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1.
Mohammad Reza Naghavi Mohsen Mardi Seyed Mostafa Pirseyedi Mehrbanu Kazemi Payam Potki Mohammad Reza Ghaffari 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(2):237-240
Genetic diversity of 54 accessions of Aegilops tauschii from five countries was assessed using sequence-tagged microsatellites (or simple sequence repeats, SSRs) and amplified fragment
length polymorphisms (AFLPs). In the case of AFLP analysis, a total of 256 amplification products obtained, 234 of them were
polymorphic across all the 54 accessions. A total of 224 fragments were obtained from the 24 SSR primers and 219 of fragments
were polymorphic across all the genotypes screened. Based on both AFLP and SSR markers, the highest percentage of polymorphisms
were obtained in Iranian and accessions of unknown origin. The highest polymorphic information content (PIC) value was observed
for SSRs (0.82) while the highest marker index (MI) value was for AFLPs (8.5) reflecting the hyper-variability of the first
and the distinctive nature of the second system. Principal co-ordinate analysis (PCO) revealed congruent patterns of genetic
relationships for both data sets, but did not group accessions strictly according to their geographical origins. Poor correlation
was found between AFLP and SSR marker loci. This low association may be due to low number of AFLP and SSR markers. These results
show that molecular markers can help to organize the genetic variability and expose useful diversity for breeding purposes. 相似文献
2.
3.
Nasab K. Rawashdeh Nasri I. Haddad Mohamad M. Al-Ajlouni Munir A. Turk 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(1):129-138
Durum wheat landrace genotypes are disappearing from the main wheat areas in Jordan, because of spreading of new uniform cultivars
and the serious reduction in wheat cultivation. This study was conducted to evaluate genetic diversity in durum wheat landraces
from Jordan and to identify desirable agronomic traits. Landraces were collected from two target areas: Ajloun and Karak.
The collected material was grown under rainfed conditions using an augmented design with five blocks and four repeated check
cultivars. Data were collected for 14 morphological and agronomic traits. Phenotypic diversity index (H′) was estimated, and
the relationships among accessions were measured using cluster analysis and dendrogram similarity matrix. The results revealed
the presence of a wide range of variability among landraces., which possess high levels of variability for biological yield,
fertile tillers, number of seeds per spike, seed weight per spike and weight of 1000 seeds. These landraces must be considered
as a reservoir of genes that plant breeders need in their wheat improvement programs and should be conserved both ex situ and in situ. 相似文献
4.
Smallanthus sonchifolius is a periennal herb originally cultivated in South America and now grown in several other countries. Recently, greater attention
has been focused on this plant due to its agronomical, nutritional and pharmacological characteristics. In this paper the
application of RAPDs and AFLPs for the analysis of genetic diversity in a group of 5 Smallanthus sonchifolius landraces is presented. Both methods proceed through the direct analysis of DNA, and their results were compared with the
total phenolic content of each landrace and its morphological traits. Using 61 RAPD primers, 85 informative bands were identified,
corresponding to 28.7% of polymorphism. In comparison, only six selected AFLP primer pairs produced 84 informative bands,
with a similar percentage of polymorphism (23.4%). RAPD and AFLP markers were analyzed separately. Total phenolic content
varied twofold among the five landraces analysed, ranging from 3,494 to 6,849 mg/g. Each type of molecular marker resolved
two main groups that included the same genotypes, but with different within-group relationships among genotypes. The two groups
are consistent with some phenotypic characters but they do not reflect faithfully their geographical origin. Most notably,
the two groups comprise landraces with higher and lower total phenolic content, respectively. Dendrograms based on the two
molecular data sets graphically depicted the ability of both methods to differentiate all the cultivars studied. Data obtained
suggest that the two molecular markers applied are useful to investigate intra-specific genetic variability in Smallanthus sonchifolius, and predict well the total phenolic content of each landrace. 相似文献
5.
The variability of 14 landraces belonging to a Madrilean village historically specialized on melon cultivation, Villaconejos,
was evaluated based on 58 quantitative and qualitative morphological traits. These landraces were compared to a reference
array composed of 14 accessions which represented the main varieties cultivated in Spanish fields. Individual data related
to plant, fruit, seed and phenology have been analysed using a multivariate analysis. This analysis showed intra- and inter-varietal
diversity, as emphasized the most discriminant morphological traits in order to define similarities. Villaconejos accessions
were morphologically distinct from the reference accessions (RA). Only the landraces belonging to Piel de Sapo market class
showed common morphological affinities with the RA, grouping with them. The majority of Villaconejos traditional varieties
clustered in five different groups, with no RA within, showing distinctive morphological singularities not described previously.
Two of these groups showed some particularities in fruit traits, which are appreciated as quality marks for Spanish consumers.
These results indicate that these accessions must be conserved as valuable genetic resources to enrich the Inodorus genetic
bases for future breeding proposes worldwide. Furthermore, it should be considered the opportunity of promoting their cultivation
under the shelter of a Protected Geographical Indication as a high quality melon. Finally, the discovering of such a high
variability presented in a very small area, gives a clue for focusing, with an elevated probability of success, future surveys
in similar ancestral European villages which in the past times, also supplied more populated cities with their farming products. 相似文献
6.
7.
B. J. Stodart H. Raman N. Coombes M. Mackay 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(4):759-766
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces held within ex situ collections offer a valuable and largely unexplored genetic resource for wheat improvement
programs. To maximise full utilisation of such collections the evaluation of landrace accessions for traits of interest is
required. In this study, 250 accessions from 21 countries were screened sequentially for tolerance to aluminium (Al) using
haematoxylin staining of root tips and by root regrowth measurement. The staining test indicated tolerance in 35 accessions,
with an intermediate response to Al exhibited in a further 21 accessions. Of the 35 accessions classified as tolerant, 33
also exhibited increased root length following exposure to Al. The tolerant genotypes originated from Bulgaria, Croatia, India,
Italy, Nepal, Spain, Tunisia, and Turkey. AFLP analysis of the 35 tolerant accessions indicated that these represent diverse
genetic backgrounds. These accessions form a valuable set of germplasm for the study of Al tolerance and may be of benefit
to breeding programs for expanding the diversity of the gene pool from which tolerant cultivars are developed. 相似文献
8.
N. P. S. Dhillon R. Ranjana Kuldeep Singh I. Eduardo A. J. Monforte M. Pitrat N. K. Dhillon P. P. Singh 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(6):1267-1283
Diversity among 36 snapmelon landraces, collected from 2 agro-ecological regions of India (9 agro-climatic sub-regions), was
assayed using RAPD primers, morphological traits of plant habit and fruit, 2 yield-associated traits, pest and disease resistance
and biochemical composition (TSS, ascorbic acid, titrable acidity). Typical differences among accessions were observed in
plant and fruit characteristics and snapmelon germplasm with high titrable acidity and possessing resistance to downy mildew,
Cucumber mosaic virus, Zucchini yellow mosaic virus, Papaya ringspot virus, Aphis gossypii and Meloidogyne incognita was noticed in the collection. RAPD based grouping analysis revealed that Indian snapmelon was rich in genetic variation
and region and sub-region approach should be followed across India for acquisition of additional melon landraces. Accessions
of var. agrestis and var. momordica clustered together and there was a separate cluster of the accessions of var. reticulatus. Comparative analysis of the genetic variability among Indian snapmelons and an array of previously characterized reference
accessions of melon from Spain, Israel, Korea, Japan, Maldives, Iraq, Pakistan and India using SSRs showed that Indian snapmelon
germplasm contained a high degree of unique genetic variability which was needed to be preserved to broaden the genetic base
of melon germplasm available with the scientific community.
N. P. S. Dhillon and Ranjana contributed equally to this work and are considered the first authors. 相似文献
9.
10.
Marc Moragues Marian Moralejo Mark E. Sorrells Conxita Royo 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(5):1133-1144
A comprehensive characterization of crop germplasm is critical to the optimal improvement of the quality and productivity
of crops. Genetic relationships and variability were evaluated among 63 durum wheat landraces from the Mediterranean basin
using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and microsatellites markers. The genetic diversity indices found were
comparable to those of other crop species, with average polymorphism information content (PIC) values of 0.24 and 0.70 for
AFLP and microsatellites, respectively. The mean number of alleles observed for the microsatellites loci was 9.15. Non-metric
multi-dimensional scaling clustered the accessions according to their geographical origin with the landraces from the South
shore of the Mediterranean Sea closely related. The results support two dispersal patterns of durum wheat in the Mediterranean
basin, one through its north side and a second one through its south side. 相似文献
11.
M. Fergany Balvir Kaur A. J. Monforte M. Pitrat C. Rys H. Lecoq N. P. S. Dhillon S. S. Dhaliwal 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2011,58(2):225-243
We present here the first comprehensive genetic characterization of melon landraces from the humid tropics of southern India.
The genetic diversity among 50 melon landraces collected from 3 agro-ecological regions of southern India (6 agro-ecological
sub-regions) was assessed by variation at 17 SSR loci, morphological traits of plant habit and fruit, 2 yield-associated traits,
pest and disease resistance, biochemical composition (ascorbic acid, carotenoids, titrable acidity) and mineral content (P,
K, Fe, Zn). Differences among accessions were observed in plant and fruit traits. Melon germplasm with high titrable acidity,
higher than average amounts of mineral content and resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus, Zucchini yellow mosaic virus, powdery
mildew (races 1, 2, 3, 5), Fusarium wilt (races 1, 2), Aphis gossypii and leafminer was recorded in the collection. A high level of genetic variability in melon germplasm was suggested by the
SSR analysis. Comparative analysis using SSRs of the genetic variability between Indian melons from north, south, and east
regions and reference accessions of melon from Spain, France, Japan, Korea, Iraq, Zambia showed regional differentiation between
Indian melon accessions and that Indian germplasm was weakly related to the melon accessions from other parts of the world,
suggesting that an important portion of the genetic variability found within this melon collection has not been used yet for
the development of new cultivars. Additional collections of acidulus melon germplasm should be made in southern India and adequate management of this important genetic resource is clearly a
necessity. 相似文献
12.
Naoki Yamanaka Masrom Hasran Dong He Xu Hiroshi Tsunematsu Salma Idris Tomohiro Ban 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(5):949-954
We used AFLP analysis to explore the genetic relationship and diversity between and within 4 Mangifera species. We analyzed 35 accessions comprising 8 cultivars and 3 landraces of M. indica L., 11 landraces of M. odorata Griff., 7 landraces of M. foetida Lour., and 6 landraces of M. caesia Jack. Using 8 primer combinations produced a total of 518 bands, 499 (96.3%) of which were polymorphic among the 35 accessions.
Clustering analysis showed that all 35 accessions were basically classified into 4 groups corresponding to the 4 Mangifera species. Our results indicate that the genetic relationship of these 4 Mangifera species based on AFLP analysis is in good agreement with their classification by classic methods. In addition, it was clearly
revealed the genetic diversity between and within 4 Mangifera species. The findings obtained in this study are useful for the breeding in Mangifera species. 相似文献
13.
Kerstin Diekmann Kathrin M. Seibt Katja Muders Torsten Wenke Holger Junghans Thomas Schmidt Klaus J. Dehmer 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2017,64(8):1937-1953
The Genebank at the Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) harbours three different potato collections comprising 2846 wild potato accessions, 2757 accessions of cultivars, landraces and breeding material of Solanum tuberosum L. and 579 Solanum clones originating mainly from South and Central America (as of July 2016). The three collections are maintained via seeds, in vitro culture, cryopreservation or in the field. All four processes are labour and cost intensive. Therefore, methods facilitating the efficient management and maintenance of the collections are needed. We describe the experimental application of the retrotransposon-based Inter-SINE amplified polymorphism (ISAP) marker system for supporting the management of potato collections. Three ISAP primer combinations were evaluated on a set of 259 cultivated and 89 wild potato accessions focussing on three different aspects: diversity analysis, duplicate identification and phylogenetic studies. Compared to up to 29 microsatellites, ISAPs were similarly efficient in monitoring genetic diversity and detecting duplicated accessions. In addition, the three ISAP primer combinations could be applied to wild potato species, although their use in phylogenetic studies is limited due to their highly polymorphic nature. Generally, ISAPs are a very valuable tool in the maintenance of clonally maintained potato collections and for the verification of the identity of accessions. 相似文献
14.
Abdelhameed Elameen Siri Fjellheim Arild Larsen Odd Arne Rognli Leif Sundheim Susan Msolla Esther Masumba Kiddo Mtunda Sonja S. Klemsdal 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(3):397-408
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is the fifth most important crop in the developing countries after rice, wheat, maize and cassava. The amplified fragment
length polymorphism (AFLP) method was used to study the genetic diversity and relationships of sweet potato accessions in
the germplasm collection of Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro and Sugarcane Research Institute, Kibaha, Tanzania.
AFLP analysis of 97 sweet potato accessions using ten primer combinations gave a total of 202 clear polymorphic bands. Each
one of the 97 sweet potato accessions could be distinguished based on these primer combinations. Estimates of genetic similarities
were obtained by the Dice coefficient, and a final dendrogram was constructed with the un-weight pair-group method using arithmetic
average. AFLP-based genetic similarity varied from 0.388 to 0.941, with a mean of 0.709. Cluster analysis using genetic similarity
divided the accessions into two main groups suggesting that there are genetic relationships among the accessions. Principal
Coordinate analysis confirmed the pattern of the cluster analysis. Analysis of molecular variance revealed greater variation
within regions (96.19%) than among regions (3.81%). The results from the AFLP analysis revealed a relatively low genetic diversity
among the germplasm accessions and the genetic distances between regions were low. A maximally diverse subset of 13 accessions
capturing 97% of the molecular markers diversity was identified. We were able to detect duplicates accessions in the germplasm
collection using the highly polymorphic markers obtained by AFLP, which were found to be an efficient tool to characterize
the genetic diversity and relationships of sweet potato accessions in the germplasm collection in Tanzania. 相似文献
15.
H. B. Guo 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2009,56(3):323-330
Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. ssp. nucifera), one of 12 aquatic species used as vegetable, has been cultivated for more than 2,000 years, and now has been widely cultivated
in almost all provinces in China. The largest area under cultivation of lotus is located in the regions surrounding mid-down
Yangtse River, including Hubei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi and Hunan provinces. According to different purposes or
morphological differences, the Chinese lotus (N. nucifera ssp. nucifera) is usually classified into three types: rhizome lotus, seed lotus and flower lotus. Rhizome lotus is mainly cultivated in
Hubei, Jiangsu, Anhui and Zhejiang provinces; Seed lotus in Jiangxi, Fujian and Hunan, and flower lotus in Wuhan, Hubei province,
and Beijing. Up to the year 2002, a total of 572 lotus accessions (including landraces, cultivars and breeding lines) were
conserved in National Garden of Aquatic Vegetable, Wuhan, Hubei province, including those collections from 153 counties in
18 provinces, and lines bred by breeders. Out of these accessions, 310 were rhizome lotus which contains 201 landraces and
109 breeding lines; 229 were flower lotus including 172 cultivars and 57 breeding lines; and the rest 33 were seed lotus with
18 cultivars. 相似文献
16.
Brigitte L. Maass 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(6):1127-1135
Morphological and physiological seed characteristics of the hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus) were investigated in a set of 18 different germplasm accessions, from wild over semi-domesticated forms to landraces and current cultivars. The objective of this study was to improve the understanding of the domestication of this tropical legume crop. Wild accessions were easily distinguished by morphological characters, such as small, greyish-brown, mottled seeds. Cultivated or semi-domesticated forms showed a much wider variation in size, colour and shape. Seed mass of cultivated accessions reached up to almost 10 times that of wild accessions. Most wild accessions showed a greater spread of germination and larger proportions of hard seeds, up to about 70%, than most cultivated and so-called semi-domesticated accessions. Cluster analysis applied separately to morphological and germination data and a subsequent discriminant analysis did not help integrating the morphological variability observed. The presumed occurrence of semi-domesticated accessions within the germplasm tested as well as the crop's origin from Africa alone or both Africa and Asia are debated on the basis of seed germination and hard seed coat dormancy. 相似文献
17.
Evaluation of genetic diversity of bread wheat landraces from Pakistan by AFLP and implications for a future collection strategy 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ryoko Hirano Akira Kikuchi Makoto Kawase Kazuo N. Watanabe 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(7):1007-1015
We used amplified-fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP) markers to evaluate genetic variation in a set of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces and improved materials. Landraces collected from different geographic and agro-ecological zones in Pakistan
in 1987, 1989 and 1991 were separated into two groups based on their geographic origins: northern (Himalaya) and south-western
(Balochistan) Pakistan. Six AFLP primer combinations detected 453 AFLP markers in the 43 landrace accessions and four high-yield
varieties (HYVs). Of these, 225 (49.67%) were rare (shared with < 5% of all accessions). Among these rare alleles, 23 (10.22%)
were common in the Himalaya (shared with > 10% of accessions collected there) but were not found in Balochistan. We conclude
that there is a higher probability of collecting rare alleles at overall, but which are in contrast locally common ones in
the Himalayan region. Gene diversity was 0.17 in the Himalayan group and 0.15 in the Balochistan group. Considerable genetic
variability was found in both groups. Accessions from different agro-ecological zones were indistinguishable by cluster analysis,
indicating intensive seed trading within the country. Cluster analysis indicated that the landraces and the HYVs are genetically
distinct; suggesting that genetic erosion of wheat landraces has been unlikely taken in place. This study provides an example
of how analysis of existing materials and data, can serve as a basis for future collection planning and conservation policies. 相似文献
18.
Mkabwa L. K. Manoko Ronald G. van den Berg Richard M. C. Feron Gerard M. van der Weerden Celestina Mariani 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(3):409-418
Two hexaploid species of Solanum sect. Solanum are present in Africa: Solanum scabrum and S. nigrum. Solanum scabrum is a widely cultivated species and is used as a leafy vegetable, as a source of medicine and as a source of ink dye. In previous
studies a wide range of morphological diversity has been reported in this species and in some studies subspecies have been
proposed. Subspecies are also recognized in S. nigrum. However, it has not been established whether or not the morphological differences are reflected at the genomic level. The
present study applies AFLPs to study the genetic diversity in S. scabrum and its relationship to geographical provenance, morphological differences and the possible existence of subspecies within
S. scabrum and S. nigrum. The data obtained were analyzed with cluster analysis (using UPGMA and NJ). The results indicate that the genetic variation
within S. scabrum was higher within accessions than between accessions. Accessions did not cluster according to their geographical provenance,
indicating that accessions from different geographical areas were not significantly different genetically. The clustering
reflected neither morphological differences nor domestication status (cultivated or wild). The morphological differences exhibited
by S. scabrum could be due to selection by farmers for different plant types. The AFLP derived clustering pattern did not segregate the
subspecies recognized in S. scabrum and S. nigrum into separate subclusters. 相似文献