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为明确黄淮南片麦区主栽小麦品种对赤霉病的抗性水平。采用人工接种鉴定的方法对黄淮南片的河南、安徽、陕西和江苏四省的65份主栽小麦品种进行赤霉病抗性鉴定,经土表接种抗侵染型鉴定,中抗品种有‘徐农0029’、‘西农511’和‘保麦6号’,中感品种有‘徐麦31’、‘瑞华520’和‘西农3517’等18份,高感品种44份;经单花滴注接种抗扩展型鉴定,中抗品种为‘西农511’,中感品种有‘烟5158’、‘西农889’、‘西农2000’等14份,高感品种50份。由此可见,黄淮南片麦区主栽小麦品种对赤霉病抗性普遍较差,建议根据各地赤霉病发生程度,选择适宜抗性指标,结合现代育种技术,逐步提高主栽小麦品种的抗性水平。 相似文献
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本研究采用单小花滴注和喷雾接种方法对3个抗病品种(‘望水白’、‘苏麦3号’、‘扬麦16’)和3个感病品种(‘周麦18’、‘矮抗58’、‘豫保1号’)的赤霉病抗性进行分析,并用ELISA测定了籽粒、颖壳和穗轴中的DON毒素水平。结果表明:两种方法接种后第20天,除‘望水白’外,抗病品种的病级日扩展速率和病小穗率都显著低于感病品种(P0.05);单小花滴注接种条件下,除‘周麦18’的籽粒和‘矮抗58’的穗轴外,抗病品种的籽粒、颖壳、穗轴中的DON毒素含量显著低于感病品种的籽粒、颖壳、穗轴中的DON毒素含量(P0.05);而喷雾接种条件下,抗病品种与感病品种的籽粒、颖壳中的DON毒素含量差异不显著,而穗轴中的DON毒素含量差异显著(P0.05)。除个别情况外,6个品种中,籽粒中DON毒素水平颖壳中DON毒素水平穗轴中DON毒素水平(P0.05)。 相似文献
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玉蜀黍赤霉对小麦品种致病力的测定方法和致病力的分化 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
玉蜀黍赤霉[Gibberella zeae(Schw) Petch]的子囊孢子、分生孢子和菌丝体对麦穗的致病力相同。以1-2个子囊孢子或分生孢子接种麦穗即能引起穗腐,将孢子的接种量增加到10个以上,侵染效率也能达100%。菌丝体接种的侵染速度要比孢子快。小麦扬花期离体接种小穗,记载病原菌侵入小穗轴和主穗轴的程度,是鉴定小麦品种抗扩展的可靠方法。
根据对在小麦感病品种矮秆早或抗病品种苏麦三号小穗接种测定的结果,全国各地具有代表性的56个菌株的致病力强弱不同。从强菌株F69分离到的37个单子囊孢子菌株其致病力有显著差异,但致病力的强弱不稳定。从同一个子囊分离到的单子囊孢子菌株,它们的致病力也有分化。菌株的致病力虽然有不稳定性,但不同品种的抗性还是明显的。试验证明玉蜀黍赤霉是同宗配合的,因此关于它的变异问题有待从各个方面进行深入研究。 相似文献
根据对在小麦感病品种矮秆早或抗病品种苏麦三号小穗接种测定的结果,全国各地具有代表性的56个菌株的致病力强弱不同。从强菌株F69分离到的37个单子囊孢子菌株其致病力有显著差异,但致病力的强弱不稳定。从同一个子囊分离到的单子囊孢子菌株,它们的致病力也有分化。菌株的致病力虽然有不稳定性,但不同品种的抗性还是明显的。试验证明玉蜀黍赤霉是同宗配合的,因此关于它的变异问题有待从各个方面进行深入研究。 相似文献
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本研究明确了黄淮冬麦区主栽小麦品种对赤霉病的抗侵染、抗扩展、抗毒素积累和抗籽粒侵染能力以及几种抗性之间的相互关系,并检测了各品种是否带有FHB1抗性基因,旨在为该区小麦赤霉病抗性鉴定评价、抗性品种培育和利用提供科学依据。小麦赤霉病综合抗性鉴定结果表明:22个黄淮冬麦区主栽品种中,有20个为感病品种,只有‘郑麦9023’和‘西农979’为中感品种,所有品种均不含FHB1基因;长江中下游麦区的9个品种中,‘扬麦17’和‘宁麦9号’等6个品种表现中抗,‘扬麦23’表现中感,‘苏麦3号’和‘扬麦21’表现抗,‘扬麦14’‘扬麦17’和‘扬麦23’不含有FHB1基因,其他品种均含FHB1基因。小麦品种的抗扩展能力与抗侵染能力无显著相关性(r=0.27,P0.05);两种接种条件下小麦品种的病粒率与抗脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)毒素积累能力呈极显著正相关(r=0.86,P0.01;r=0.88,P0.01);单小花滴注法接种条件下,小麦品种的平均病级与病粒率和籽粒中DON含量都呈极显著正相关(r=0.71,P0.01;r=0.81,P0.01);喷雾接种条件下,小麦品种的病小穗率与平均病级、病粒率、籽粒中DON含量和ZEN含量都呈极显著正相关(r=0.78,P0.01;r=0.73,P0.01;r=0.78,P0.01;r=0.63,P0.01)。在毒素积累抗性上,DON含量和ZEN含量呈极显著正相关(r=0.70,P0.01)。在目前黄淮冬麦区没有中抗品种的情况下,可以增加育种和鉴定目标为抗籽粒侵染和抗毒素积累的品种,在小麦品种推广过程中加以运用,可以达到较好的效果。 相似文献
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为明确不同小麦品种(系)对赤霉病的抗性和麦穗组织中DON毒素积累水平,培育和利用抗赤霉病和DON毒素积累的品种提供资源和依据,本研究采用单小花滴注接种法对河南省的106个小麦品种(系)抗赤霉病性进行鉴定分析,并用ELISA测定了病穗组织中DON毒素水平。结果表明不同小麦品种(系)对赤霉病的抗性有显著差异,106个小麦品种(系)中未发现抗病和中抗材料,中感品种(系)有华育198、郑麦103和春丰0021等14个,占13.2%;感病的有曌式2010-06、百农898和中麦63等92个,占86.8%。不同小麦品种(系)籽粒、颖壳和穗轴中DON毒素积累水平有显著差异,籽粒中DON毒素水平在(0.70~287.63)mg/kg之间,其中郑03876、豫保1号和中麦63 的DON毒素水平在2 mg/kg 以下,为抗毒素材料;其他的103个品种DON毒素水平大于2 mg/kg;颖壳和穗轴中的DON毒素水平在(51.03~392.87)mg/kg之间,普遍比籽粒中DON毒素含量高。籽粒中DON毒素水平与小麦品种(系)的平均病害严重度间呈极显著正相关。 相似文献
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赤霉病是我国小麦上的重要病害,品种抗病性利用是控制病害发生的重要措施,明确小麦抗赤霉病资源的抗性类型,有利于小麦抗赤霉病育种。2003年和2004年对9个常用抗源在穗期进行单花滴注和喷雾接种,研究其抗侵染和抗扩展性,并对病穗中的脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)的含量进行分析。结果表明,望水白和苏麦3号具较好的抗侵染和抗扩展能力,其中望水白的抗扩展性最好;感染赤霉病后,DON在5个抗源穗组织中的含量差异显著,DON在望水白和繁60096穗组织中积累量明显比在苏麦3号、延岗坊主和翻山小麦低。通过对望水白/安农8455遗传群体两年的病小穗率和病穗中DON毒素含量的比较,发现二者具有一定的相关性,且受环境影响比较大。 相似文献
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2017年,采用人工接菌诱发的方法和自然发病调查,对四川省在2011—2013年审定的21份小麦品种进行了小麦条锈病、白粉病和赤霉病抗性跟踪鉴定试验。结果表明,绵杂麦638、中科麦138、宜麦9号、川麦66、中科麦47、南麦991和内麦366对条锈病的抗性丧失,表现为中感或者高感条锈病,占全部供试品种的33.3%;有14份品种仍然高抗或者中抗条锈病。在抗条锈病的品种当中,同时抗白粉病和耐赤霉病的品种有绵麦112、西科麦10号、川育25、科成麦5号和川麦92,占全部供试品种的23.8%。 相似文献
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Conidial germination, appressorial formation. penetration of epidermal walls, formation of intracellular vesicles and growth of intracellular hyphae in epidermal cells occurred within 12 h of inoculation. Hyphae then grew slowly between mesophyll cells for the next 12 h. Some papillae formed beneath appressoria and most infected epidermal cells retained stain by 24 h after inoculation, indicating major changes in cellular physiology. Slight differences between cultivars in some of these events were not related to resistance.
On the second day. intercellular hyphae emerged more extensively from the infection sites into the mesophyll of the susceptible cultivar Banks, and formed significantly larger mycelia than in the resistant cultivar BH1146 by 3-5 days from inoculation. Rapid intercellular growth then continued in the susceptible cultivar but not in the resistant cultivar. Necrotic lesions expanded faster in the susceptible cultivar from day 3. By day 10. most lesions in this cultivar were large and light brown with a conspicuous chlorotic margin but those in the resistant cultivar were small and dark brown with inconspicuous chlorosis. 相似文献
On the second day. intercellular hyphae emerged more extensively from the infection sites into the mesophyll of the susceptible cultivar Banks, and formed significantly larger mycelia than in the resistant cultivar BH1146 by 3-5 days from inoculation. Rapid intercellular growth then continued in the susceptible cultivar but not in the resistant cultivar. Necrotic lesions expanded faster in the susceptible cultivar from day 3. By day 10. most lesions in this cultivar were large and light brown with a conspicuous chlorotic margin but those in the resistant cultivar were small and dark brown with inconspicuous chlorosis. 相似文献
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Effects of foliar- and root-applied silicon on the enhancement of induced resistance to powdery mildew in Cucumis sativus 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Two cucumber ( Cucumis sativus ) cultivars differing in their resistance to powdery mildew, Ningfeng No. 3 (susceptible) and Jinchun No. 4 (resistant), were used to study the effects of foliar- and root-applied silicon on resistance to infection by Podosphaera xanthii (syn. Sphaerotheca fuliginea ) and the production of pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs). The results indicated that inoculation with P. xanthii significantly suppressed subsequent infection by powdery mildew compared with noninoculation, regardless of Si application. Root-applied Si significantly suppressed powdery mildew, the disease index being lower in Si-supplied than in Si-deprived plants, regardless of inoculation treatment. The resistant cultivar had a more constant lower disease index than the susceptible cultivar, irrespective of inoculation or Si treatment. Moreover, with root-applied Si, activities of PRs (for example peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase and chitinase) were significantly enhanced in inoculated lower leaves or noninoculated upper leaves in inoculated plants of both cultivars. Root-applied Si significantly decreased the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in inoculated leaves, but increased it in noninoculated upper leaves. However, Si treatment failed to change significantly the activity of PRs in plants without fungal attack. Compared to the control (no Si), foliar-applied Si had no effects either on the suppression of subsequent infection by P. xanthii or on the activity of PRs, irrespective of inoculation. Based on the findings in this study and previous reports, it was concluded that foliar-applied Si can effectively control infections by P. xanthii only via the physical barrier of Si deposited on leaf surfaces, and/or osmotic effect of the silicate applied, but cannot enhance systemic acquired resistance induced by inoculation, while continuously root-applied Si can enhance defence resistance in response to infection by P. xanthii in cucumber. 相似文献
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不同葡萄品种对霜霉病的抗性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
葡萄霜霉病是葡萄生产上重要的病害之一,通过对辽宁省不同葡萄品种进行室内离体叶片接种和田间自然发病情况调查,以期为葡萄抗性品种的选育和葡萄霜霉病的防治提供科学依据。结果表明,在供试品种中,没有对霜霉病完全免疫的品种,室内离体叶片接种和田间调查结果基本一致,不同品种间霜霉病的抗性存在差异。供试的65个品种中,室内离体叶片接种评价高抗品种3个,抗病品种23个,感病品种24个,高感品种15个;田间自然发病调查评价高抗品种1个,抗病品种19个,感病品种35个,高感品种10个。欧美杂交品种(系)相对欧亚杂交品种(系)较抗病。 相似文献
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小麦与禾谷镰刀菌相互作用下病穗过氧化物酶和酯酶的变化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
研究了苏麦3号(抗病)和凡6(感病)穗部受禾谷镰刀菌侵染后,过氧化物酶和酯酶的变化.在侵染的早期(症状显现前),苏麦3号接种穗的过氧化物酶活性增加较凡6接种穗的酶活增加快和稍高,且症状显现稍迟.在侵染的中后期,症状显现后,感病凡6较抗病苏麦3号的过氧化物酶活性增加快且高得多.2品种病穗中的酶活均是随着症状的发展和病情加重而迅速上升.无新的过氧化物酶同工酶出现在2品种病穗,但第2、3酶带活性随病情发展逐渐增强,5、6酶带活性逐渐减弱,凡6的变化较苏麦3号强烈.2品种病穗中均新出现2条相同的酯酶同工酶带.因此可以初步认为,在相互作用的早期,过氧化物酶活性的增加与苏麦3号对赤霉菌的抗性有一定联系,但在相互作用的中后期,二种组合酶活的大幅度提高是与症状的发展和感病反应相联系.2种同工酶难于作为鉴定小麦抗赤霉菌的生化指标. 相似文献
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Fusarium head blight in small grain cereals has emerged as a major problem in the Nordic countries. However, the impact of
this disease in oats has been less investigated than in other cereals. For this reason we have studied the infection process
(the optimal time of infection and infection pathways) of Fusarium graminearum in oats and its subsequent effects on kernel infection, deoxynivalenol (DON) content and germination capacity. In a field
experiment the oat cultivar Morton was spray-inoculated at different developmental stages, and the highest kernel infection
and DON content and lowest germination percentage were observed when inoculation took place at anthesis. Field grown oats
affected by a natural Fusarium head blight epidemic and spray-inoculated field and greenhouse oats were used to study the
infection pathway. Results showed that the fungus entered primarily through the floret apex into the floret cavity, where
it could infect via the internal surfaces of the palea, lemma and caryopsis. Both visual symptoms and fungal infections started at the apical
portions of the florets and progressed to the basal portions. Hyphae of F. graminearum grew more profusely on the anthers than on other floret parts during initial stages of infection. Disease development within
the oat panicle was slow and is primarily by physical contact between adjoining florets, indicating that the long pedicels
give Type II resistance in oats. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Effect of temperature on leaf colonization in anthurium blight was studied using a bioluminescent strain of Xanthomonas campestris pv. dieffenbachiae. In a susceptible cultivar, colonization of leaf tissues (monitored by detection of bioluminescence) and symptom development (assessed visually) advanced rapidly at higher temperatures. For a susceptible cultivar, there was a linear relationship between degree-days and percent leaf area colonized by the pathogen, indicating that leaf colonization in a susceptible cultivar was a direct function of the cumulative effect of temperature. The degree-day intercept of the regression line represented the time from inoculation to detection of bioluminescence, and the slope indicated the increase of leaf colonization per degree-day. There also was a linear relationship between the logarithm of degree-days and the logarithm of percent leaf area showing visible symptoms in a susceptible cultivar. The degree-day intercept of this relationship represented the incubation period (about 500 degree-days). The degree-days required to detect bioluminescence was not considerably different between susceptible and resistant cultivars. However, the subsequent rates of leaf colonization were significantly lower for a resistant cultivar than for a susceptible cultivar in all temperature regimes. The results suggest that multiplication of the pathogen in the leaf tissues is optimized in the susceptible cultivar. In contrast, in the resistant cultivar, the defense mechanisms overshadow the temperature effect. The differential response to temperatures may be an additional indicator of cultivar susceptibility. 相似文献
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TMV侵染不同抗性番茄品种之后引起的过氧化物酶活性及同工酶的变化 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文论述了不同抗性番茄品种在接种了TMV之后体内过氧化物酶及其同工酶的变化趋势。不同品种番茄幼苗接种TMV之后30天内病毒含量、过氧化物酶活性及其同工酶的测定结果表明:所有接种的番茄幼苗与健株对照相比均表现酶活性的增强及酶带数目的增多;但不同抗性品种,酶活性交化曲线及同工酶谱带的变化趋势有所不同:感性品种北京早红(+/+)及耐病品种强力米寿接种TMV之后,病毒含量迅速上升,在第15天达到最高峰,同时植株开始显症,其酶活性曲线呈现出1个增值高峰,即酶活性只在显症之后迅速上升于第24天达到最高峰,病株在症状发展过程中产生2条健株所没有的具高迁移率的同工酶谱带A与B。抗性品种Tm-2(Tm-2/+)抑制TMV在体内的增殖,在接种之后30天内植株不表现典型外部症状,其酶活性曲线具有2个增酶高峰,即在接种后第12天达到最高峰,并在第21天有1个新的高峰;在酶活性高峰期,接种植株也产生同工酶谱A与B,与感性品种不同的是谱带A与B形成较早,同时,抗性品种还产生感病品种所没有的1条同工酶谱带F。上述过氧化物酶活性及同工酶的变化趋势可以成为鉴定品种抗性一个有价值的生化指标。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Karnal bunt of wheat is caused by the fungus Tilletia indica, which partially converts kernels into sori filled with teliospores. Despite minor overall yield and quality losses, the disease is of considerable international quarantine concern. Plant development stages reported susceptible to infection vary considerably. A study was designed to better define the susceptibility period by inoculating wheat spikes at different growth stages with naturally liberated secondary sporidia under optimal conditions for disease development. Spikes of a resistant and susceptible cultivar were inoculated at eight growth stages from awns emerging to soft dough. Spikes became susceptible only after emerging from the boot and continued to be susceptible up to soft dough stage at which low levels of disease occurred. Disease severity in both cultivars peaked when spikes were inoculated after complete emergence, but before the onset of anthesis. Disease levels tapered off gradually in spikes inoculated after anthesis. The results broaden the known susceptibility period of wheat to T. indica to include stages long after anthesis, and indicate that infection from airborne inoculum is not possible during boot or awns emerging stages, which are commonly referred to as the most susceptible stages. 相似文献
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烟草低头黑病菌毒素对烟草丙二醛含量和某些防御酶的动态影响 总被引：16，自引：2，他引：16
本文研究了烟草抗病品种(Burley21)和感病品种(NC82)在烟草低头黑病菌毒素诱导下,丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的动态变化。结果表明,在毒素的诱导下,MDA含量的增减比率抗病品种Burley21低于感病品种NC82。不论Burley21还是NC82,SOD、POD和PPO活性皆在前期表现为上升后期下降,但抗病品种较感病品种下降速度慢,而且POD在后期还表现为高活性。表明抗病品种(Burley21)具有比感病品种(NC82)更强的防御能力和抗膜脂过氧化能力。 相似文献
20.
枯萎病菌对不同抗性黄瓜品种几种酶活性的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
用枯萎病菌接种不同抗性黄瓜品种,研究不同抗性黄瓜品种的过氧化物酶（POD）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）和几丁质酶的活性变化。结果表明,接种后抗感品种POD、PPO和几丁质酶活性基本都呈现先升后降再升（再降）的趋势。抗感品种均在接种后12 h时出现第1次POD活性峰值,抗病品种中农13号、津优3号分别在接种后60、72 h、感病品种在84 h出现第2次POD活性峰值;接种后24 h时抗感品种均达到第1次PPO活性峰值,抗病品种在48 h、感病品种在60 h时达到第2次PPO活性峰值;接种后抗病品种在48 h时达到第1次几丁质酶活性峰值,72 h时达到第2次峰值,而感病品种只在60 h时出现1次几丁质酶活性峰值。抗感品种的POD、PPO、几丁质酶活性的2次峰值都显著或极显著地高于各自的对照,在接种后的早期阶段,感病品种的POD、几丁质酶活性的第1次峰值都显著或极显著地高于抗病品种,PPO活性的第1次峰值极显著地低于抗病品种。 相似文献