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云南水浇地宿根甘蔗高产高效综合栽培技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从新植甘蔗栽培、收砍质量、宿根管理、蔗地营养等方面综合分析了云南蔗区宿根蔗低产低效的主要问题。结合生产实际，因地制宜提出了实行快锄低砍，保护蔗蔸；蔗叶还田保持蔗地营养；地膜覆盖，保证土壤温度的“三保技术”和宿根蔗田间管理上及早开垄松蔸，早施肥管理，早防治病虫草害的“三早”栽培技术 相似文献
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通过分析我国制糖企业甘蔗原料管理工作中存在的问题,阐述了甘蔗高效管理集成系统设计的基本思路,论述了在GIS技术支持下,借助Internet技术,电信业务平台采用ISP,Visual Basic6.0技术进行甘蔗高效管理集成系统的设计.系统从遥感产品制作与蔗区档案建立、甘蔗生产管理、成熟优化、砍运调度、过磅结算、农贷管理、短信服务、网站建设等8个方面对甘蔗原料管理的功能进行了设计,对制糖企业甘蔗原料管理各阶段的单项技术进行了集成,形成了集甘蔗原料多项管理功能为一体对甘蔗进行全流程综合、全面、高效管理的计算机集成系统,为制糖企业、科技人员、蔗农和政府管理部门提供了一个高效的甘蔗原料管理集成方案. 相似文献
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广东省的自然资源条件很适合甘蔗生产。但旱地蔗区的旱、瘦、浅是低产的主要原因。在过去的十几年中，通过对旱地甘蔗“三高”栽培技术的应用试验研究，把单项技术进行组合配套和改进提高，并通过大型的推广项目进行推广，取得了增产增收的效果，社会经济显著。主要技术措施：一是选用适合旱地蔗区的高产高糖、抗逆性强的优良品种；二是把常规栽培改为地膜蔗技术；三是改进施肥方法，实行配方施肥；四是改进耕作方式，推广防旱保水技术；五是推广秋冬植蔗，延长甘蔗生长期；六是改宿根蔗这管为宿根蔗旱管；七是及时防治病虫鼠草害，确保增产增收。 相似文献
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甘蔗砍运榨调度及过磅结算付款管理是一项十分复杂的系统工程,涉及的面和因素复杂。崇左糖厂根据生产实际,通过周密的调查分析,掌握大量可靠的动态信息资料,依据数理统计原理,采用科学的优化计算方法,应用Unix/Xenix多用户操作系统和TCD/IP网络协议,创造性地开发了《甘蔗糖厂原料蔗砍运榨调度全过程计算机网络管理系统》,并成功地使之运行了两个榨季,获得了 相似文献
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本文以研究区当家甘蔗品种台糖22(ROC22)、柳城5136(LC5136)、粤糖236(YT236)为材料,设5个不同氮肥施用量,研究施氮量对不同品种甘蔗生长及氮肥利用的影响。结果表明:(1)施氮量增加,3种甘蔗的茎重和产量先增加后无显著变化。ROC22和LC5136在施氮量为351.9 kg/hm2时较为适宜,而YT236在234.6 kg/hm2时较适宜;ROC22的产量最高,分别比LC5136和YT236增产8.6%和40%。(2)随施氮量的提高,LC5136和YT236的产糖量呈先增加后无明显变化的趋势。ROC22的产糖量在施氮量为351.9kg/hm2时显著大于无氮处理的,但不同施肥量处理间无显著差异;ROC22的平均产糖量分别比LC5136和YT236高20%和57%。(3)随着施氮量的增加,ROC22和YT236的氮肥利用率呈递减趋势,施氮量为117.3kg/hm2时利用率最高。而LC5136的肥料利用率呈递增趋势,施氮量为469.2 kg/hm2时利用率最高;ROC22的氮肥利用率比LC5136和YT236的均高出10个百分点。综合考虑甘蔗产量、产糖量、氮肥利用率的情况,氮肥用量为351.9kg/hm2时,对ROC22和LC5136较适宜,而在234.6kg/hm2时,对YT236较适宜。在研究区种植甘蔗ROC22明显优于LC5136和YT236。 相似文献
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Takeo Sakaigaichi Yoshifumi Terajima Makoto Matsuoka Takayoshi Terauchi Taiichiro Hattori Shoko Ishikawa 《Plant Production Science》2016,19(2):323-329
Modern sugarcane cultivars are derived from the interspecific crossing between Saccharum officinarum and wild sugarcane, Saccharum spontaneum. The introgression of valuable characteristics from wild sugarcane is recognized as extremely important, but this process typically requires long-term effort over multiple generations of backcrosses owing to the low sugar content of the initial interspecific hybrids. In this study, we aimed to identify Japanese wild sugarcanes with high juice brix in order to promote effective interspecific crossing of sugarcane. Sixty-four accessions from the Nansei Islands and 70 accessions from the Honshu were evaluated for juice brix. Wild sugarcanes with high juice brix were demonstrated to exist among wild sugarcanes indigenous to the Honshu. A significant difference was observed between the median juice brix values of wild sugarcanes of the Nansei Islands and those of the Honshu. The relationship between juice brix and stem traits was then examined in 20 wild sugarcanes, 10 each from the Nansei Islands and the Honshu. The reproducibility of juice brix value in both experiments was confirmed. In contrast to juice brix, stem traits, such as length, diameter, and volume, were typically smaller in wild sugarcanes from the Honshu. Moreover, a negative correlation was observed between the index of stem volume and juice brix. In this study, we identified outstanding wild sugarcanes with high juice brix. Using germplasms from the identified wild sugarcanes in interspecific crossing could contribute to the increases in both yield and sugar content. 相似文献
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解析甘蔗间作不同豆科作物对甘蔗植株内生细菌多样性的影响,旨在评价甘蔗间作不同豆科作物对甘蔗植株健康状况及抗性的作用效果。结果发现,与单作的甘蔗（CK）相比,甘蔗间作黄豆显著提高甘蔗内生细菌的多样性和丰富度;间作绿豆虽然有助于提升甘蔗植株内生细菌多样性与丰富度,但与CK之间无显著差异;间作花生导致甘蔗植株内生细菌多样性与丰富度显著降低。门分类水平,与CK相比,间作处理甘蔗植株中变形杆菌门（Proteobacteria）内生细菌丰度占比急剧下降,放线菌门（Actinobacteria）以及属于其他（others）分类的内生细菌丰度占比上升;属分类水平,与CK相比,间作处理甘蔗植株中泛菌属（Pantoea）和Burkholderia-Paraburkholderia属丰度占比下降,红球菌属（Rhodococcus）内生细菌丰度占比上升;另一方面,unclassified_f__Micrococcaceae和Pseudarthrobacter是间作甘蔗植株中特有的内生细菌优势属,但同时草螺菌属（Herbaspirillum）和Williamsia属内生细菌缺失。此外,Rubrobacter、norank_f__MSB-1E8、类诺卡氏菌属（Nocardioides）、norank_c__Actinobacteria、norank_f__Euzebyaceae、Gaiella、Defluviicoccus、norank_f__Elev-16S-1332、norank_o__Acidimicrobiales、norank_f__Propionibacteriaceae、norank_o__Gaiellales、norank_f__Gemmatimonadaceae是甘蔗/黄豆间作（A）处理中甘蔗植株特有的内生细菌优势属;链霉菌属（Streptomyces）、马赛菌属（Massilia）、分枝杆菌属（Mycobacterium）、甲基杆菌属（Methylobacterium）、Sinomonas、罗思河小杆菌属（Rhodanobacter）、金黄色杆菌属（Chryseobacterium）、根霉菌属（Rhizomicrobium）是甘蔗/绿豆间作（B）处理中甘蔗特有的内生细菌优势属。甘蔗/花生间作模式下,甘蔗植株根系中不存在特有的内生细菌优势属;而草螺菌属（Herbaspirillum）和Williamsia是甘蔗单作模式下甘蔗植株根系中特有的内生细菌优势属。甘蔗间作黄豆和绿豆不仅有助于提升甘蔗植株根系内生细菌的多样性与丰富度,而且改善了甘蔗植株根系内生细菌群落结构组成,尤其间作黄豆效果更佳;与之相反,甘蔗间作花生无助于提高甘蔗植株根系内生细菌的多样性与丰富度,亦不利于改善甘蔗植株根系内生细菌群落结构组成。 相似文献
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探讨45%硫酸钾型复合肥对川蔗26号性状的影响。采用不同施用量的该复合肥对川蔗26号施肥一年,评价其农艺性状,并测定甘蔗的产量与蔗糖分。根据甘蔗农艺性状的表现,该复合肥最优的施肥量为133.3 kg/667m2,其次为100.0 kg/667m2,而施肥量为66.6 kg/667m2和33.3 kg/667m2则表现一般。分析甘蔗产量发现,该复合肥能显著提高产量,在最优施肥量下产量提高了34.6%;而且,各施肥处理的蔗糖分均低于未施肥的对照处理。45%硫酸钾型复合肥能明显改善川蔗26号性状。 相似文献
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Takeo Sakaigaichi Yoshifumi Terajima Makoto Matsuoka Shin Irei Seiji Fukuhara Takayuki Mitsunaga 《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):327-332
ABSTRACT Sugarcane smut, caused by Sporisorium scitamineum, is one of the most important sugarcane diseases in Japan. Wild sugarcane, Saccharum spontaneum, is known to be a key breeding material to obtain high-yielding clones. In this study, we sought to identify Japanese wild sugarcane accessions with high resistance to smut. Thirty wild sugarcanes and three sugarcane cultivars were tested by the pinprick method. The results of the inoculation tests aided in identifying wild sugarcanes with high resistance to smut disease, namely JW90, Iriomote8, and Iriomote15. After screening the germplasm, progeny distribution of smut resistance from the inoculation test and dry matter productivity in the smut disease-free field were compared. The highly resistant wild sugarcane accession had a much better impact on progeny distribution of smut resistance compared with the susceptible accession. No relationship was found between smut resistance and dry matter productivity in both populations. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1-2):395-413
Abstract More than one-third of the sugar (sucrose) consumed by humans is obtained from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Sucrose extraction begins with the production of a dark opaque juice from strips of sugar beet. This juice is purified with lime and carbon dioxide, thickened by evaporation, and crystallized under a vacuum. Soluble nonsucrose constituents of sugar beet, referred to collectively as impurities, impede sucrose crystallization in normal factory processes. Sucrose concentration and the ratio of sucrose to total soluble solids (sucrose plus impurities) determine processing quality of sugar beet. Among the more important impurity components are sodium, potassium, and amino-nitrogen. Sucrose and impurity concentrations can be altered in breeding programs. However, a negative association between root yield and sucrose concentration and interactions among impurity components and between impurity components and yield or sucrose concentration have complicated breeding efforts. Also, almost any cultural practice may affect the quality of the crop. Nitrogen fertilizer management is a challenge wherever sugar beet is grown. Producers' returns can be increased with proper nitrogen application but even moderate over-fertilization may result in a costly reduction in crop quality. Both producers and processors operate on small profit margins. In this economic environment, producing a high quality crop is a necessity. 相似文献
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《Field Crops Research》1998,57(2):153-162
Cane and sugar yields within a sugar mill region can vary with geographical location, harvest date, harvest age, variety and crop class. It is not possible, due to limited mill capacity, to harvest all cane when maximum yields are attained. Given a prolonged harvest season, an important question is how the harvest of individual paddocks of cane should be scheduled so as to maximise net revenue for the entire mill region. This paper presents the application of an optimisation model to the Mossman mill region with the objectives of maximising sugar yield and net revenue in relation to harvest date and crop age. Six years of block productivity data classified according to district, crop class, variety, harvest date, harvest age, cane yield and sugar yield, were used to generate the input parameters for the model. Other inputs were sugar price, growing and milling costs, and transport and crushing capacity. With current crushing capacity and harvest season lengths, an application of the model to maximise sugar yield showed a 4% increase in sugar yield compared to current practice, but a 23% decrease in net revenue due to a shorter crop cycle with less ratoons before replanting. Optimising with respect to net revenue, gave a 3% gain in sugar yield with an 8% gain in net revenue. When crushing capacity was allowed to increase for current season lengths, the model showed a 14% gain in net revenue given fixed milling costs. It is concluded that there is scope for optimising harvest date to improve profitability in this mill region given current harvest season lengths and land area. 相似文献
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甘蔗褐条病病原菌分离鉴定及其室内毒力的测定 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
针对海南省不同植蔗区甘蔗褐条病的典型病斑进行分离培养、单孢纯化、形态学观察、致病性检测以及结合r DNA-ITS序列分析鉴定病原菌。分离到的5株病原菌,经回接实验表明,病原菌HT-4致病性最强,能引起与田间病害一致的症状,将菌株HT-4的r DNA-ITS序列在NCBI上进行BLAST比对。结果表明:菌株HT-4与离蠕孢属(Bipolaris)相似性达到99%,结合形态学分析确定该菌是甘蔗褐条病的病原菌。室内毒力实验表明:在7种供试药剂中,50%咪鲜胺锰盐和10%苯醚甲环唑对病原菌抑制效果最好,EC50值分别为4.400 6 mg/L和9.421 1 mg/L。结果为甘蔗褐条病的防控提供科学参考。 相似文献