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1.
Six cultivars, Atlantic, Eramosa, Kanona, Norchip, Onaway and Saginaw Gold and four selections, MS 700-70, MS 700-83 (Spartan Pearl), MS 716-15 and W-855 (Snowden), were analyzed for sucrose, glucose, chip color, specific gravity and yield at 98 and 138 days in 1988 and 1989, t evaluate their performance to Michigan growing conditions. The average yield of these cultivars at the two harvests for 1988 and 1989 was 46.9 and 54.7 t/ha and 43.1 and 52.3 t/ha, respectively. Eramosa and Onaway were the earliest maturing varieties with low specific gravity, high glucose content and processed into dark colored chips. The glucose and sucrose contents of the remaining eight cultivars at each harvest date were low and produced acceptable chips. The specific gravity of Atlantic, MS 700-70, MS 716-15 and W-855 was in the range of 1.079–1.088 and for Norchip, Kanona and Saginaw Gold the range was 1.071–1.076. The date of harvest, variety and year of production had significant effect (p > 0.01) on yield. The specific gravity, glucose content and chip color were significantly influenced by variety and year of production. The correlation between chip colorvs glucose (r= -0.842, p = 0.000) and harvest datevs yield (r= -0.572, p = 0.000) was also significant.  相似文献   

2.
Boulder is a round white selection with medium specific gravity that can be used in both the tablestock and chip-processing markets. The tubers will chip process out-of-the-field and from 10 C storage. The tubers of Boulder are large in size with a low incidence of internal defects. Boulder was tested in Michigan State University trials, the North Central Regional trials, on-farm trials in Michigan and other out-of-state replicated agronomic trials. Under irrigated conditions in Michigan, the yield is similar to or better than Atlantic, but specific gravity is less. Boulder has a full-season vine maturity that is similar to Snowden, but the tubers size early. Based upon our trials, an in-row spacing of less than 25.4 cm to reduce the percentage of oversize tubers is recommended. In simulated bruise tests, Boulder had less blackspot bruising than Atlantic, but was more blackspot susceptible than Onaway. Based upon five years of trials, Boulder has resistance to scab that is greater than Atlantic, but less than Onaway.  相似文献   

3.
White Pearl is a chipping cultivar with high level of resistance to cold sweetening. The cold-chipping capacity of White Pearl is better than the current chipping cultivars, including Atlantic, Snowden and NorValley. White Pearl has low glucose content and good chip color when processed directly after a 7-month storage period at 3.3 to 5.5 C. White Pearl tubers are similar to Snowden with a round oval shape, light netting, shallow eyes, white flesh, small to medium size, uniform shape, and are practically free of external and internal defects. The yield and specific gravity of White Pearl are medium. White Pearl is similar to Snowden in susceptibility to early blight, pink rot and soft rot, but it is slightly more resistant to common scab. White Pearl vines are susceptible to late blight, but can be managed effectively with fungicides. White Pearl is more sensitive to blackspot bruise than Atlantic or Snowden at 7.2 C, but is more resistant at higher temperatures. White Pearl is sensitive to metribuzin (Sencor), but not rimsulfuron (Matrix) or sulfentrazone (Spartan).  相似文献   

4.
Dakota Pearl (ND2676-10) is a medium-maturing chipping cultivar with uniform, round, bright white-skinned tubers with shallow eyes. Dakota Pearl has the ability to produce commercially acceptable chips following long-term storage at 5.5 C without the need for reconditioning. It yields well under both dryland and irrigated trial conditions in North Dakota. North Central Regional Potato Variety Trial and Snack Food Association Trial results indicate it has wide adaptability. Yield and specific gravity under dryland conditions are similar to Norchip; Dakota Pearl has a low percentage of external defects. Average set is 12 to 14 tubers per hill. Dakota Pearl demonstrates wide consumer appeal as a tablestock cultivar due to attractive tuber appearance and bright-white skin. Sensory evaluation scores for baking, boiling, and microwaving are comparable to those of standard chip cvs Atlantic, NorValley, and Snowden. The specific gravity of Dakota Pearl is similar to cvs Norchip and NorValley, lower than for Atlantic or Snowden. Total glycoalkaloid levels are low, at 1.5 mg/100 g fresh tuber tissue. The North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station released Dakota Pearl on 23 April 1999.  相似文献   

5.
Liberator is a round white chip-processing selection with medium-high specific gravity and resistance to scab (Streptomyces scabies Thaxter). The tubers will chip process out of the field and from 10 C storage. The tuber appearance is similar to Norchip. Post-harvest tuber tests indicate a tolerance to fusarium dry rot. Liberator was tested in the North Central Regional Trials and the National Snack Food Association Trials. Under irrigated conditions the yield and specific gravity are similar to Snowden and Atlantic. Liberator has a full-season vine maturity that is similar to Snowden and tuber dormancy equal to Atlantic.  相似文献   

6.
Processing potatoes, both sprout inhibited and untreated, were evaluated for respiration rate and chip color during storage under commercial conditions (12 C, approximately 95% relative humidity, in darkness) following three growing seasons. While absolute respiration rates varied depending upon growing season and treatment, all cultivars and treatments studied during the 1995, 1996, and 1997 storage seasons showed similar respiration profiles. The initial stage following curing and sprout inhibition treatment (if applied) showed essentially constant respiration rates for a period of time varying from two to 15 weeks, depending upon growing season, treatment and cultivar. This was followed by a stage that showed a linear increase in respiration rates. In some cases the respiration rates eventually stabilized, or decreased. There was an apparent correlation between respiration trends and chip color changes in most cases, though the statistical significance varied between cultivars and seasons. Qualitative analysis of the data showed that the point at which respiration rates began to increase coincided with the onset of the decline in chip color quality. These trends suggest that measurement of tuber respiration may provide a non-destructive andin situ method to predict changes in processing quality of stored potato tubers.  相似文献   

7.
‘Marcy’ is a white-skinned, white-fleshed potato cultivar notable for its high yield, good chip color, and resistance to common scab and race Ro1 of the golden cyst nematode. It was selected from a cross made at Cornell University in 1990 between ‘Atlantic’ and Q155-3. Full-season marketable yields of Marcy have averaged 15% to 20% greater than Atlantic in 83 trials across New York, Maine, and Pennsylvania. Specific gravity of Marcy has averaged 0.008 less than Atlantic. Chip color out of 7 C storage in New York has been similar to ‘Pike’, but not as light as ‘Snowden’. Marcy tubers have an attractive oval shape, shallow eyes, and highly textured skin. Marcy was jointly released by the New York and Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Stations in 2002.  相似文献   

8.
Breeding progress for potato chip quality in North American cultivars   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Forty-four potato cultivars, released in the period between 1876 and the present were grown concurrently in field trials, stored simultaneously in three different environments, then evaluated for chip quality. They represented cultivars historically used and/or bred for potato chip production. Quality factors measured were tuber solids, chip color, reducing sugar levels, sucrose levels, and percent of defect-free chips. Tuber solids tended to increase in the late period cultivars, but trends were erratic. The release of Lenape marked the beginning of an increase in tuber solids that has continued to the present. There was a significant trend for lower reducing sugars and better chip color that corresponded to increasingly later cultivar release dates. Since about 1960, progress toward lower reducing sugars and better chip color has been constant, regardless of whether tubers were stored at 4.4 C, stored at 4.4 C and reconditioned, or stored at 10 C. Late period cultivars tended to have a greater percentage of defect-free chips in comparison to those released earlier, with most of the improvement coming during the last few years. This study provided evidence that potato breeders have made significant progress in developing cultivars with good chip quality. Evidence was also found that Lenape was a landmark cultivar and has been an important contributor to the observed breeding progress  相似文献   

9.
The cultivars Atlantic, Belchip, Denali, Monona, Norchip and Russet Burbank were harvested at weekly intervals from early August to early October in 1980–81 and analyzed for the following attributes: 1) sucrose rating (SR) (mg sucrose/g fresh tuber) 2) specific gravity (Sp.G.); 3) total yield and 4) chip color. At the final harvest, samples of each cultivar were stored and analyzed for color to determine chipping ability after storage. All varieties achieved a SR below 1.0 by 145 days of growth. Higher nitrogen levels reduced the total yield for early harvests but had no significant effect for later harvests. Changes in sucrose levels as tubers matured were helpful in evaluating the chemical maturity of more recently developed cultivars in relation to established chipping varieties.  相似文献   

10.
Summary Potato tubers were inoculated with two biotypes ofPhytophthora infestans then stored at 3,7, 10 and 15°C. Image analysis quantified average reflective intensity (ARI) of diseased tissue from cut surfaces of sample tubers. Tuber tissue infection and infection rate were measured by calculating Mean ARI of samples. Average tuber tissue infection and infection rate was minimal at 3°C (P.i.-US8 orP.i.-US1). Tuber tissue infection increased at temperatures >3°C, from 220 Mean ARI seven days after inoculation (dai) to 190–150 Mean ARI 50 dai (depending on cultivar and biotype ofP. infestans). Rate of tuber tissue infection caused byP.i.-US1 at 7°C was about zero in cv. Snowden but greater than −0.2 ARI day−1 (cvs Russet Burbank and Superior). Rate of late blight infection in tuber tissue generally increased with temperature from −0.2 ARI day−1 (at 7°C) in all cultivars to a maximum of −0.8 ARI day−1 (10°C).  相似文献   

11.
Three potato cultivars (Russet Burbank, Norchip, and Gemchip) grown with nitrogen applied at three rates were stored at two temperature regimes (Treatment 1: 13 months at 10 CTreatment 2: 1 month at 10 C; followed by a 1 C decrease per week until tubers were 4 C; followed by 6 months at 4 C; followed by a 1 C increase per week until tubers were 10 C; followed by 3 months at 10 C). Tuber chemical components and potato chip appearance were measured at harvest and after 3, 6, 9, 11, 12, and 13 months; these measurements were performed within 24 hours of the time potatoes were removed from storage. Sugar responses (tuber glucose, fructose, sucrose) and potato chip appearance were affected by cultivar over time in both years and storage temperatures. Russet Burbank tubers displayed a significantly higher glucose forming potential and produced darker appearing chips, regardless of storage temperature or time in storage, compared to Norchip and Gemchip. Potatoes receiving a cold-storage treatment contained less sugar and produced lighter appearing chips after 12 months storage compared to tubers stored at a constant 10 C for 12 months. The linear association between tuber chemical components and potato chip appearance varied with storage temperature.  相似文献   

12.
Summary Low temperature sweetening is a major problem to chip and crisp manufacturers as it results in the production of unacceptably dark fry products. Cryo-electron microscopy was used to examine the changes which occur to the surface morphology of starch granules from tubers of cultivars Record and Brodick stored at 4°C and 10°C. At harvest, the surface of the starch granules was smooth but during storage the surface of the granules became progressívely more pitted. The feasibility of using this technique to determine whether increased starch breakdown occurs at low storage temperatures is discussed. Deceased.  相似文献   

13.
The effect of plant population and harvest timing on potato yield and chipping quality was studied at two Iowa locations during 1986, 1987, and 1988. Evaluations were conducted in eastern Iowa near Muscatine and in western Iowa at Whiting. The cultivars Atlantic and Norchip were planted at in-row spacings of 15, 31, and 46 cm and were harvested approximately 12, 14, and 16 weeks after planting. Delaying harvest until 14 or 16 weeks after planting resulted in greater yields and better specific gravities for both cultivars. At Muscatine, chip color was not significantly affected by harvest date, but at Whiting, each successive harvest produced lighter-colored chips. Greater seed piece populations increased both Atlantic arid Norchip yields. Greater planting populations also caused a small increase in specific gravity. Seed spacing did not significantly affect chip color. In comparison with Norchip, Atlantic produced tubers with higher specific gravities throughout the season and greater total yields on the final harvest date. Atlantic did, however, show susceptibility to hollow heart. The incidence of hollow heart was reduced by close seed spacing.  相似文献   

14.
The relationship between chip color, dry matter, sucrose, reducing sugars, ascorbic acid, protein, and storage temperature of commercially grown and stored Russet Burbank, Norchip, and Kennebec potatoes was investigated. Multiple correlation analysis of data, collected over a period of three years, demonstrated that while dry matter, reducing sugars, sucrose, and tuber weight were significant in determining chip color of freshly harvested potatoes, reducing sugars, tuber temperature, and sucrose were important in determining chip color of stored tubers. The relative importance of each parameter varied with the age of the tubers, year in which the potatoes were grown and stored, and cultivar. The multiple correlation coefficient among chip color, dry matter, sucrose, reducing sugars, and tuber weight was 0.901 for fresh Russet Burbank, 0.839 for fresh Norchip, 0.909 for fresh Kennebec, and 0.790 for the three cultivars combined. Similarly, the multiple correlation coefficient among chip color, reducing sugars, sucrose, and tuber temperature was 0.866 for stored Russet Burbank, 0.731 for stored Norchip, 0.914 for stored Kennebec and 0.790 for the combined stored material. Regression equations varied from cultivar to cultivar and from one season to another. This indicates that the quantitative relationship between the factors assayed was not sufficiently stable to serve as a general measure of prediction.  相似文献   

15.
Skin set of tubers, an indication of maturity, is a major reason for desiccating potato vines (Solanum tuberosum L.). A hand-held torque meter was evaluated for measuring tuber skin resistence to shearing as a measure of skin set. To demonstrate practical use of the torque meter to growers, shear resistance must be related to tuber skinning. ‘Atlantic’ and ‘Snowden’ potato tubers were individually measured for skin shear resistance followed by skinning. A linear relationship between skin shear resistance and tuber skinning was observed. The regression equations were Torque (mN*m) = 354 - (1.4 * Percent Skinning) for Atlantic in 1995 and Torque (mN*m) = 404 - (2.2 * Percent Skinning) for Snowden in 1996. The objective measuring of shear resistance was directly related to the more subjective measuring of tuber skinning with an R-square of 0.83. In 1995, harvested Atlantic tubers from desiccated plants were measured for skinning and resistance to torque. Skinning decreased and torque resistance increased during the 3-wk period after the initial desiccation treatment. However, skinning remained unacceptable at one and two weeks after desiccation regardless of treatment. Three weeks after desiccation, tubers from diquat-treated plots showed acceptable skin set levels and a torque resistance over 325 mN*m, which the model indicated would give acceptable skin set. Unacceptable skinning and a low torque resistance, less than 310 mN*m, remained a problem with vine flailing. Data indicated that resistance to torque exerted by the torque meter was an accurate measurement of skin set for harvested tubers. However, model regressions for the two round-white chipping cultivars, Atlantic and Snowden, differed. The torque meter can be used in the field or office. A major difficulty was maintaining a constant pressure on the tuber skin while applying the torque.  相似文献   

16.
Lamoka is a white-skinned, white-fleshed potato variety notable for excellent chip color from cold storage, good yield and specific gravity, and resistance to both common scab and race Ro1 of the golden cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis). It was selected from a cross made at Cornell University in 1998 between NY120 and NY115. The tubers are round-oblong and slightly flattened, with shallow eyes and relatively smooth skin. Chip color out of cold storage is better than ‘Snowden’. Marketable yield averaged 90% of Snowden across 95 trials in New York, Pennsylvania and Maine, while specific gravity averaged 0.003 less than Snowden. Lamoka was released by the New York Agricultural Experiment Station in 2011.  相似文献   

17.
Cultivars were harvested biweekly for yield, weekly for sucrose determinations, and stored for chipping. At the last harvest Crystal was highest in total and marketable yield. Specific gravity was higher in Lemhi, Russet Burbank, and Norchip than in Kennebec, Crystal and Dakchip. Storage tests showed Norchip had superior chipping color to other cultivars. Dakchip had better color after short rather than after long-term storage, while the opposite was true for Kennebec and Russet Burbank. Lemhi and Crystal were marginal in color throughout storage. Sucrose (mg sucrose/g fresh tuber) expressed as a sucrose rating (SR) ranged from 1.2 to 11.9 among the various cultivars and harvest dates. Correlation between SR’s and tuber size within cultivars ranged from ?.91 to ?.97. Variability in sucrose content of immature tubers explained 70% of the variability in chip color among cultivars after storage from four to six months. Sucrose levels may be used to predict relative chipping quality of various cultivars after moderate to long-term storage if measured during early tuber development when differences in sucrose concentration are greatest among cultivars.  相似文献   

18.
The suitability of potatoes for processing into potato chips is dependent on chip color, and internal and external defects. Concentrations of reducing sugars, and more specifically glucose, have been used as a quantitative indicator of acceptability of potato for chipping. The research reported here investigated the correlation between sugar concentrations and chip color, and the variability of sugar concentrations between samples and sample locations. Three potato storage research bins, each with an independent air handling and control system, were located inside of commercial potato storage bins. Snowden potatoes were harvested in the fall of 1992 and stored at different temperatures in the bins through late March, 1993. The potatoes were sampled bi-weekly during the storage period, and the samples were analyzed for sugar concentrations (sucrose and glucose) using a YSI model 2700 sugar analyzer.1 The results indicated that a Snowden potato sample with a glucose concentration less than 0.0075%2 (fresh weight basis) will have a 90% probability of having an acceptable Snack Food Association color score of 1.5 or lower. Lower numbers indicate whiter chips which are generally preferred by chip producers. Similarly, a sample with a glucose concentration of 0.01% will have a 90% probability of having a color of 2 or lower. Based on tubers sampled from four heights within the storage bins, samples from the top of a potato bin will provide a representative sample as long as recommended storage procedures are followed, and potato pulp temperatures are similar throughout the storage.  相似文献   

19.
AC Glacier Chip has a maincrop maturity, higher yields than Snowden and excellent quality (color and dry matter) for the chip industry. The tubers are oval and very uniform in size with white flesh. It performs best under irrigated conditions. AC Glacier Chip provides the industry with a high-yielding chip cultivar that produces excellent quality fried product out of the field and from long-term storage.  相似文献   

20.
Cold sweetening, the accumulation of reducing sugars in potatoes stored at low temperatures, results in dark chips unacceptable to the consumer. Developing potato cultivars that can chip directly from cooler temperatures (i.e., 3 to 4 C) requires the identification and use of new germplasm with cold-chipping resistance. Individuals from 16 haploid x wild species hybrid families were grown at two sites and their harvested tubers stored at 3 C for 15 wk. Following storage, individuals were evaluated for cold-chipping ability by (1) direct chipping, and (2) reconditioning for 2 wk at 18 C prior to chipping. At both sites, approximately 1% of progeny had good chip color (<2.0 rating using the Snack Food Association scale). Germplasm representing haploid x wild species hybrid families was evaluated for cold-chipping ability following storage of tubers at 3 C for 15 wk, and after storage at 18 C for 2 wk. The two cold-chipping clones identified with chip color means <2.0 were AH 66-1 and H 28-6, hybrids derived fromS. raphanifolium accessions 296126 and 310998, respectively.S. raphanifolium PI 296126 was exceptional in that chip color means of its progeny were 2.5 and 2.7 at McLeod (North Dakota) and Crookston (Minnesota), respectively. All clones with chip color means <2.6 involvedS. raphanifolium PIs 296126, 310998, and 458384 in their parentage. Following reconditioning, the number of progeny in the good and medium chipping categories improved from direct chipping with 14.1% of the progeny at McLeod and 3.8% at Crookston in the good chipping category.S. raphanifolium PIs 210048 and 310998 together accounted for 100% and 50% of the clones with chip scores <2.0 at McLeod and Crookston, respectively. Clones ranking high for chip color following direct chipping generally chipped well following reconditioning.  相似文献   

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