants inhabiting non-ultramafic soil areas of Hokkaido to accumulate Ni/Zn. Wild T. japonicum plants growing on Rebun Island (Rebun-T) accumulated small amounts of Ni, while the plants cultivated on ultramafic rock soil accumulated large amounts of Ni, like T. japonicum growing on Mt. Yubari (Yubari-T), and this change was also observed for T. japonicum growing on Mt. Tengu (Tengu-T). All the T. japonicum plants transplanted on both ultramaflc soil or Andosol accumulated over 100 mg kg−1 Zn, especially the Ni/Zn content of Tengu-T plants tended to be higher than that of the plants growing in the other two areas. In contrast, transplanting of Yubari-T plants from ultramafic soil with a high level of Ni to soil with a lower-Ni content decrease of the Ni concentration in the leaves. Wild Rebun-T plants showed a smaller biomass than the Yubari-T and Tengu-T plants, and some individuals of the Rebun-T population were smaller than those of the other populations, with tiny radical leaves. Zinc content of the small leaves was not significantly different from that in large leaves. These results suggested that T. japonicum plants are able to accumulate high Ni/Zn accumulation, regardless ecotype, habitat and leaf size. 相似文献
13.
鄱阳湖典型区域重金属污染的水生植物监测与评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对不同水期鄱阳湖饶河入湖段不同区域的水生植物进行了重金属元素Cu,Zn,Pb和Cd等的污染调查与室内监测分析,结果表明:水生植物对重金属元素的吸收与积累反映了环境中的重金属污染水平,不同水生植物对各种重金属元素的吸收富集状况具有相对一致性,即Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd;对各种水生植物在不同时期的重金属综合污染指数(MPI)评价结果表明:多数水生植物的重金属综合污染指数以枯水期高于丰水期为主;大部分水生植物根部的重金属含量比茎、叶等部分偏高,反映了重金属元素在植物不同部位细胞体内的迁移特性。 相似文献
14.
S. Greipsson 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(8):1659-1665
Iron (Fe) plaque on roots of rice was found to lessen the toxic effects of zinc (Zn). With excess Zn, plants with Fe plaque had significantly greater dry mass of roots and foliage than plants without plaque. In the excess of Zn, plants with Fe plaque had higher concentrations of Fe but lower Zn than plants without plaque, although the differences were not significant. In the excess of copper (Cu) or nickel (Ni), plants with Fe plaque had significantly lower concentration of phosphorus (P) in leaves than plants without plaque. It is suggested that the low concentration of P in leaves of plants with plaque will increase the concentration of “active iron”; inside leaves, and therefore, increase their tolerance against heavy metal toxicity. 相似文献
15.
Kawahigashi H Hirose S Ohkawa H Ohkawa Y 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(23):9155-9160
We introduced the human cytochrome P450 gene CYP2B6 into rice plants (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare), and the CYP2B6-expressing rice plants became more tolerant to various herbicides than nontransgenic Nipponbare rice plants. In particular, CYP2B6 rice plants grown in soil showed tolerance to the chloroacetanilide herbicides alachlor and metolachlor. We evaluated the degradation of metolachlor by CYP2B6 rice plants to confirm the metabolic activity of the introduced CYP2B6. Although both CYP2B6 and nontransgenic Nipponbare rice plants could decrease the amount of metolachlor in plant tissue and culture medium, CYP2B6 rice plants could remove much greater amounts. In a greenhouse, the ability of CYP2B6 rice plants to remove metolachlor was confirmed in large-scale experiments, in which these plants appeared able to decrease residual quantities of metolachlor in water and soil. 相似文献
16.
不同供氮形态下油菜幼苗对盐胁迫的响应 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为比较不同供氮形态下油菜对盐胁迫的响应,通过供应铵态氮和硝态氮,探讨盐胁迫对油菜幼苗生物量、 光合作用、 离子含量等的效应。结果表明: 非盐胁迫条件下的硝态氮处理的植株生物量和叶片光合参数均显著高于其它处理; 在盐胁迫条件下,两种供氮形态处理油菜的生长和光合均受到明显抑制,其中铵态氮处理表现的抑制效应较显著,且其光合抑制主要来自气孔限制。在两种供氮条件下,盐胁迫使得植株Na+浓度均显著增加,其中铵态氮处理的叶片和叶柄中Na+浓度的增幅大于硝态氮处理,而其根中Na+浓度则小于硝态氮处理。盐胁迫导致两种供氮形态下整株和叶柄中K+浓度均显著降低,而在根中,则只造成硝态氮处理的K+浓度的显著降低。在整株水平上,盐胁迫下铵态氮处理的K+ 、 Na+的选择性比率（SK,Na）要显著低于硝态氮处理。综上,在盐胁迫条件下,硝态氮处理对K+吸收维持较高的相对选择性是其耐盐性高于铵态氮处理的重要原因。 相似文献
17.
甘蔗尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶基因(UGPase)转化拟南芥及转基因植株的生理特性分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase,UGPase)是植物糖代谢的主要参与酶之一,在植物的生长发育过程中起着重要作用。本研究将甘蔗(Saccharum officinarum)UGPase基因cDNA片段连接至载体pBI121,通过BamHⅠ和SacⅠ酶切鉴定及测序验证,结果表明,植物表达载体成功构建;通过农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)的介导,采用浸花法转化拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)。结合卡那霉素抗性筛选和PCR检测,获得了5株T0代转基因植株。对T1代转基因植株进行PCR及Southern blot分析,结果表明,目的基因已成功转入拟南芥中,并且不同的转化植株含有目的基因的拷贝数不同。对T2代转基因植株进行PCR和RT-PCR检测,结果表明,目的基因不仅能在自交系后代中稳定遗传,而且在RNA水平也有表达。同时,对T2代转基因植株的可溶性总糖、蔗糖及淀粉含量进行测定,结果表明,与野生型相比,转基因植株中可溶性总糖含量没有明显的变化,但蔗糖含量有所提高,并且差异明显,比野生型植株提高了50.85%~96.99%,而淀粉含量都较野生型植株的低,降低了9.69%~36.76%。说明UGPase在蔗糖与淀粉的转换过程中起着较为重要的作用,其催化的反应方向影响着组织中这两种产物(蔗糖和淀粉)的分配。 相似文献
18.
Toshio Sugimoto Ryoichi Masuda Makoto Kito Naomasa Shiraishi Yoshikiyo Oji 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):273-279
We compared the concentrations and contents of protein and oil in mature seeds from nodulated and non-nodulated soybean plants grown on soils with four different N levels during maturation. We observed a positive correlation between the contents of protein and oil in seeds from nodulated plants. Seeds from nodulated plants grown on urea-treated soil showed higher protein and lower oil contents than those from plants grown on soil treated with coated slow release N fertilizer (LP-100). Contents of these compounds in seeds from nodulated plants grown on LP-100 soil were almost the same as those from non-nodulated plants on the same soil. These observations indicated that N economy in roots during seed maturation affects the contents of storage compounds. We suggested that the control of the N2 fixation activity of soybean plants and management of soil N level during seed maturation are important to determine the contents of protein and oil in seeds. 相似文献
19.
刘锡娟 《农业生物技术学报》2007,15(6)
林敏教授课题组从具有草甘膦抗性的荧光假单胞菌G2中克隆了EPSP合酶基因aroAG2，根据aroAG2的氨基酸序列，按照双子叶植物偏爱密码子人工合成aroAG2M基因。我们利用aroAG2M基因和Impactvector1.4，构建了以菊花Rubisco启动子和叶绿体信号肽驱动aroAG2M基因高效表达的植物表达载体Pim1.4-epsps-plus，以农杆菌介导法转化烟草，转基因烟草经PCR和Southern检测，证明外源基因已整合到基因组中，转基因烟草具有草甘膦抗性。以花粉管通道法转化棉花，经草甘膦抗性筛选得到T1代转基因棉花3株，转基因棉花的PCR和Southern检测结果均为阳性，说明目的基因已通过花粉管通道法导入棉花。 相似文献
20.
Phytoremediation of the herbicides atrazine and metolachlor by transgenic rice plants expressing human CYP1A1, CYP2B6, and CYP2C19 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Kawahigashi H Hirose S Ohkawa H Ohkawa Y 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(8):2985-2991
This study evaluated the expression of human cytochrome P450 genes CYP1A1, CYP2B6, and CYP2C19 in rice plants (Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare) introduced using the plasmid pIKBACH. The transgenic rice plants (pIKBACH rice plants) became more tolerant toward various herbicides than nontransgenic Nipponbare rice plants. Rice plants expressing pIKBACH grown in soil showed tolerance to the herbicides atrazine, metolachlor, and norflurazon and to a mixture of the three herbicides. The degradation of atrazine and metolachlor by pIKBACH rice plants was evaluated to confirm the metabolic activity of the introduced P450s. Although both pIKBACH and nontransgenic Nipponbare rice plants could decrease the amounts of the herbicides in plant tissue and culture medium, pIKBACH rice plants removed greater amounts in greenhouse experiments. The ability of pIKBACH rice plants to remove atrazine and metolachlor from soil was confirmed in large-scale experiments. The metabolism of herbicides by pIKBACH rice plants was enhanced by the introduced P450 species. Assuming that public and commercial acceptance is forthcoming, pIKBACH rice plants may become useful tools for the breeding of herbicide-tolerant crops and for phytoremediation of environmental pollution by organic chemicals. 相似文献