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1.
胁迫相关蛋白(Stress associated proteins,SAPs)在植物免疫应答和胁迫反应中发挥着重要作用。采用电子克隆和RT-PCR相结合的方法,从巴西橡胶树中分离胁迫相关蛋白基因Hb SAP1。结果表明:Hb SAP1基因的开放阅读框为537 bp,编码178个氨基酸。Hb SAP1蛋白预测分子量为18.87 ku,等电点为7.98,具有典型的A20和AN1锌指结构域。实时荧光定量PCR分析结果表明,Hb SAP1基因在巴西橡胶树各组织中均有表达,以茎尖中的表达量最高。同健康橡胶树相比,Hb SAP1基因在死皮橡胶树胶乳和树皮中的表达量显著升高。伤害、H2O2、乙烯利及茉莉酸甲酯处理均能使胶乳中Hb SAP1基因的表达上调。低温及PEG诱导的干旱胁迫下,Hb SAP1基因在叶片中的表达显著增强。上述结果表明,Hb SAP1基因可能在橡胶树死皮发生、非生物胁迫应答、乙烯及茉莉酸信号转导中发挥重要调控作用。 相似文献
2.
前期利用cDNA-AFLP技术分离获得了一个与橡胶树抗棒孢霉落叶病反应相关的差异表达基因片段EST-IAN-188,通过Blast比对分析发现,该基因片段与植物抗病相关NPR基因家族中的NPR1具有高度的同源性。将该片段与橡胶树基因组序列进行比对,设计引物进行PCR扩增,得到了一个橡胶树NPR1基因的cDNA和基因组序列,命名为HbNPR1基因。基因序列分析显示,该基因编码区全长(CDS)1 374 nt,含有两个外显子和一个内含子,编码457个氨基酸,蛋白分子量为51.0 ku,等电点5.82,具有BTB/POZ、ANK锚蛋白重复序列、DUF和NPR1-like C等4个结构域。qRT-PCR定量分析发现,HbNPR1基因在橡胶叶片中的表达丰度最高,特别是古铜期叶片;多主棒孢病菌(Corynespora cassiicola)诱导下HbNPR1基因在抗病品种(IAN873)的表达丰度明显高于感病品种(PR107);另外,SA、MeJA、ET处理下均能诱导HbNPR1基因的表达,SA处理后的表达量丰度最高。本研究初步表明,HbNPR1基因可能参与橡胶树抗病信号途径的调控和寄主对病原菌侵染的防御反应。 相似文献
3.
《热带作物学报》2017,(10)
来自巴西橡胶树的天然橡胶主要成份是顺式聚异戊二烯高分子化合物,顺式异戊二烯转移酶是天然橡胶生物合成中的关键酶之一。利用RT-PCR技术从巴西橡胶树胶乳中克隆出一个新的顺式异戊二烯转移酶基因HbCPT7。生物信息学分析表明该基因编码296个氨基酸,含有顺式异戊烯基转移酶典型的5个高度保守结构域。qRT-PCR分析表明该基因分别受割胶和茉莉酸甲酯上调诱导表达,推测该基因在割胶后胶乳再生中发挥重要的作用,亦可能是茉莉酸信号调控的靶标。SDS-PAGE和western blotting分析表明重组HbCPT7-His蛋白在大肠杆菌中成功由IPTG诱导表达。这些结果为进一步研究HbCPT7基因功能打下良好基础。 相似文献
4.
根据模式植物拟南芥中同类蛋白的氨基酸序列在橡胶树转录组数据库中进行同源搜索并设计引物,通过RT-PCR方法扩增巴西橡胶树TLP同源基因的cDNA片段,命名为Hb TLP1.该片段包含一个984 bp的开放阅读框,编码327个氨基酸的多肽.生物信息学分析结果表明,该氨基酸序列含有一个超级THAUMATIN-Like结构域,与杨树、大豆、葡萄和拟南芥的TPL蛋白有较高的同源性.半定量分析结果表明,该基因的表达受水杨酸(SA)和鞭毛蛋白(flg22)的诱导,但不受茉莉酸(JA)的影响.以上结果揭示该基因为橡胶树的TPL同源基因,参与SA介导的抗病信号途径和植物的先天免疫反应. 相似文献
5.
根据几种丝状真菌Slt2类MAPK的保守氨基酸序列设计简并引物,从巴西橡胶树棒孢霉落叶病菌[Corynespora cassiicola(Berk.Curt.)Wei]中扩增出MAPK同源基因的部分片段,再利用染色体步移法延伸该片段的上、下游邻接序列,获得MAPK编码基因的全长序列,命名为CMP1(GenBank Accession No.GU321364)。序列分析表明,该基因含有5个外显子和4个内含子,编码417个氨基酸的多肽,推测分子量为47.5 ku,等电点为5.57。CMP1含有一个参与双重磷酸化作用的MAPK蛋白激活域(TEY),其氨基酸序列与丝状真菌的MAPK,AAslt2和MAP-kinase等高度同源。系统聚类结果显示,该基因与白菜黑斑病菌(Alternaria brassicicola)、细交链格孢菌(A.alternata)和玉米小斑病菌(Cochliobolus heterostrophus)的Slt2类MAPK基因具有较高的同源性。Southern杂交分析表明,CMP1基因在巴西橡胶树棒孢霉落叶病菌基因组中以单拷贝形式存在。 相似文献
6.
为了解MAPK信号途径中hog1基因在多主棒孢病菌(Corynespora cassiicola)侵染橡胶树过程中的作用,根据几种丝状真菌的hog1基因设计简并引物,采用PCR和RT-PCR的方法扩增巴西橡胶树棒孢霉落叶病菌CC01的hog1基因,并对其扩增产物进行测序,同时还对该基因编码的蛋白进行氨基酸序列比对和系统发育分析.结果表明:该基因开放阅读框架为915 bp,编码304个氨基酸残基,包含6个内含子;该基因的氨基酸序列与小麦黄斑叶枯病菌(Pyrenophora tritici)MAPK HOG1(XP_001935555.1)、谷子弯孢病菌(Cochliobolus lunatus)MAP kinase ClK1(AFJ42499.1)等高度同源. 相似文献
7.
类萌发素蛋白(GLPs)是一类重要的胁迫响应蛋白,参与植物的多种生理调控过程。试验前期通过cDNA-AFLP技术,从橡胶树转录组中筛选到一个与麻风树JcGLP(XM_012225699.1)高度同源的差异表达片段。在此基础上,通过基因预测和PCR扩增克隆到一个GLPs类基因HbGLP01。该基因包含2个外显子和1个内含子,cDNA全长696nt,编码231个氨基酸,预测蛋白分子量和等电点分别为24.8ku和5.54。同源比对表明,该蛋白与麻风树JcGLP1-13蛋白的同源性最高,达到81%。聚类分析研究表明,该蛋白与JcGLP1-13、胡杨PeGLP1-13及三角叶杨PtGLP等聚为一个分支。qRT-PCR分析发现,多主棒孢病菌侵染能诱导橡胶树HbGLP01基因的上调表达,其中高抗棒孢霉落叶病品种IAN873在侵染后24h时表达量达到峰值,高感品种PR107在48h后达到峰值,而且在IAN873中的表达峰值显著高于PR107。 相似文献
8.
从巴西橡胶树中鉴定出一个泛素结合酶(UBC)基因,该基因长653 bp,最长开放阅读框504 bp,预测编码蛋白包含167个氨基酸;序列比对分析发现,该基因编码的蛋白具有一段保守的UBC结构域,与拟南芥E2成员UBC14(At3g55380)具有较高的相似性,故将该基因命名为HbUBC14。半定量RT-PCR分析结果表明,HbUBC14在巴西橡胶树胶乳中表达最高,在花药中表达最低。与健康橡胶树相比,死皮树胶乳中HbUBC14表达量明显下降。HbUBC14表达还受乙烯和茉莉酸调控。以上结果表明,HbUBC1 相似文献
9.
从巴西橡胶树中筛选到了Hb EBP1基因,该基因序列长度为1 462 bp,其中5′端非编码区长度为141 bp,3′端非编码区长度为133 bp,其c DNA序列具有完整的阅读框,编码395个氨基酸,推导的Hb EBP1分子量为43.596 ku,等电点位为6.45。生物信息学分析结果表明巴西橡胶树Hb EBP1具有3个保守结构域:增值相关蛋白2G4(PA2G4-like)、氨肽酶M24(APP_Met AP)、甲硫氨酸氨肽酶(MAP)结构域。对原核表达的Hb EBP1蛋白进行氨肽酶活性测定,发现体外表达的Hb EBP1蛋白没有Map活性。这些结果表明,橡胶树Hb EBP1基因并不存在氨肽酶活性。 相似文献
10.
从巴西橡胶树无性系热研7-33-97的胶乳中克隆了1个WRKY转录因子家族成员基因,命名为HbWRKY27,该基因含有1个1 266 bp的开放阅读框(ORF),编码422个氨基酸。生物信息学分析结果表明,HbWRKY27含有1个WRKY保守结构域和1个C2H2锌指结构基序,属于II类WRKY家族成员,与大豆、油棕、麻风树、葡萄和拟南芥的WRKY27蛋白的同源性分别为81%、74%、63%、62%和58%。酵母转化试验表明,HbWRKY27具有转录激活活性。实时荧光定量RT-PCR分析显示,HbWRKY27基因在健康橡胶树树皮组织中表达量最高,但在死皮橡胶树树皮组织中的表达量随着死皮程度的增加而下降,而在死皮橡胶树胶乳中HbWRKY27基因表达量则随着死皮程度的增加而升高;割胶、乙烯利和茉莉酸甲酯刺激都可显著促进胶乳HbWRKY27基因上调表达。转录因子HbWRKY27可能在割胶和乙烯等调控橡胶树胶乳代谢中发挥重要作用,并且还可能与橡胶树死皮病的发生相关。 相似文献
11.
12.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
14.
15.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
16.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
17.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
18.
Résumé
Fusarium culmorum et, dans une moindre mesure,F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes etCylindrocarpon sp. ont été isolés de tubercules entreposés en atmosphère contr?lée (AC) et atteints de pourriture grave. Des expériences
d'inoculation de tubercules avec 10 espèces ou variétés fongiques et conservation en AC à 8 et 10°C ont montré que: 1) les
champignons non pathogènes en atmosphère normale (ex.:Cylindrocarpon sp.) le devenaient en AC, 2) ceux qui étaient faiblement pathogènes en atmosphère normale étaient nettement plus virulents
en AC (ex.:F. culmorum), 3) les espèces ou variétés virulentes en conditions d'air normales (Fusarium sulphureum etPhoma exigua var.foveata) ne provoquaient pas de pourriture plus grave en AC et leur activité pouvait même être légérement freinée.
Summary The extensive rotting of tubers which occurred during storage trials in controlled atmospheres has led to a mycological and pathological study of the rots. The most frequently isolated species wasFusarium culmorum althoughF. avenaceum, F. Sambucinum, Coletotrichum coccodes and aCylindrocarpon sp. were also present. Tubers of cvs Bintje and Ulla were inoculated with 19 isolates of 10 fungal species or varieties associated with rotting of stored tubers (Table 1). The tubers were incubated at 8 or 10°C in normal or controlled (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2) atmospheres and the extent of rotting was determined a month later (Tables 2 and 3 and Fig. 2). Species which were weakly virulent in a normal atmosphere (variousFusarium spp. andPhoma exigua var.exigua) were clearly more aggressive in the controlled atmosphere and this was especially evident in the case ofF. culmorum. Species ot pathogenic in a normal atmosphere under experimental conditions (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp.,Phoma eupyrena) caused rotting in the controlled atmosphere. The two species which were virulent in a normal atmosphere (F. sulphureum andP. exigua var.foveata) were also virulent in the controlled atmosphere and in some cases the extent of rotting was even less. As a general rule, rotting caused by weakly virulent fungi was greater in both cultivars in the controlled than in a normal atmosphere.
Zusammenfassung Eine starke F?ulnis von in Kontrotrollierter Atmosph?re gelagerten Kartoffelknollen veranlasste eine mykologische und pathologische Untersuchung. Der am h?ufigsten isolierte Pilz warFusarium culmorum. F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes undCylindrocarpon sp. wurden ebenfalls bestimmt. Neunzehn St?mme von 10 Pilzsorten oder-Arten welche bei Lagerf?ulnis vorkommen (Tab. 1) wurden auf Knollen der Sorten Bintje und Ulla inokuliert. Die Lagerung wurde bei 8 oder 10°C under Normalbedingungen oder kontrollierter Atmosph?re durchgeführt (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2). Der F?ulnisgrad (Abb. 1) wurde nach einem Monat bonitiert. Die Ergebnisse sind in den Tabellen 2 und 3 dargestellt und in der Abb. 2 illustriert. Unter in Normalbedingungen nur schwach virulente Arten (verschiedeneFusarien undPhoma exigua var. exigua) waren deutlich aktiver in kontrollierter Atmosph?re. Dies was besonders der Fall fürF. culmorum. Pilze, die im Versuch unter Normalbedingungen nicht pathogen waren (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp., Phoma eupyrena), haben unter kontrollierter Atmosph?re Sch?den verursacht. Hingegen werden die beiden unter Normalbedingungen sehr pathogenen Arten (F. sulphureum undP., exigua var.foveata), durch kontrollierte Atmosph?re wenig beeinflusst. Es wurde sogar in einigen F?llen eine gewisse Verringerung des F?ulnisbefalls beobachtet. Ganz allgemein haben die getesteten kontrollierten Bedingungen die Entwicklung der Pilzf?ulnis an beiden Kartoffelsorten gef?rdert, speziell durch Pilzarten, welche unter Normal-bedingungen wenig Sch?den verursachen.相似文献
19.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
20.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献