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1.
黄土高原土壤养分空间变异的多尺度分析--以横山县为例 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
人类干扰所造成的土地利用和植被的镶嵌化分布及地貌特征等影响着土壤养分的空间分异,黄土丘陵沟壑区土壤退化严重,使得土壤特性对其环境因子的变化更加敏感。以横山县为例,从两种尺度上,利用野外调查,实验室分析和典范对应分析(CCA),得到不同尺度下(小流域尺度和县域尺度)土壤理化性质对环境因子的响应。结果表明,坡度是影响土壤养分的重要影响因子,小流域尺度上,坡度和土壤养分、土壤黏粒含量成正相关;县域尺度上,坡度和主要土壤养分等呈负相关。而海拔高度和坡向对土壤养分的影响仅次于坡度,在不同尺度上也有差异。ANOVA分析表明,土壤有机质、总氮、总磷、速效氮和黏粒百分比在两个尺度上的不同土地利用之间差异显著。地形因子和土壤性质的相关分析表明,土壤性质的差异是地形因子和土地利用等外部因子综合作用的结果,而且其作用表现出较大的尺度差异性。 相似文献
2.
J. Gong L. Chen B. Fu Y. Huang Z. Huang H. Peng 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2006,17(5):453-465
Understanding the effects of land use change on soil properties is important for soil quality improvement and sustainable land use. In this study, six land use types including wasteland (WLD), cropland (CLD), abandoned land (ABD), artificial grassland (AGD), shrubland (SLD) and woodland (WOD) were selected to analyse the effects of land use types on soil nutrient in the Anjiapo catchment in the western part of the Loess Plateau in China. Significant differences were found in soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN) and nitrate nitrogen (NON) (P < 0.01) between the six land use types. Our study also showed that land use types have different effects on soil nutrient storage, and vegetation restoration may improve soil nutrients and soil quality. While crop plantation can significantly decrease soil fertility, the trend can be reversed by cropland abandonment and afforestation. It is recommended that more C input, alternative cultivation practices, vegetation restoration and education and techniques training of local farmers could be used to improve soil conditions and to advance the sustainable land use and local development in the loess hilly area in the Loess Plateau of China. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
3.
辉河湿地河岸带土壤养分与酶活性特征及相关性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以辉河湿地国家自然保护区内核心区为研究区,通过野外采样和室内分析相结合的方法,研究土壤养分和酶活性特征以及二者间的相关性。结果表明,随着距河岸距离的增大以及高程的增加,辉河湿地河岸带土壤理化性质发生明显的梯度变化,土壤全氮、全磷和有机质含量从岸边芦苇带到岸坡草本植物带呈先增大后下降的变化趋势,而土壤含水量呈下降趋势。同时,土壤酶活性(碱性磷酸酶、脲酶)也随着植被群落的陆向演替,呈现出一定的差异和变化规律,整体呈增大趋势,其活性与全氮、全磷、有机质呈极显著正相关(P0.01),与土壤含水量呈极显著负相关(P0.01)。综合分析表明,辉河湿地河岸带土壤酶活性不仅与土壤性质有关,与水文状况、微地形、植被演替也密切相关。 相似文献
4.
Better understanding of how the loess soils respond to topography and land use under catchment‐scale vegetation restoration is needed to enable science‐based land management interventions for the policy‐driven “Grain‐for‐Green” eco‐restoration program in the Loess Plateau of China. The objective of this study was to characterize the relationships of four selected soil quality indicators to land use under vegetation restoration and topography for a small catchment (0·58 km2) in the Loess Plateau. The major land uses established in the catchment are cropland, fallow (i.e., natural revegetation), grassland, and jujube orchard. The four soil quality indicators were soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (STN), soil total phosphorus (STP), and mean root zone soil water content during the wet season (MRZSWwet). SOC, STN, and MRZSWwet were significantly different (p < 0·05) for different land uses. Grassland showed the highest values for these three properties, whereas cropland had relatively low values for SOC and STN. Land use had no effect on STP, although the lowest value was observed in grassland. Spatial analysis showed that various relations between soil quality indicators and topography (slope and elevation) were observed. These relations were generally weak for most of them, and they varied with land uses. Further analyses indicated that land uses, slope, and elevation had significant effects on the relations between different soil quality indicators. The results here should provide useful information for the further development of “Grain‐for‐Green” program. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
5.
Changes in vegetation and soil properties because of agricultural abandonment may affect soil nitrogen (N) and associated processes. We investigated soil N (total N: TN, inorganic N: NH4–N and NO3–N) and denitrification potential in cropland, pine plantations and abandoned agricultural land along a secondary succession sequence (grassland→shrubland→secondary forest) in a headwater catchment in the Qinling Mountains, northwest China. The results show that the soil denitrification potential differed significantly among the five land‐use types with the highest potential in the secondary forest, followed by grassland, shrubland, cropland and plantations. The denitrification potential of the 20‐ to 40‐cm layer was significantly lower compared with the topsoil (0–20 cm) across all land‐use types. TN, soil organic matter (SOM) and NH4–N increased significantly with stand age, whereas there was an opposite trend in soil pH. However, the denitrification potential did not relate to stand age in a linear manner. We conclude that changes in soil TN, SOM and pH during vegetation succession following agricultural abandonment are critical controls on the denitrification potential. 相似文献
6.
亚热带典型农业小流域井水水质季节
变化与空间分布特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
井水是亚热带农业区域农民的饮用水源,其水质状况直接影响到当地农民的身体健康。本文选取亚热带典型农业小流域中井水铵态氮(NH4+-N)、硝态氮(NO3--N)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)为研究对象,采用地统计学方法,分析其季节变化和空间分布特征。结果表明,研究区农户井水中NH4+-N、NO3--N、TN和TP含量在全年4个季节的平均值分别为0.05~0.10 mg(N)·L-1、3.0~4.9 mg(N)·L-1、3.4~5.1 mg(N)·L-1和0.03~0.17 mg(P)·L-1,超标率分别为2.3%、10.4%、9.5%和7.9%。在季节动态变化上,NH4+-N在全年变化不显著(P0.05),这主要与土壤的吸附有关;而NO3--N、TN和TP均在夏季达到最高,春季最低,并且两个季节之间的变化具有显著性(P0.05),这主要与农业施肥活动和降水条件有关。在空间变异性上,NH4+-N、NO3--N、TN和TP含量在各季节的块金值与基台值的比值都为0,并且各变量在各季节的变程各不相同,说明这4个变量在各季节分别在不同尺度范围内表现出较强的空间自相关性。在空间分布上,NH4+-N、NO3--N、TN和TP含量都具有斑块状分布,而斑块的位置、大小和形状各不相同。NO3--N和TN在全年的空间分布与研究区地形和土地利用方式有关,在东南部和西南部地势较低的水稻种植区含量较高,而在北部地势较高的林地含量较低。而NH4+-N和TP的空间变异系数高于NO3--N和TN,这主要是由于NH4+-N易被土壤吸附,而磷素在土壤中易被固定,迁移较困难,导致NH4+-N和TP在不同地方的含量差异比较大。地形、水文气候条件、土壤类型、土地利用方式和农业施肥等是造成亚热带农业区域井水水质季节动态变化和空间分布格局差异的主要因素。 相似文献
7.
Factors determining soil nutrient distribution in a small-scaled watershed in the purple soil region of Sichuan Province, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
H.J. Wang X.Z. Shi D.S. Yu David C. Weindorf B. Huang W.X. Sun Coen J. Ritsema Eleanor Milne 《Soil & Tillage Research》2009,105(2):300-306
Determining soil nutrient distribution is critical to identify sites which are at risk of N and P loading. Equally important are determining factors that influence such distribution (e.g. land use, land management, topography, etc.). In this research, soil nutrient distribution and its influencing factors were studied in a small-scaled watershed in the purple soil region of Sichuan Province, China. The watershed is 1.3 km2 with a complex land management system including agriculture and forestry. Surface soil samples (0–20 cm) from 48 sites within the watershed were collected in the spring of 1999 and analysed for chemical properties. When spatial distribution patterns of soil organic matter and soil nutrients were considered, several patterns were evident. Soil organic matter and total nitrogen coincided with high soil nutrients in the center of the watershed. Total phosphorus was linked to low soil nutrient contents on hilltops, while total potassium was characterized by low variability and high soil nutrient content throughout the watershed. Water-soluble nutrients in soils were highly variable throughout the watershed. Results of this study indicate that land use, topography and other variables play important roles in controlling the spatial distribution of most soil nutrients. However, the relative roles of these indices were nutrient specific. The relationship was therefore complex. Land use, silt, and sand content contributed to a high level of heterogeneity for soil organic matter and total nitrogen with the former being the dominant factor. Land use, particle size distribution (silt and sand) and topographic factors (slope and elevation) contributed to the variability of total phosphorus. However, particle size distribution and topographic factors were the dominant factors affecting total phosphorus. Elevation influenced the concentration of total potassium and land use controlled the concentration of dissolved phosphorous. No significant relationship was found between the studied characteristics and nitrate nitrogen. 相似文献
8.
不同土地利用方式对干热河谷地区土壤可蚀性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以四川宁南县金沙江下游的河谷地带为研究区域,选择相同海拔下7种主要的土地利用方式为研究对象,通过室内测试分析,并运用统计和相关分析等方法,研究不同土地利用方式下的土壤可蚀性变异特征。结果表明：在干热河谷区,天然植被水桐树林破坏改为其它土地利用方式后,土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和碱解氮含量显著降低,速效磷和容重没有显著变化,速效钾有一定程度升高,不同利用方式对其影响作用不同,但总体来说改造为合欢林和撂荒草地对土壤理化属性的影响相对较少。相对于天然水桐林,其它土地利用方式土壤可蚀性明显增加,其大小依次为：花椒地〈撂荒地〈草地〈新银合欢地〈桑地〈甘蔗地。相比较而言,无论是天然林地还是人工经济林地,其土壤可蚀性都处于较低的水平;受人为活动影响强烈的农业用地,其土壤可蚀性水平一般较高。说明该地区农业耕作措施可导致土壤对侵蚀营力分离和搬运作用敏感性增强,抗蚀性能较低,更加容易遭受侵蚀,因此在金沙江干热河谷区,从水土保持角度出发,应该尽可能地减少人为活动对土地的干扰,提高土地抵抗侵蚀的能力。 相似文献
9.
抛荒土地不同处理及利用方式对喀斯特地区土壤微生物的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
土壤微生物特性是土壤养分的储存库,土壤养分也影响土壤微生物活性,了解两者的相互作用机制对土地利用与管理提供理论依据,而喀斯特地区不同土地利用方式相关研究较少。基于喀斯特峰丛洼地火烧、刈割、刈割除根、封育、种植玉米、种植桂牧1号杂交象草6种坡面典型的土地利用方式的动态监测样地建设与调查,该文分析了不同土地利用方式下土壤微生物特性,揭示其与土壤养分相互作用机制。结果表明,不同土地利用方式对土壤养分的影响不同,土壤有机质（soil organic matter,SOM）、全氮（total nitrogen,TN）、全磷（total phosphorus,TP）、碱解氮（available nitrogen,AN）等沿封育、火烧、刈割、刈割除根、种植桂牧1号、种植玉米等土地利用方式的转变而减少;不同土地利用方式土壤微生物生物量各不同,土壤微生物量碳（microbial biomass carbon, MBC）：244.98～1 246.89 mg/kg、土壤微生物量氮（microbial biomass nitrogen,MBN）：35.44～274.69 mg/kg、土壤微生物量磷（microbial biomass phosphorus,MBP）：30.88～64.72 mg/kg,其中,种植玉米土壤微生物生物量均最低,其土壤质量退化现象严重;不同土地利用方式土壤微生物种群数量及组成影响不同,种植玉米和桂牧1号杂交象草细菌占绝对优势,而火烧、刈割、刈割除根及封育均以放线菌占绝对优势,真菌的比例很少;不同土地利用方式土壤微生物特性与土壤养分之间相互作用关系不同：火烧的土壤TP和MBP、全钾（total potassium,TK）与MBC、TN与放线菌作用最强且均呈正相关,刈割的土壤TN与MBC呈正相关,刈割除根的速效磷（available phosphorus,AP）与MBN正相关,封育的pH值与MBC、真菌负相关,种植玉米的TN、TK与MBP负相关,种植桂牧1号杂交象草的pH值与真菌负相关、与放线菌正相关;聚类分析可以将喀斯特峰丛洼地6种土地利用方式划分为4类,其中封育和火烧最好。 相似文献
10.
长江中下游粮食主产区25年来稻田土壤养分演变特征 总被引：13，自引：4，他引：9
【目的】目前我国的水稻产量约占粮食总产量的一半以上,面积占耕地总面积的30%,为了探明我国水稻土土壤养分和肥力的演变特征,科学合理地指导稻田土壤养分管理和施肥,本文对长江中下游水稻主产区20世纪80年代以来国家水稻土长期动态监测数据进行了整理分析。【方法】利用时间趋势分析和中值分析的方法对长江中下游地区稻田土壤养分随时间的变化趋势进行了分析,分别总结了土壤有机质(SOM)、全氮(TN)、碱解氮(AN)、有效磷(AP)和速效钾(AK)的含量以及土壤p H在不同监测时期的演变特征和总体变化趋势;用统计分析得出不同监测时期施肥量的变化情况;运用主成分分析的方法对上述6大肥力指标对该区土壤综合肥力属性的年代变化趋势所产生的作用和影响进行了分析,得出不同监测时期土壤肥力主要贡献因子和限制性因子的变异情况。【结果】1)我国长江中下游地区稻田土壤有机质、全氮和碱解氮含量与监测初期相比均略有升高,其中有机质含量从监测中期到监测后期上升趋势明显(P0.05),碱解氮从监测初期到中期也呈显著性增加趋势(P0.05);2)监测25年来,土壤有效磷含量从12.4 mg/kg增加到12.9 mg/kg,土壤速效钾含量总体上呈稳中有升的变化趋势,与监测初期相比,监测中期和监测后期的速效钾含量分别增加了13.9 mg/kg和17.9 mg/kg;3)土壤p H值总体呈缓慢降低的趋势,下降了0.37个单位,表明在当前的施肥和田间管理措施下我国水稻土存在一定的酸化趋势;4)土壤全氮、碱解氮与有机质含量变化存在显著的正相关关系(P0.01),且变化趋势基本一致;5)与监测初期相比,20 25年后水稻土土壤肥力主要贡献因子由全氮、碱解氮和有机质转变为全氮、碱解氮和速效钾,主要限制因素从有效磷和速效钾含量的缺乏转向p H值的逐渐降低。【结论】在农民习惯的耕作施肥管理条件下,该地区稻田土壤养分含量基本呈上升趋势,说明土壤肥力总体上得到了改善;但土壤p H在一定程度上已显现出对土壤肥力的限制性作用,所导致的酸化趋势需要关注。另外,从农田养分平衡管理的角度看,土壤速效钾和有效磷仍然是该区稻田持续生产和农业持续发展的重要影响因素,在施肥过程中对钾与磷的投入仍需加强,而氮肥施用量需要合理控制。 相似文献
11.
Qingfeng Meng Jingsong Yang Rongjiang Yao Guangming Liu 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2013,13(4):664-676
Purpose
The impacts of different land use practices on soil quality were assessed by measuring soil attributes and using factor analysis in coastal tidal lands. The study provided relevant references for coastal exploitation, land management and related researches in other countries and regions.Materials and methods
Measured soil attributes include physical indicators [bulk density (ρ b), total porosity (? t) and water-holding capacity (WHC)], chemical indicators [pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total nitrogen (TN), soil organic matter (SOM), available N, available P and available K] and biological indicators (urease activity, catalase activity and phosphatase activity), and 60 soil samples were collected within five land use types [(1) intertidal soils, (2) reclaimed tidal flat soils, (3) farmland soils, (4) suburban vegetable soils, (5) industrial area soils) in Jianggang village of Dongtai county, Jiangsu province of China.Results and discussion
The results from the investigation indicated that selected soil properties reduced to three factors for 0–20-cm soil depth; “Soil fertility status” (factor 1), “Soil physical status” (factor 2) and “Soil salinity status” (factor 3). For the first factor, the measured soil attributes with higher loadings were TN and SOM, which represented soil fertility feature, and for the second and third factors, the measured soil attributes with higher loadings were ρ b and available K as well as EC, which reflected soil physical properties and soil salinity feature, respectively.Conclusions
Changes in different land use types due to plants (corn, wheat and green vegetable) and application of fertilizers were characterized by promoted soil quality, including improvements in chemical properties (increasing SOM concentration, TN and nutrient available to plants; decreasing EC), improvements in soil physical properties (decreasing ρ b; increasing ? t and WHC) and enhancements in soil enzyme activities. Judging from the soil quality indices, the soil quality was affected by different land use practices and decreased in sequence of suburban vegetable soils, farmland soils, industrial area soils, reclaimed tidal flat soils and intertidal soils in the study area. 相似文献12.
砒砂岩区小流域土壤有机质的空间分布及其环境影响因素研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
砒砂岩区是黄河中游粗泥沙集中来源区之一。研究砒砂岩区小流域土壤有机质特征及其与环境因子的关系，对于科学指导植被建设，减少入黄泥沙有重要意义。本文以砒砂岩区典型小流域为研究对象，于流域内布设150个样点，按照0~20cm、20~40cm、40~60cm划分土层深度采集土壤样品，运用通径分析和冗余分析方法进行分析，研究结果表明：砒砂岩区小流域不同土地利用方式土壤有机质呈乔木林>灌木林>天然草地>耕地>裸地趋势，不同地形土壤有机质呈沟底>坡面>山脊的规律；冗余分析的结果显示，复合地形指数、土地利用方式、坡位以及土层厚度对砒砂岩区土壤有机质空间变异规律的解释量最大；通径分析的结果显示，环境因子与土壤有机质的关系可以用多元线性方程"Y=1.054+0.099" "X" _"1" "+2.722" "X" _"2" "+0.776" "X" _"3" "-0.001" "X" _"4" 来表示，其中坡位和土地利用方式是影响砒砂岩区小流域土壤有机质空间变异的主导因素，土层厚度与土壤有机质垂向变异的密切相关。 相似文献
13.
在桂西北典型环境移民迁入区,分析了5种土地利用方式表层(0-20 cm)土壤有机质(SOM)、全量养分和速效养分的变化特征.结果表明,根据变异系数(Cv)大小,除速效磷(AP)为强变异外Cv＞1.0),其余土壤养分都为中等变异(0.1＜Cv＜1.0).整体而言,移民迁入区SOM、全氮(TN)含量处于较高水平,速效氮(AN)、速效磷(AP)含量处于中等水平,全磷(TP)、速效钾(AK)处于偏低水平,而全钾(TK)处于低水平.土地利用方式是影响土壤养分的主要因素.灌丛和荒草地的SOM,TN,AN处于较高水平,果园和旱地则处于中等水平;次生林SOM处于较高水平,TN处于中等水平,而AN处于偏低水平.除旱地和果园AP含量处于中等水平外,不同利用方式土壤的TP,TK,AP,AK含量处于低或偏低水平.由于采取了较好的水土保持措施,移民后较大规模的土地利用变化没有导致明显的土壤退化,但需要增加磷钾肥的施用量. 相似文献
14.
汉江小流域土壤氮素空间分布特征及影响因素 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
氮素是土壤中不可或缺的营养元素之一,对植物生长具有至关重要的作用。利用网格采样法(30m×30m)和典型样地取样法在汉江余姐河小流域进行土样采集,每个样点分为3层A1(0—20cm),A2(20—40cm),A3(40—60cm),分别测定其土壤全氮、土壤铵态氮和土壤硝态氮含量。研究了土壤氮素的空间异质性、氮素的组成比例以及不同土地利用类型下土壤全氮、铵态氮和硝态氮与环境因子间的相关关系,并且分析了不同形态氮素间的相互关系。结果表明:土壤氮素的空间变异性为土壤硝态氮土壤铵态氮土壤全氮;土壤全氮与硝态氮在A1土层为强空间相关性,在A2,A3层为中等程度的空间相关性,土壤铵态氮在各土层均表现为中等空间相关性;农地、林地、草地对全氮储量的贡献依次增大;相较于林地草地,农地对铵态氮储量的贡献最大;而草地对硝态氮储量的贡献在三种土地利用中最大;不同土地利用类型中,农地的氮素空间分布主要与土壤粒径具有相关性,而与地形因子(坡度、坡向等)相关性较小;林地的氮素空间分布主要与地形因子相关性较高,草地介于两者之间;在流域内增加草地林地面积,在流域出口处布设林草地等措施可以减少流域土壤氮素的流失。 相似文献
15.
Smia Paiva de Oliveira Nilda Braga de Lacerda Susana Churka Blum Maria Eugenia Ortiz Escobar Tegenes Senna de Oliveira 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2015,26(1):9-21
The productivity of agricultural areas in semi‐arid regions can be improved through the use of irrigation. However, the intensive cropping of such soils can have detrimental effects, especially with regard to soil organic matter (SOM) pools. The goal of this work was to evaluate soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks of different irrigated agricultural systems and compare these to preserved natural ecosystems adjacent to each of the cropping systems. We selected four cropping systems: banana, a maize/bean succession (MB), pasture (P) and guava (G), as well as areas covered by native vegetation. Stocks of total soil organic carbon (TOC), amounts of unprotected and protected soil organic carbon, carbon and nitrogen in microbial biomass and microbial respiration were quantified. Surface soil TOC stocks under banana, G and P grass were significantly greater than under native vegetation and MB system. The most intensive management system was the MB, and the least intensive systems were P and G. The least intensive cropping systems were grouped on the basis of similarities in TOC, POC, total soil nitrogen and N in microbial biomass stocks. These results show that the degree of soil degradation resulting from changes in land use systems increases with the intensity of the land use systems themselves. This confirms the established hypothesis that the extent of degradation of soil properties and changes in some SOM fractions depend on the intensity of soil use. Furthermore, the adoption of conservation practices may remediate soil degradation and increase SOM stocks, mainly at the soil's surface. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
晋西黄土丘陵区不同土地利用类型对土壤碳氮储量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对比晋西黄土区蔡家川流域人工刺槐林地、人工油松林地、退耕荒草地和农地土壤有机碳和总氮含量的差异性,探讨了土地利用变化对该流域土壤碳氮储量的影响。结果表明:（1）4种土地利用类型下,土壤有机碳和总氮均表现出表聚效应,且荒草地垂向降幅最大,各样地土壤有机碳和总氮均呈极显著线性正相关;（2）油松林地0—48 cm土层有机碳含量高于其他样地,刺槐林地0—48 cm土层总氮含量显著高于其他样地,而4种土地利用类型在48—96 cm土层和96—160 cm土层中有机碳和总氮含量差异不显著;（3）从蔡家川流域退耕土壤固碳和固氮效应整体而言,退耕林地具有显著的土壤碳氮固存效应,随着人工林地面积占比的增加,流域土壤总有机碳和总氮储量相应增加。 相似文献
17.
火干扰是影响森林土壤生态系统结构与功能的重要因素之一。探讨火干扰后森林土壤理化性质的动态特征,为火后植被恢复以及森林可持续经营提供重要的理论指导。2014—2016年在湖南省株洲市枫香次生林内设置16块20 m×20 m样地进行试验,研究4种火干扰强度(对照、低强度、中强度、高强度火烧)后不同时间节点(火烧后3,30,180,360,720天)的枫香次生林的土壤容重(BD)、土壤斥水性(SWR)、有机质(SOM)、pH、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)和全钾(TK)等指标。通过描述性统计、单因素方差分析和Fisher LSD检验研究了土壤性质在同一时间节点不同火干扰强度之间以及同一火干扰强度下不同时间节点间的显著性差异(p0.05)。结果表明:火干扰后各时间节点下,BD、SWR、pH、TK均随火强度增大而增加,而SOM和TP随火强度增大而降低,不同火干扰间TN均不存在显著性差异。同一时间节点内火干扰土壤与对照相比,低强度火干扰对BD、SWR、pH和SOM的影响不显著,中强度火对部分时间节点下的土壤理化性质有影响,而高强度火对其影响均比较显著。同一强度火干扰后,BD、SWR、pH在不同时间节点间存在显著性差异,BD、SWR、pH在火烧后3天显著增大,然后逐渐减少;BD在火后360天恢复到火烧前状态,而SWR、pH则需720天。SOM仅在高强度火烧后360,720天与其他时间节点间存在显著性差异;火干扰后,SOM与火烧前相比先减少,后逐渐上升,火后360天逐渐恢复到火烧前的水平并维持稳定。中、高强度火干扰后,时间节点跨度越大,TK的差异越显著,而TN和TP仅在高强度火烧后差异显著。研究发现火干扰强度和时间节点对7种土壤性质均有一定影响,其中高强度火干扰对土壤理化性质影响最大。火干扰后短期内引起地力衰退,影响林地土壤养分状况,对土壤生态系统产生重要影响,但随着时间推移,2年后土壤理化性质基本恢复到火烧前的水平。 相似文献
18.
黑土区县域土壤养分空间分布特征及其影响因子 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
19.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(15-16):2389-2412
The current study addressed the spatial variation of soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), extractable phosphorus (EP), and extractable potassium (EK) in agricultural soils of a representative region, northeast China. Soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the effects of landscape attributes and land use were also investigated. The techniques used included conventional statistics, geostatistics, and geographic information systems (GIS). Our study demonstrated that EP had the greatest coefficient of variation (CV), and CEC had the least CV. The experimental semivariograms of the five soil chemical properties included in this study were all fitted with exponential models. The five soil variables all showed moderate spatial dependence. The SOM, EK, and CEC decreased with increasing altitude. Significant negative relationships were found between the slope gradient and EP, EK, and CEC. Relatively steeper slopes might result in greater soil erosion, which leads to a decline in soil nutrients. Soil types had significant impacts on all soil chemical properties, which reflect the effect of the parent soil material. In general, the mean values of soil variables for vegetable land were statistically greater than those for upland and paddy fields. After being divided into two parts along the Yinma River, soil samples of the western part have statistically greater SOM, EP, EK, and CEC values than those collected from the eastern part. 相似文献
20.
The content of soil organic matter (SOM) can be considered as an important factor for evaluating soil fertility, crop yields, and environmental effects. Sensitive measurements for the assessment of quantitative changes in SOM shortly after the conversion of the management practice would be helpful to understand the SOM‐transformation cycle in more detail. Changes in SOM are reflected in modifications of total organic‐carbon (TOC) and total organic‐nitrogen (TON) contents. They are initially detectable in the readily decomposable fraction. We used hot water–extractable carbon (HWC) and nitrogen (HWN) as measurement of labile pools of SOM and aimed to quantify changes in contents of these C and N fractions in a sandy soil already few years after changing management strategy. In this context, we examined the impact of the conversion of a succession fallow (F) to organic (O) and intensive (I) agriculture on TOC, total N (TN), HWC, and HWN. The conversion of succession fallow to cultivated land resulted in a significant decrease of TOC, TN, and HWC at 0–10 cm soil depth. On average, TOC decreased approx. 0.70 g C kg–1 (approx. 9% of initial TOC), TN decreased approx. 0.13 g N kg–1 (approx. 17% of initial TN), and HWC decreased approx. 0.05 g C kg–1 (approx. 12% of initial HWC) within 3 years. Relatively rapid changes in TOC and TN contents indicated comparatively high proportions of decomposable C and N. These were reflected in comparable high HWC (ranging from 0.37 to 0.59 g C kg–1 at 0–30 cm soil depth) and HWN (ranging from 0.04 to 0.10 g N kg–1 at 0–30 cm) contents. These high contents as well as the high HWC : TOC and organic hot water–extractable N (HWNorg) : TN ratios (both between 5% and 7%) implied that the soil investigated has a high ability to provide short‐term available organic C and N compounds. Long‐lasting applications of high quantities of organic fertilizer in the past and high quantities of rhizodepositions were assumed as reasons for the high capability of soil to provide short‐term to medium‐term available C and N. Changes in the HWN content due to the fertilization or crop rotation were mainly based on changes in its inorganic part. This ranged between 10% and 30% of HWN. By discriminant function analysis, it could be shown that the HWN represents a suitably sensitive measurement for the determination of management‐specific impacts in terms of the N, but also of the C cycle. In combination with other C and particularly with other N parameters, the HWN allowed a statistically significant separation of comparable sites varying in management practice already 2 years after the conversion of the management system. 相似文献