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本研究鉴定出在中国大豆上又一类重要病原线虫——根结线虫。黄淮海豆区为其主要发生危害地带,并且,其主要病原种和小种为南方根结线虫寄主小种1号和花生根结线虫寄主小种2号。经用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜形态学观察,测量及鉴别寄主试验鉴定,结果表明其区系分布大体为:在开封为南方根结线虫[Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White,1919) Chitwood,1949]寄主小种1号和花生根结线虫[M.arenaria (Neal,1889) Chitwood,1949]寄主小种2号;在宁陵为花生根结线虫寄主小种2号;在崂山为南方根结线虫寄主小种1号,在栖霞为北方根结线虫(M.hapla Chitwood,1949),其中南方根结线虫的开封群体和崂山群体雌虫会阴花纹和排孔位置略有不同,但仍属于其种内群体及个体之间的差异。 相似文献
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花生根结线虫(Meloidogyne are-naria)是一种能引起花生重大损失的病原物。据估计,得克萨斯州26%的花生田有花生根结线虫,该线虫也广泛分布于美国东南部。目前还没有培育出高抗花生根结线虫的栽培品种,但已在花生属的不同种中鉴定出抗线性。Nelson等报道,许多花生野生种抗花生根结线虫,此外,他们发现了两个种间杂种抗这种线虫。抗性杂种之一T P—129是杂交组合[A.bat-izocoi×(A.cardenasiiGK P—10017×A.chacoensisGK P—10602)]4x的 相似文献
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福建省香蕉根结线虫病调查与病原鉴定 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2008~2013年,在福建省漳州市进行香蕉根结线虫病害的分布和危害性调查,结果表明：香蕉根结线虫病发生普遍,田间香蕉的株发病率达79.3％,苗圃香蕉假植苗株发病率达94.8％,带病香蕉苗成为香蕉根结线虫病的重要侵染源。香蕉根结线虫病的病原种类鉴定结果为南方根结线虫（Meloidogyne incognita）、爪哇根结线虫（M. javanica）和花生根结线虫（M. arenaria）,南方根结线虫为优势种,且存在根结线虫的混合种群。 相似文献
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在湖南、湖北、广东、广西、浙江和河南等省(区)主产区调查和鉴定,红麻根结线虫病病原线虫有南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)1号和2号小种,爪哇根结线虫(M.javanica)和花生根结线虫(M.arenaria)2号小种。南方根结线虫为优势种,其在湖南沅江麻田一年可完成四代。它们都不为害棉花、小麦、花生、芝麻、苎麻、高粱和玉米。幼虫主要分布在0～40厘米土层内。0～10厘米土层内幼虫数的波动在红麻生长季节有4个高峰,收获后还出现一个高峰。病原线虫以幼虫和卵主要在病残中越冬,清除病残可压低初次侵染。实行轮作可减轻病害和增产。重病田用D—D混剂,涕灭威或棉虫灵处理土壤效果良好。文中对抗线虫育种工作作了讨论。 相似文献
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在实验室内的凹玻片测试结果表明:接种淡紫拟青霉(Paecilomyces lilacinus)后,使南方根结线虫1号生理小种卵的孵化率明显降低,接种5天后的孵化率比对照降低一半,接种11天后卵寄生率达58.20％;温室盆栽试验结果表明:每40平方米1.5公斤、3.0公斤用量下,当季对花生北方根结线虫的卵寄生率达62.09％。53.99％;相同用量的大田试验结果表明;前期卵寄生率分别为18.72％—63.08％、22.92—32.76％,后期卵寄生率分别为19.42％,21.13％,防治效果分别为5.13％—22.45％,23.04％—25.50％,说明淡紫拟青霉对南方根结线虫1号生理种、花生北方根结线虫确有一定的防治效果。 相似文献
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玉米受多种植物寄生性线虫的侵袭,尽管和美国南部根结线虫时常侵害玉米,但有关玉米对这些线虫易感性的报导却不一致。Windham 等(1987)对64个作为寄主的商用玉米杂交种对根结线虫 M.arenaria 2号小种和黄麻根结线虫(M.incognita)4号小种群体的寄生适应性进行了评价。 相似文献
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１９８３—１９９１年用杀虫剂甲基异柳磷对花生根结线虫病的防效进行了研究，结果表明，于花生播种时，按每公顷用４０％甲基异柳磷乳油有效成分４．５ｋｇ，兑土或水稀释后，施于播种沟内，防效为４６．１％，增产７５％，并有兼治种苗期蚜虫等多种害虫作用。适合于花生根结线虫病发生较轻而虫害发生严重的地区或田块施用。 相似文献
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Soil samples taken from one- to four-year-old swards of white clover and perennial ryegrass at 34 sites, and from older clover/grass swards at 56 sites in England and Wales, were examined for plant parasitic nematodes. Stolons of white clover from 46 of these sites were examined for nematodes. Clover cyst nematode ( Heterodera trifolii ) and white clover stem nematode ( Ditylenchus dipsaci ) were found in 62% and 41% of sites respectively. The grass cyst nematode ( Punctodera punctata ) was present in 56% of 71 sites examined, and other grass cyst nematodes ( H. bifenestra and species of the H. avenae group) occurred in 13% and 17% of sites. Two root-knot nematodes were found, Meloidogyne naasi and M. hapla, in 15% and 4% of the samples examined. Migratory nematodes were extracted from 63 samples, and spiral, pin and lesion nematodes were found in more than 90%. Stunt nematodes were less frequent (65%) and criconematids (19%) were found relatively infrequently. The significance of these observations to grassland productivity is discussed. 相似文献
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在福建省发现豆科新品种多年生藤本豆（Lablab sp.）发生严重的根结线虫病,根部可产生巨大根结,根结内组织内可埋生数以百计的雌虫,卵囊产于根结内。通过形态特征及rDNA-ITS区序列扩增比对,藤本豆根结线虫鉴定为南方根结线虫（Meloidogyne incognita）。多年生藤本豆受根结线虫为害为首次记述, 也是南方根结线虫新寄主。接种实验结果表明,2龄幼虫主要侵染藤本豆根尖,也可侵染根其他部位,雌虫与卵囊埋生于根结内,卵可直接孵化并在根内直接侵染发育,根结大小发展快,根结坚硬,表面组织不易腐解,雄虫只能在后期根结腐败组织处发现。在环境温度（24~36 ℃）,生活史最短为24 d。田间重要杂草空心莲子草（Alternanthera philoxeroides）根结线虫病发生普遍,形态特征鉴定为南方根结线虫,田间调查及交叉接种实验表明其可能为田间藤本豆根结线虫病的主要侵染来源。 相似文献
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Studies to estimate root-knot nematode infestations on cucumber were conducted during mid- to late-season at 378 randomly selected sites in 126 villages of the four districts across the Pothowar zone of the country. The overall mean infestation of root-knot nematodes in the region was found to be 15.66%. The studies revealed variations in the incidence and severity of root-knot nematodes in the four districts. The incidence of root-knot nematodes was the highest in Rawalpindi district (21.86%), followed by 13.89% in Attock. Of the four districts, the minimum incidence of 10.97% was recorded in Jhelum district. The maximum mean severity (3.79), measured in terms of the galling index, was found in Rawalpindi district, while the minimum (1.86) was observed in Jhelum district. The mean severities of root-knot nematodes in the districts of Attock and Chakwal were 2.66 and 2.19 respectively. Variations in incidence and severity were also observed among subdivisions of the districts. Of all the associated species of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita constituted 78.53%, Meloidogyne javanica 19.03%, Meloidogyne arenaria 1.82% and Meloidogyne hapla 0.62%. M. incognita and M. javanica were recorded in all of the districts, with M. incognita predominating. M. incognita as a pure population was recorded in 29.63% of the villages, while the other three species were found as mixtures. The most common mixed population was M. incognita and M. javanica, observed in 70.37% of villages in the region. M. arenaria and M. hapla were not found together in any of the population mixtures. The results indicate that cucumber is severely attacked by root-knot nematodes, warranting adoption of strict control measures for its management. 相似文献
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为了通过对花生抗线虫鉴定方法的比较,确定更加快速有效的抗性鉴定技术,作者于2002～2003年在佐治亚大学的Tifton试验站进行了温室盆栽试验.结果表明侵然期幼虫(2000～4000条/株)与虫卵(8000～16000粒/株)均可以用于花生抗线性鉴定的温室接种,但与使用虫卵接种相比,以侵染期幼虫作为接种体需要多花3～5d的时间收集幼虫;接种后14d,可以依据0～5级的虫瘿分级标准将供试的4份花生种质区分开来;接种后6～10周依据卵块数量或每克根中的虫卵数可以进一步确认花生的抗性水平.虫瘿级数、虫瘿数量、卵块数量及每克根中的卵量之间存在着极显著(P＜0.01)的正相关关系.根据研究结果提出了温室中花生抗线虫鉴定的程序方法以8000粒卵/株为适宜接种量,接种后14d依据0～5级的虫瘿分级标准进行初筛,对初筛入选的材料再在接种后6周根据卵块数量或卵量验证其抗性. 相似文献