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农作物单产遥感估算模型研究进展 总被引：9，自引：6，他引：3
作物单产估算是农作物估产中的关键技术,也是作物估产的难点之一.遥感技术凭借其宏观、及时和动态等特点已在农作物产量估算中占据着极为重要的地位,运用遥感信息建模估算作物产量已成为区域作物估产的必然要求.在总结农作物单产遥感估算模型研究成果的基础上,将作物单产遥感估算方法划分为四种模式加以详细阐述,分析了用于单产建模的遥感数据源的多元化趋势,讨论了如何有效验证模型估算精度的问题,最后对作物单产遥感估算模型今后的发展趋势作了展望. 相似文献
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基于合成孔径雷达的农作物识别研究进展 总被引：13，自引：8，他引：5
精准识别农作物对于及时准确估计农作物种植面积、产量等关键农情信息具有重要意义。合成孔径雷达（synthetic aperture radar,SAR）以其不受云雨天气影响,可全天时、全天候监测等优点已被广泛应用于农情遥感监测领域,为大区域尺度的农作物遥感识别提供了强有力的数据保障和技术支持。该文以雷达技术的发展进程为论述主线,对20余年来国内外农作物SAR识别研究与实践应用的新进展进行了系统总结,具体归纳为4个方面：早期研究（20世纪80年代末－2002年）,特征是以单波段、单极化、多时相SAR数据为主;基于多极化、多波段SAR数据进行农作物识别与面积监测研究;利用SAR与光学遥感相结合提高农作物的识别精度与效率研究;农作物SAR分类算法研究。在今后农作物SAR识别研究中,对于复杂种植结构背景下的旱地作物识别,如何优化组合SAR系统工作参数（极化方式、频率及入射角等）及与光学遥感融合来提高农作物识别精度与时效性,发展机理性的农作物SAR分类算法将是需要重点解决的3个问题。 相似文献
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多时相归一化植被指数NDVI的时空特征提取与作物长势模型设计 总被引：30，自引：14，他引：16
目前国内外对作物长势遥感监测研究主要集中在发展具体指标及其定量化,忽略了作物长势的时空特征。作物长势是一个时空变化的过程,同一时相的作物长势在空间地域上和同一空间地域的作物在不同时相上存在差异。因此,时空特征的提取是进行大尺度作物长势监测的基础。该文讨论多时相归一化植被指数NDVI时空特征提取并反映为相关的特征参数,并讨论了作物长势监测模型的建立 相似文献
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作物生长模型的应用研究进展 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
作物生长模型不仅能够进行单点尺度上作物生长发育的动态模拟,而且能够从系统角度评价作物生长状态与环境要素的关系。本文通过梳理当前作物生长模型应用的诸多研究成果,剖析模型在气候变化对农业生产影响研究、作物生长模型区域应用中的关键问题,总结了当前以作物生长模型为核心的农业决策支持系统开发的研究情况,意在促进作物生长模型在生态、农业、区域气候资源和气候变化等研究中更广泛地应用。结果表明,作物生长模型在国内外的研究与应用广泛而深入,在气候变化背景下,应用作物生长模型进行历史时期气候条件和农业气象灾害对作物生产状况和产量的影响研究已相当广泛且相对成熟。利用全球气候模式（GCM）或区域气候模式（RCM）构建未来气候变化情景,再与作物生长模型耦合已发展成为评估未来气候变化对农业生产影响的重要手段。通过集成与整合多作物生长模型、多气候模式集合模拟、优化气候模拟数据订正方法可有效降低气候变化对农业生产影响评估的不确定性。遥感数据同化技术能够将站点模型运用到区域尺度上评价不同环境因子对农业生产的影响,拓宽了作物生长模型的应用尺度范围并有效提高作物产量估算的精度。以作物生长模型为核心的农业决策支持系统的研究与应用越来越多元化,是辅助农业生产管理和决策的重要工具。然而,由于作物生态系统的复杂性,作物生长模型模拟结果仍存在很大的不确定性,今后对作物生长机理及过程间耦合机制的探索还需加强,以便进一步完善和改进模型,促进作物生长模型更广泛地应用。 相似文献
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基于光谱和成像技术的作物养分生理信息快速检测研究进展 总被引：5，自引：10，他引：5
该文阐述了应用光谱和成像技术进行作物养分生理信息快速检测的主要研究进展和发展趋势。介绍了光谱和成像技术的基本原理、常用数据处理方法、建模方法和模型评价指标,重点总结了光谱和成像技术在5种常见农作物(水稻、小麦、油菜、玉米、大豆)的养分生理信息检测中的应用成果和研究进展(主要包括叶绿素类和氮素检测,病虫害、水分、杂草、重金属、农药胁迫诊断及产量预测等方面),分析了光谱和成像技术在作物生长信息检测的发展趋势。结果表明,光谱和成像技术能够快速无损获取作物养分生理信息,并能有效地对作物长势和逆境胁迫响应进行动态监测,对实现农业的精准化、数字化、信息化及智能化管理和作业具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Cooper J Sanderson R Cakmak I Ozturk L Shotton P Carmichael A Haghighi RS Tetard-Jones C Volakakis N Eyre M Leifert C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(9):4715-4724
The effects of organic versus conventional crop management practices (crop rotation, crop protection, and fertility management strategies) on wheat yields and grain metal (Al, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) concentrations were investigated in a long-term field trial. The interactions between crop management practices and the season that the crop was grown were investigated using univariate and redundancy analysis approaches. Grain yields were highest where conventional fertility management and crop protection practices were used, but growing wheat after a previous crop of grass/clover was shown to partially compensate for yield reductions due to the use of organic fertility management. All metals except for Pb were significantly affected by crop management practices and the year that the wheat was grown. Grain Cd and Cu levels were higher on average when conventional fertility management practices were used. Al and Cu were higher on average when conventional crop protection practices were used. The results demonstrate that there is potential to manage metal concentrations in the diet by adopting specific crop management practices shown to affect crop uptake of metals. 相似文献
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全国农作物叶面积指数遥感估算方法 总被引：20，自引：4，他引：16
目前对农作物叶面积指数LAI的遥感估算研究多是针对单一作物或是作物种植结构单一的区域,该文运用大尺度农作物叶面积指数的遥感估算方法,在像元尺度上对4个代表性实验站的LAI与归一化植被指数(NDVI)的相互关系进行了回归分析后,得到4种代表性作物种植结构的LAI估算模型,然后结合全国农作物种植结构数据对模型外推,建立了一个全国尺度的遥感模型,并估算了全国作物LAI。该文使用“863”项目山东遥感应用综合试验中的作物LAI观测数据进行了验证,结果表明该模型较其它估算模型达到了较高的精度,最大相对误差为39%,平均的相对误差为19%。该模型的计算结果已经在“中国农情遥感速报”系统中得到了广泛的应用。 相似文献
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N. K. Fageria 《Journal of plant nutrition》2014,37(6):795-810
Nitrogen (N) is one of the most yield-limiting nutrients in crop production around the world. The main reasons of N deficiency are low recovery efficiency (RE) of applied N fertilizers. The RE efficiency of N by most crop plants is lower than 50%. The lower RE of this element is associated with losses by volatilization, leaching, denitrification, and soil erosion. Some part of N is also immobilized in undecomposed organic materials and by soil microbial population. Nitrogen harvest index (NHI) is a ratio between N accumulated in grain to N accumulated in grain plus straw. The NHI is an important index in determining crop yields because it is positively associated with grain yield. Relationship between GHI and crop grain yield may be positive linear or quadratic depending on crop genotypes and soil and crop management practices adopted. In cereals retranslocation of previously assimilated N in the vegetative parts is the predominant source of N for the grain. The most important practices that can improve NHI are liming acid soils, use of adequate N rates, source and timing, planting N efficient crop species or genotypes within species, and use of appropriate crop rotation. 相似文献
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本文综述了作物种子胚乳中等位基因表达多态性的研究进展，介绍了基因组印记现象及其对作物种子胚乳性状的表观遗传及种子发育的影响。 相似文献
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杂草作为农田生态系统中的负效应组分，长期困扰农业生产活动。作物干扰，即作物对邻近杂草生长和繁殖的抑制作用，是基本的非化学除草方法之一。作物干扰可通过育种和栽培途径来增强，作物干扰能力的增强将伴随着一定的产量代价，但在某些条件下干扰能力强的作物品种有一定的产量优势。 相似文献
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The phosphorus (P) content of crop residues and its availability to a subsequent crop can range from agronomically insignificant, to quantities in excess of crop P requirement. However, the contribution of crop residues to the P nutrition of subsequent crops has not been widely recognised, and simple predictive tools are lacking. By reviewing the published literature in which quantitative measurements of P transformations from plant residues applied to soil have been reported, we have evaluated the contribution of crop residue-derived P to the P nutrition of subsequent crops, assessed the key factors involved and summarised the knowledge as an empirical model. The contribution of crop residues to P availability is likely to be significant only under conditions where large amounts of crop residues of relatively high P concentration are applied to soil. Crop residues with low P concentration, such as cereal stubble (eg. due to re-translocation of a large proportion of stubble P into grain), will not make an agronomically significant contribution to soil P availability, but may reduce P availability due to assimilation in the microbial biomass. However, a productive green manure crop may release sufficient P to meet the requirements of a subsequent cash crop. The release of P from crop residues is significantly reduced in systems where the P-status of crops and soils is low, which reinforces the reliance on external P inputs for sustained crop productivity. The large variability in the potential contributions of plant residues to the P nutrition of subsequent crops suggests that there is a strong need to integrate model predictions of organically-cycled P with fertiliser management strategies. 相似文献
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N availability is one of the most important factors limiting crop yield enhancement. The recovery of applications of 15N-labeled fertilizer and crop residues in a rice-wheat cropping system was determined for up to 6 consecutive growing seasons. The crop residues from the previous season were either incorporated or removed as two different treatments. Our results showed that 16. 55%-17.79% (17.17% on average) of the fertilizer N was recovered in the crop during the first growing season, suggesting that more than 80% of crop N was not directly from the N fertilizer. When 15N-labeled residues were applied, 12.01% was recovered in the crop in the first growing season. The average recoveries of fertilizer N and crop residue N in the soil after the first growing season were 33. 46% and 85. 64%, respectively. N from soil organic matter contributed approximately 83% of the N in the crop when 15N fertilizer was applied or 88% when crop residues were applied. There was a larger difference in the total 15N recovery in plant and soil between N applications in the forms of fertilizer and crop residues. Incorporation of crop residues following the 15N fertilizer application did not significantly promote 15N recovery in the crop or soil. On average, only additional 1.94% of N for the fertilizer-applied field or 5.97% of N for the crop residue-applied field was recovered by the crops during the 2nd and 3rd growing seasons. The total recoveries of 15N in crop and soil were approximately 64.38% for the fertilizer-applied field after 6 growing seasons and 79.11% for the crop residue-applied field after 5 growing seasons. Although fertilizer N appeared to be more readily available to crops than crop residue N, crop residue N replenished soil N pool, especially N from soil organic matter, much more than fertilizer N. Therefore, crop residue N was a better source for sustaining soil organic matter. Our results suggested that the long-term effect of fertilizer or crop residues on N recovery were different in the crop and soil. However, there was little difference between the practices of crop residue incorporation and residue removal following the N fertilizer application. 相似文献
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遥感数据和作物模型集成方法与应用前景 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5
为了促进遥感数据和作物模型集成这一新方法在农业领域中更广泛的应用,在分析遥感数据和作物模型农业应用中各自优缺点的基础上,阐明二者结合的必要性,并介绍了遥感数据和作物模型的3种集成方式.回顾了遥感数据和作物模型同化的研究进展,并重点分析了遥感数据和作物模型结合在农作物产量预测、品质遥感预报、精准施肥管理决策、精准灌溉决策等领域的应用潜力,最后指出了当前遥感数据和作物模型结合中存在遥感定量化、参数集和驱动数据的获取、最优化算法选择和改进、作物模型的完善和订正等问题,有望随着遥感数据源的丰富、定量遥感和作物模型的发展、以及同化理论的进一步完善得到解决. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(8):1353-1398
Soil fertility and crop management are the two most important factors of modern agricultural activity. Managing the balance of vegetative and reproductive growth is the essence of managing a cotton crop. It is well known from numerous fertilizer experiments that the yield of agricultural crops has been strongly dependent on the supply of mineral nutrients, which have been used in crop cultivation to exploit the full genetic potential of the plant. Supplying optimal quantities of mineral nutrients to growing crop plants is one way to improve crop yields. In recent years, several approaches have been tried to break this yield plateau, and among them is application of plant growth regulators (PGRs). In maximizing the quantity and quality of a crop it is necessary to identify the constraints that may affect it and to devise methods of overcoming them through the use of inputs or changes in management practices. 相似文献
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作物系数是估算作物需水量的一个重要参数,科学地确定作物系数对准确计算农田作物耗水量、制定科学合理的灌溉制度及水利工程规划设计等具有重要的意义和实际应用价值。通过Penmman-Monteith公式、ENVIdata-DT草地蒸腾自动测量系统确定充分灌溉条件下毛乌素沙地青贮玉米及紫花苜蓿的逐日参考作物蒸散ET0与实际蒸散ETc,计算青贮玉米及紫花苜蓿的逐日作物系数,得出青贮玉米在整个生育期的作物系数均值为0.91,且在各生长阶段相差较小。苜蓿第一茬及第二茬作物系数随着时间的推进呈现递增的规律,且在6月27日第一茬收割之后,作物系数大幅减小,第一茬的作物系数均值为0.87,第二茬为0.85。并通过播后天数、累积积温逐日模拟苜蓿及青贮玉米生育期内的作物系数,结果显示,在以播种后天数、生育期累积积温为自变量的拟合模型中,决定系数R2介于0.59~0.72,拟合效果较好。 相似文献
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Luis A. Manrique 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(12):2411-2477
Concerns over increasing production costs and decline in crop revenues have prompted the greenhouse industry to reevaluate criteria used to select crops for greenhouse systems. In the past, crop selection was primarily based on profitability and the strategy was to manipulate the environment to tailor it to the requirements of the crop. As greenhouses are currently evolving from high energy‐consuming to cost‐efficient systems, an emerging strategy is to manipulate the crop to meet the characteristics of the greenhouse environment. To ensure efficient crop manipulation, however, an in‐depth understanding is needed of the inherent ability of crops to adapt and render economic yields under suboptimal conditions. This paper reviews key features of selected greenhouse crops, assesses the impact of changing environment on crop performance, and examines potential avenues for crop manipulation. 相似文献
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农业生产会产生大量的作物残体。对作物残体的安全利用与处理已经成为全社会十分关注的重要问题。作物残体作为土壤养分的重要来源,其在土壤中的稳定与转化对于增加其养分持续时间、提高土壤肥力具有非常重要的意义。论文介绍了作物残体均匀深还及堆肥等提高作物残体稳定性的技术,简述了促进有机物质稳定与转化的新方法,总结了不同作物残体处理方式对土壤性质的影响。以期为作物残体的高效合理利用提供参考依据。 相似文献
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基于局部判别映射算法的玉米病害识别方法 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
如何快速准确检测到作物病害信息是作物病害防治中的一个首要问题,根据作物叶片症状识别作物病害是作物病害检测的一个基本方法。由于病害叶片颜色、形状和纹理之间的差异很大,使得很多经典的模式识别方法不能有效地应用于作物病害识别中,为此提出了一种基于局部判别映射(local discriminant projects,LDP)的作物病害识别方法。首先,利用区域增长分割算法分割病害叶片中的病斑图像;然后,将病斑图像重组为一维向量,再由LDP对一维向量进行维数约简;最后,利用最近邻分类器识别作物病害类别。利用LDP算法将高维空间的一维向量样本点映射到低维子空间时,能够使得类内样本点更加紧凑,而类间样本点更加分离,从而得到最佳的低维分类特征。利用该方法在5种常见玉米病害叶片图像数据库上进行了病害识别试验,识别精度高达94.4%。与其他作物病害识别方法(如基于神经网络、主分量分析+概率神经网络和贝叶斯方法)和监督子空间学习算法(如算法局部判别嵌入和判别邻域嵌入)进行了比较。试验结果表明,该方法对作物病害叶片图像识别是有效可行的,为实现基于叶片图像处理技术的作物病害的田间实时在线检测奠定了基础。 相似文献