首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
以华北落叶松人工林为对象,研究不同林分密度下(分别为740、1480、2000和2170株.hm-2)各土层的土壤有机碳含量、有机碳密度、养分特征以及它们之间的相关关系。结果表明:土壤有机碳含量及碳密度随着土壤深度增加而减少,呈明显的垂直分布特征;当林分密度增大到2170株.hm-2时,土壤有机碳含量及碳密度显著增加至最大,分别为25.45g.kg-1和15.68kg.m-2,并与740株.hm-2林地土壤有机碳含量及碳密度差异显著。当林分密度由740株.hm-2增加到2170株.hm-2时,各种养分变化规律不尽一致,但当林分密度为2170株.hm-2时,0-60cm深度的土壤全氮、全磷及速效钾含量均保持在一个相对较高的水平,而土壤全钾和有效磷含量仅在0-20cm土层较高。对于落叶松人工林地整个土壤剖面,土壤有机碳含量及碳密度与土壤全氮、全磷、速效钾含量均呈显著或极显著正相关。从林地土壤固碳的角度,建议将华北落叶松人工林的林分密度控制在2170株.hm-2。  相似文献   

2.
SUN Lipeng 《干旱区科学》2019,11(6):928-938
The lack of clarity of how natural vegetation restoration influences soil organic carbon (SOC) content and SOC components in soil aggregate fractions limits the understanding of SOC sequestration and turnover in forest ecosystems. The aim of this study was to explore how natural vegetation restoration affects the SOC content and ratio of SOC components in soil macroaggregates (>250 μm), microaggregates (53-250 μm), and silt and clay (<53 μm) fractions in 30-, 60-, 90- and 120-year-old Liaodong oak (Quercus liaotungensis Koidz.) forests, Shaanxi, China in 2015. And the associated effects of biomasses of leaf litter and different sizes of roots (0-0.5, 0.5-1.0, 1.0-2.0 and >2.0 mm diameter) on SOC components were studied too. Results showed that the contents of high activated carbon (HAC), activated carbon (AC) and inert carbon (IC) in the macroaggregates, microaggregates and silt and clay fractions increased with restoration ages. Moreover, IC content in the microaggregates in topsoil (0-20 cm) rapidly increased; peaking in the 90-year-old restored forest, and was 5.74 times higher than AC content. In deep soil (20-80 cm), IC content was 3.58 times that of AC content. Biomasses of 0.5-1.0 mm diameter roots and leaf litter affected the content of aggregate fractions in topsoil, while the biomass of >2.0 mm diameter roots affected the content of aggregate fractions in deep soil. Across the soil profiles, macroaggregates had the highest capacity for HAC sequestration. The effects of restoration ages on soil aggregate fractions and SOC content were less in deep soil than in topsoil. In conclusion, natural vegetation restoration of Liaodong oak forests improved the contents of SOC, especially IC within topsoil and deep soil. The influence of IC on aggregate stability was greater than the other SOC components, and the aggregate stability was significantly affected by the biomasses of litter, 0.5-1.0 mm diameter roots in topsoil and >2.0 mm diameter roots in deep soil. Natural vegetation restoration of Liaodong oak forests promoted SOC sequestration by soil macroaggregates.  相似文献   

3.
Forest management such as timber harvesting shapes fire regimes and landscape patterns, and these patterns often differ significantly from those under natural disturbances. Our objective was to examine the effects of timber harvesting modes on fire regimes and landscape patterns in a boreal forest of Northeast China. We used a spatially explicit landscape model, LANDIS, to simulate the changes of forest landscape in the Huzhong forest region of the Great Khingan Mountains under no-cutting, clear-cutting, gradual-cutting and selective-cutting modes. Results showed that:(1) the fine fuel loadings generally decreased while the coarse fuel loadings increased with the increase of timber harvesting intensity;(2) the potential burn area significantly varied among different cutting modes, but the potential fire frequency had no obvious difference. Moreover, timber harvesting generally increased the potential fire risk;(3) clear-cutting mode significantly decreased the mean patch size and the aggregation of larch forests and increased the mean patch size and the aggregation of white birch forests. Therefore, clear-cutting mode should be abandoned, and selective-cutting mode be recommended for the sustainable forest management in the Great Khingan Mountains.  相似文献   

4.
Knowledge of soil carbon(C) distribution and its relationship with the environment can improve our understanding of its biogeochemical cycling and help to establish sound regional models of C cycling. However, such knowledge is limited in environments with complex landscape configurations. In this study, we investigated the vertical distribution and storage of soil organic carbon(SOC) and soil inorganic carbon(SIC) in the 10 representative landscapes(alpine meadow, subalpine shrub and meadow, mountain grassland, mountain forest, typical steppe, desert steppe, Hexi Corridor oases cropland, Ruoshui River delta desert, Alxa Gobi desert, and sandy desert) with contrasting bioclimatic regimes in the Heihe River Basin, Northwest China. We also measured the 87 Sr/86 Sr ratio in soil carbonate to understand the sources of SIC because the ratio can be used as a proxy in calculating the contribution of pedogenic inorganic carbon(PIC) to total SIC. Our results showed that SOC contents generally decreased with increasing soil depth in all landscapes, while SIC contents exhibited more complicated variations along soil profiles in relation to pedogenic processes and parent materials at the various landscapes. There were significant differences of C stocks in the top meter among different landscapes, with SOC storage ranging from 0.82 kg C/m~2 in sandy desert to 50.48 kg C/m~2 in mountain forest and SIC storage ranging from 0.19 kg C/m~2 in alpine meadow to 21.91 kg C/m~2 in desert steppe. SIC contributed more than 75% of total C pool when SOC storage was lower than 10 kg C/m~2, and the proportion of PIC to SIC was greater than 70% as calculated from Sr isotopic ratio, suggesting the critical role of PIC in the C budget of this region. The considerable variations of SOC and SIC in different landscapes were attributed to different pedogenic environments resulted from contrasting climatic regimes, parent materials and vegetation types. This study provides an evidence for a general trade-off pattern between SOC and SIC, showing the compensatory effects of environmental conditions(especially climate) on SOC and SIC formation in these landscapes. This is largely attributed to the fact that the overall decrease in temperature and increase in precipitation from arid deserts to alpine mountains simultaneously facilitate the accumulation of SOC and depletion of SIC.  相似文献   

5.
通过对全要素生产率的测算和收敛性分析,了解西北地区家庭林业配置效率、时空差异及发展趋势,为推动西北地区家庭林业全要素生产率增长,加快林业经济发展方式转变和制定林业可持续发展的相关政策提供科学依据和理论支撑。选用DEA-Malmquist模型和收敛性分析法,就西北地区家庭林业全要素生产率增长情况、时空差异及是否存在收敛做出评估。结果表明:1)从整体上看,2011-2017年西北地区家庭林业全要素生产率年均增长11.6%,其中技术进步(31.9%)是西北地区家庭林业全要素生产率增长的动力源泉;2)从变化趋势上看,2011-2017年西北地区家庭林业全要素生产率呈现明显的波动特征;3)从区域来看,2011-2017年各地区家庭林业全要素生产率呈现较大差异性;4)从收敛性上看,2011-2017年各地区家庭林业全要素生产率差距正逐步缩小,存在收敛趋势。因此,文中研究认为促进林业技术进步、优化林业资源配置和因地制宜发展林业是提升西北地区家庭林业全要素生产率、缩小地区差距的有效途径。  相似文献   

6.
Improving our knowledge of the effects of environmental factors(e.g.soil conditions,precipitation and temperature) on belowground biomass in an alpine grassland is essential for understanding the consequences of carbon storage in this biome.The object of this study is to investigate the relative importance of soil nutrients and climate factors on belowground biomass in an alpine meadow in the source region of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers,Tibetan Plateau.Soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorous(TP) contents and belowground biomass were measured at 22 sampling sites across an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau.We analyzed the data by using the redundancy analysis to determine the main environmental factors affecting the belowground biomass and the contribution of each factor.The results showed that SOC,TN and TP were the main factors that influenced belowground biomass,and the contribution of SOC,TN and TP on biomass was in the range of 47.87%–72.06% at soil depths of 0–30 cm.Moreover,the combined contribution of annual mean temperature(AMT) and mean annual precipitation(MAP) on belowground biomass ranged from 0.92% to 4.10%.A potential mechanism for the differences in belowground biomass was caused by the variations in soil nitrogen and phosphorous,which were coupled with SOC.A significant correlation was observed between MAP and soil nutrients(SOC,TN and TP) at the soil depth of 0–10 cm(P0.05).We concluded that precipitation is an important driving force in regulating ecosystem functioning as reflected in variations of soil nutrients(SOC,TN and TP) and dynamics of belowground biomass in alpine grassland ecosystems.  相似文献   

7.
Labile organic carbon(LC) and recalcitrant organic carbon(RC) are two major fractions of soil organic carbon(SOC) and play a critical role in organic carbon turnover and sequestration. The aims of this study were to evaluate the variations of LC and RC in a semi-arid soil(Inner Mongolia, China) under plastic mulch and drip irrigation after the application of organic materials(OMs), and to explore the effects of OMs from various sources on LC and RC by probing the decomposition characteristics of OMs using in-situ nylon mesh bags burying method. The field experiment included seven treatments, i.e., chicken manure(CM), sheep manure(SM), mushroom residue(MR), maize straw(MS), fodder grass(FG), tree leaves(TL) and no OMs as a control(CK). Soil LC and RC were separated by Huygens D's method(particle size-density), and the average soil mass recovery rate and carbon recovery rate were above 95%, which indicated this method was suitable for carbon pools size analysis. The LC and RC contents significantly(P0.01) increased after the application of OMs. Moreover, LC and RC contents were 3.2%–8.6% and 5.0%–9.4% higher in 2016 than in 2015. The applications of CM and SM significantly increased(P0.01) LC content and LC/SOC ratio, whereas they were the lowest after the application of TL. However, SOC and RC contents were significantly higher(P0.01) after the applications of TL and MS. The correlation analysis indicated the decomposition rate of OMs was positively related with LC content and LC/SOC ratio. In addition, lignin, polyphenol, WOM(total water-soluble organic matter), WHA(water-soluble humic acid), HSL(humic-like substance) and HAL(humic acid-like) contents in initial OMs played important roles in SOC and RC. In-situ nylon mesh bags burying experiment indicated the decomposition rates of CM, SM and MS were significantly higher than those of MR, FG, and TL. Furthermore, MS could result in more lignin derivatives, WHA, and HAL polymers in shorter time during the decomposition process. In conclusion, the application of MS in the semi-arid soil under a long-term plastic mulch and drip irrigation condition could not only improve soil fertility, but also enhance soil carbon sequestration.  相似文献   

8.
通过野外采样和实验室分析,利用空间变化代替时间变化的手段,研究了宁夏盐池县多年围封区沙漠化逆转过程中不同粒组颗粒养分与全土养分的关系。结果表明：随着沙漠化程度的减小,中粗砂、极细砂和黏粉粒组分中有机碳和氮、磷、钾的含量及全土中有机碳和氮、磷、钾的含量均呈逐渐增大的趋势;相关分析表明,不同粒组颗粒养分与全土养分呈极显著正相关,沙漠化逆转过程中全土有机碳和氮、磷、钾养分的固存效应是与不同粒径颗粒结合的有机碳和氮、磷、钾养分共同作用的结果。通径分析表明,不同粒组颗粒养分对全土中各养分指标的影响程度和重要性不同,与粒径较大的中粗砂和极细砂结合的非保护性颗粒养分对全土养分的影响较显著。  相似文献   

9.
Film mulching system is a widely employed agricultural practice worldwide. However, the effects of different planting and mulching patterns on soil nutrient content and enzymatic activity have not been well documented. In this study, we examined the impact of four planting and mulching patterns(including control, flat planting without mulching; M1, flat planting with film mulching; M2, ridge-furrow planting with film mulching on both ridges and furrows; and M3, ridge-furrow planting with film mulching on continuous ridges) on the seed yield of winter oilseed rape, soil moisture, soil temperature, soil organic carbon(SOC) content, soil nutrient content, and soil enzymatic activity over three growing seasons from 2012 to 2015 in a winter oilseed rape field in the semi-arid area of Northwest China. Seed yield of winter oilseed rape, soil moisture, soil temperature, enzymatic activities, and contents of nitrate-nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium were all significantly higher in mulching treatments(M1, M2 and M3) than in control treatment over the three growing seasons, whereas SOC content was significantly lower in mulching treatments than in control treatment during 2013–2014 and 2014–2015. Among the three mulching treatments(M1, M2 and M3), the M3 treatment showed consistently higher seed yield, SOC content, nutrient contents, and enzymatic activities than the other two treatments. Seed yield of winter oilseed rape was 41.1% and 15.0% higher in M3 than in M1 and M2, respectively. SOC content and soil enzymatic activities in the top 0–20 cm soil layers and nitrate-nitrogen content in the top 0–30 cm soil layers were all significantly higher in M3 than in M1 and M2. Therefore, we advise the ridge-furrow planting with film mulching on continuous ridges(i.e., M3) as an efficient planting and mulching pattern for sustainably improving the seed yield of winter oilseed rape and preserving soil fertility in the semi-arid area of Northwest China.  相似文献   

10.
兴安落叶松鞘蛾为东北地区落叶松的主要害虫。1986年3月～1987年10月春秋两季观察:捕食该虫的鸟类有17种。10月间试验用网罩方法阻止鸟类的捕食,到翌年4月调查,未网罩区松鞘蛾密度较网罩区减少33.09％,充分说明自然界鸟类有控制该虫的作用。  相似文献   

11.
Altitude is a useful indicator to examine patterns of forest structure and species diversity in relation to environmental factors.In this study,the altitude patterns of forest stand structure and species diversity were analyzed across 20 plots in the Tianchi Nature Reserve,Northwest China.The results showed that mean stem height(Hm),maximum stem height(Hmax) and mean stem diameter at breast height(Dm) of Picea schrenkiana trees all decreased significantly with increasing altitude.Potential tree height(H*) decreased while stem taper increased significantly as altitude increased,suggesting remarkable altitudinal changes in biomass allocation between the diameter and height growth of Picea schrenkiana.Understory herbaceous richness increased significantly with increasing altitude,or with decreasing total basal area(TBA),Hm and stand volume(Volume).High light availability for understory herbs might account for the higher species richness at high altitude.Sorensen Index decreased significantly with the increase in altitude intervals,while the Cody Index demonstrated a converse pattern,suggesting greater differences in species composition with larger distances.  相似文献   

12.
LIU Yulin 《干旱区科学》2022,14(9):1055-1068
Litter and root activities may alter the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of soil respiration. However, existing studies have not provided a comprehensive understanding of the effects of litter and root carbon inputs on the Q10 of soil respiration in different seasons. In this study, we used the trench method under in situ conditions to measure the total soil respiration (Rtotal), litter-removed soil respiration (Rno-litter), root-removed soil respiration (Rno-root), and the decomposition of soil organic matter (i.e., both litter and root removal; RSOM) in different seasons of pioneer (Populus davidiana Dode) and climax (Quercus liaotungensis Mary) forests on the Loess Plateau, China. Soil temperature, soil moisture, litter biomass, fine root biomass, litter carbon, and root carbon were analyzed to obtain the drive mechanism of the Q10 of soil respiration in the two forests. The results showed that the Q10 of soil respiration exhibited seasonality, and the Q10 of soil respiration was higher in summer. The litter enhanced the Q10 of soil respiration considerably more than the root did. Soil temperature, soil moisture, fine root biomass, and litter carbon were the main factors used to predict the Q10 of different soil respiration components. These findings indicated that factors affecting the Q10 of soil respiration highly depended on soil temperature and soil moisture as well as related litter and root traits in the two forests, which can improve our understanding of soil carbon-climate feedback in global warming. The results of this study can provide reference for exploring soil respiration under temperate forest restoration.  相似文献   

13.
Soil carbon(C) and nitrogen(N) play a crucial role in determining the soil and environmental quality. In this study, we investigated the effects of 26 years(from 1984 to 2010) of farmland management on soil organic carbon(SOC) and soil N in abandoned, wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) non-fertilized, wheat fertilized(mineral fertilizer and organic manure) and alfalfa(Medicago Sativa L.) non-fertilized treatments in a semi-arid region of the Loess Plateau, China. Our results showed that SOC and soil total N contents in the 0–20 cm soil layer increased by 4.29(24.4%) and 1.39 Mg/hm2(100%), respectively, after the conversion of farmland to alfalfa land. Compared to the wheat non-fertilized treatment, SOC and soil total N contents in the 0–20 cm soil layer increased by 4.64(26.4%) and 1.18 Mg/hm2(85.5%), respectively, in the wheat fertilized treatment. In addition, we found that the extents of changes in SOC, soil total N and mineral N depended on soil depth were greater in the upper soil layer(0–30 cm) than in the deeper soil layer(30–100 cm) in the alfalfa land or fertilizer-applied wheat land. Fertilizer applied to winter wheat could increase the accumulation rates of SOC and soil total N. SOC concentration had a significant positive correlation with soil total N concentration. Therefore, this study suggested that farmland management, e.g. the conversion of farmland to alfalfa forage land and fertilizer application, could promote the sequestrations of C and N in soils in semi-arid regions.  相似文献   

14.
青海大通中国沙棘人工林对土壤有机质和含氮量的影响   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  
测定了 1 4a生沙棘纯林及沙棘×青海云杉和沙棘×白桦×青杨以及无林对照剖面 2 0个土样的有机质、全氮及速效氮含量 ,比较研究了青海大通黄河上游沙棘人工林对土壤系统的微观生态效应。结果表明 :①在青海大通营造沙棘林能在短时间内迅速提高土壤有机质含量。 1 4a生沙棘纯林及混交林 0 - 80cm土层平均有机质含量较对照分别提高 1 79.35 %和1 67.68% ,0 - 80cm土层平均有机质含量较对照分别增加 5 9.1 44和 41 .0 2t/hm2 ;②沙棘的固氮作用使土壤氮素含量在短期内大幅度提高 ,沙棘纯林及混交林 0 - 80cm的贮蛋量较对照分别增加 3.1 1 9t/hm2 和 2 .5 74t/hm2 ,速效氮贮量增加 30 0 .69kg/hm2 和 2 33.5 5kg/hm2 ;③沙棘人工林对土壤有机质和全氮的增长作用随土壤深度增加而降低 ,而速效氮在土壤中下层高于表层。④ 1 4a生沙棘纯林的培肥效应高于沙棘混交林 ,而沙棘与针叶树混交培肥效果又低于沙棘与阔叶树混交。  相似文献   

15.
BI Xu  LI Bo  NAN Bo  FAN Yao  FU Qi  ZHANG Xinshi 《干旱区科学》2018,10(4):612-627
Soil organic carbon(SOC) and soil total nitrogen(STN) in arid regions are important components of global C and the N cycles, and their response to climate change will have important implications for both ecosystem processes and global climate feedbacks. Grassland ecosystems of Funyun County in the southern foot of the Altay Mountains are characterized by complex topography, suggesting large variability in the spatial distribution of SOC and STN. However, there has been little investigation of SOC and STN on grasslands in arid regions with a mountain-basin structure. Therefore, we investigated the characteristics of SOC and STN in different grassland types in a mountain-basin system at the southern foot of the Altai Mountains, north of the Junggar Basin in China, and explored their potential influencing factors and relationships with meteorological factors and soil properties. We found that the concentrations and storages of SOC and STN varied significantly with grassland type, and showed a decreasing trend along a decreasing elevation gradient in alpine meadow, mountain meadow, temperate typical steppe, temperate steppe desert, and temperate steppe desert. In addition, the SOC and STN concentrations decreased with depth, except in the temperate desert steppe. According to Pearson's correlation values and redundancy analysis, the mean annual precipitation, soil moisture content and soil available N concentration were significantly positively correlated with the SOC and STN concentrations. In contrast, the mean annual temperature, p H, and soil bulk density were significantly and negatively correlated with the SOC and STN concentrations. The mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature were the primary factors related to the SOC and STN concentrations. The distributions of the SOC and STN concentrations were highly regulated by the elevation-induced differences in meteorological factors. Mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature together explained 97.85% and 98.38% of the overall variations in the SOC and STN concentrations, respectively, at soil depth of 0–40 cm, with precipitation making the greatest contribution. Our results provide a basis for estimating and predicting SOC and STN concentrations in grasslands in arid regions with a mountain-basin structure.  相似文献   

16.
沙地樟子松人工林土壤氮矿化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
土壤氮(N)的有效性是沙地林生态系统生产力和稳定性的关键限制因子。本研究以科尔沁沙地樟子松人工林为研究对象,分析测定了10~60 a林龄土壤NH4+-N、NO3--N和矿质N含量、氨化速率、硝化速率和N矿化速率的变化规律。结果表明：樟子松人工林土壤NH4+-N、NO3--N和矿质N含量,随着不同林龄在10~60 a内表现出增加的趋势,其中10~30 a增幅较小,40~60 a显著提高;随着土层深度增加而减小,主要集中在0~20 cm,呈现出表聚性。不同林龄樟子松人工林土壤氨化速率、硝化速率和矿化速率均随林龄增加而增加,随土层深度的增加而降低,其中0~40 cm土层明显大于40~100 cm。通过双因素方差分析,得出林龄与土层对各矿化指标影响显著。土壤矿化指标与人工林地上樟子松株高、胸径、冠幅以及土壤有机碳、全氮、碱解氮有显著的正相关关系。通过冗余分析(RDA)表明,影响不同林龄土壤矿化指标的主要环境因子为全氮、全磷、有机碳;影响不同土层土壤矿化指标的主要环境因子为全氮、碱解氮、有机碳。因此,樟子松人工林能够改善沙地土壤N的有效性,幼龄林和中龄林改善效果较小,近成熟林和成熟林改善效果明显;对表层土的改善效果优于深层土;土壤肥力是影响土壤矿化指标的主要环境因子。  相似文献   

17.
Afforestation is conducive to soil carbon(C) sequestration in semi-arid regions. However, little is known about the effects of afforestation on sequestrations of total and labile soil organic carbon(SOC) fractions in semi-arid sandy lands. In the present study, we examined the effects of Caragana microphylla Lam. plantations with different ages(12-and 25-year-old) on sequestrations of total SOC as well as labile SOC fractions such as light fraction organic carbon(LFOC) and microbial biomass carbon(MBC). The analyzed samples were taken from soil depths of 0–5 and 5–15 cm under two shrub-related scenarios: under shrubs and between shrubs with moving sand dunes as control sites in the Horqin Sandy Land of northern China. The results showed that the concentrations and storages of total SOC at soil depths of 0–5 and 5–15 cm were higher in 12-and 25-year-old C. microphylla plantations than in moving sand dunes(i.e., control sites), with the highest value observed under shrubs in 25-year-old C. microphylla plantations. Furthermore, the concentrations and storages of LFOC and MBC showed similar patterns with those of total SOC at the same soil depth. The 12-year-old C. microphylla plantations had higher percentages of LFOC concentration to SOC concentration and MBC concentration to SOC concentration than the 25-year-old C. microphylla plantations and moving sand dunes at both soil depths. A significant positive correlation existed among SOC, LFOC, and MBC, implying that restoring the total and labile SOC fractions is possible by afforestation with C. microphylla shrubs in the Horqin Sandy Land. At soil depth of 0–15 cm, the accumulation rate of total SOC under shrubs was higher in young C. microphylla plantations(18.53 g C/(m~2·a); 0–12 years) than in old C. microphylla plantations(16.24 g C/(m~2·a); 12–25 years), and the accumulation rates of LFOC and MBC under shrubs and between shrubs were also higher in young C. microphylla plantations than in old C. microphylla plantations. It can be concluded that the establishment of C. microphylla in the Horqin Sandy Land may be a good mitigation strategy for SOC sequestration in the surface soils.  相似文献   

18.
Soil organic carbon(SOC) and soil inorganic carbon(SIC) are important C pools in the Loess Plateau of Northwest China, however, variations of SOC and SIC stocks under different cultivation practices and nitrogen(N) fertilization rates are not clear in this area. A long-term field experiment started in June 2003 was conducted to investigate the SOC and SIC stocks in a calcareous soil of the Chinese Loess Plateau under four cultivation practices, i.e., fallow(FA), conventional cultivation(CC), straw mulch(SM), and plastic film-mulched ridge and straw-mulched furrow(RF), in combination with three N fertilization rates, i.e., 0(N0), 120(N120), and 240(N240) kg N/hm~2. Results indicate that the crop straw addition treatments(SM and RF) increased the contents of soil microbial biomass C(SMBC) and SOC, and the SOC stock increased by 10.1%–13.3% at the upper 20 cm soil depth in comparison to the 8-year fallow(FA) treatment. Meanwhile, SIC stock significantly increased by 19% at the entire tested soil depth range(0–100 cm) under all crop cultivation practices in comparison to that of soil exposed to the long-term fallow treatment, particularly at the upper 60 cm soil depth. Furthermore, moderate N fertilizer application(120 kg N/hm~2) increased SOC stock at the upper 40 cm soil depth, whereas SIC stock decreased as the N fertilization rate increased. We conclude that the combined application of crop organic residues and moderate N fertilization rate could facilitate the sequestrations of SOC and SIC in the calcareous soil.  相似文献   

19.
Jun WU 《干旱区科学》2019,11(4):567-578
Soil tillage and straw retention in dryland areas may affect the soil aggregates and the distribution of total organic carbon. The aims of this study were to establish how different tillage and straw retention practices affect the soil aggregates and soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents in the aggregate fractions based on a long-term (approximately 15 years) field experimentin the semi-arid western Loess Plateau, northwestern China. The experiment included four soil treatments, i.e., conventional tillage with straw removed (T), conventional tillage with straw incorporated (TS), no tillage with straw removed (NT) and no tillage with straw retention (NTS), which were arranged in a complete randomized block design. The wet-sieving method was used to separate four size fractions of aggregates, namely, large macroaggregates (LA, >2000 μm), small macroaggregates (SA, 250-2000 μm), microaggregates (MA, 53-250 μm), and silt and clay (SC, <53 μm). Compared to the conventional tillage practices (including T and TS treatments), the percentages of the macroaggregate fractions (LA and SA) under the conservation tillage practices (including NT and NTS treatments) were increased by 41.2%-56.6%, with the NTS treatment having the greatest effect. For soil layers of 0-5, 5-10 and 10-30 cm, values of the mean weight diameter (MWD) under the TS and NTS treatments were 10.68%, 13.83% and 17.65%, respectively. They were 18.45%, 19.15% and 14.12% higher than those under the T treatment, respectively. The maximum contents of the aggregate-associated SOC and TN were detected in the SA fraction, with the greatest effect being observed for the NTS treatment. The SOC and TN contents were significantly higher under the NTS and TS treatments than under the T treatment. Also, the increases in SOC and TN levels were much higher in the straw-retention plots than in the straw-removed plots. The macroaggregates (including LA and SA fractions) were the major pools for SOC and TN, regardless of tillage practices, storing 3.25-6.81 g C/kg soil and 0.34-0.62 g N/kg soil. Based on the above results, we recommend the NTS treatment as the best option to boost soil aggregates and to reinforce carbon and nitrogen sequestration in soils in the semi-arid western Loess Plateau of northwestern China.  相似文献   

20.
通过对大青山人工生态林林分生长状况的调查分析 ,得出大青山人工生态林的建立是以海拔高度为主要因子划分造林地立地条件类型 ,树种选择在海拔 1 60 0m以上以华北落叶松 ,1 60 0m以下以油松为主要造林树种 ,是符合该地区生态气候条件的。使造林 1 5年～2 1年的林分保存率达到了 83.6～ 92 .0 % ,郁闭度为 0 .6～ 0 .8,并经测定表明 :该人工生态林林分已形成了很好的枯枝落叶层 ,林地土壤有机质含量丰富 ,土壤容重小 ,减少地表径流 ,土壤蓄水能力得到提高 ,增加了地下渗透的涵养水源作用 ,对区域环境已发挥了显著的生态效益。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号