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1.
壳聚糖涂膜保鲜处理对李子贮藏品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以李子为试验材料,用不同浓度的壳聚糖涂膜保鲜处理,研究李子贮藏品质的变化。结果表明:壳聚糖与吐温20为李子涂膜保鲜的涂膜材料和涂膜助剂。李子涂膜液中壳聚糖的最佳浓度为1.5%,丁香的最佳浓度为0.55%和吐温20浓度为0.05%,此条件下李子贮藏16d后硬度与可溶性固形物含量变化最小,且无微生物侵染。 相似文献
2.
为了研究不同支链长度的3种环丙烯类乙烯作用抑制剂对寒富苹果冷藏后乙烯生物合成及果实衰老的影响,分别采用0.75 μL/L的1-MCP（1-甲基环丙烯）、2 μL/L的1 PentCP（1-戊基环丙烯）和0.5 μL/L的1-OCP（1-辛基环丙烯）在常温（20±1）℃条件下,以不处理为对照,采用熏蒸处理寒富苹果20 h,然后装入0.02 mm厚度保鲜袋于低温（0±0.5）℃下贮藏。结果表明：与对照相比,1-MCP及其结构相似物处理均不同程度抑制了苹果冷藏期间的呼吸强度和乙烯释放量,推迟了呼吸峰和乙烯释放峰值出现的时间大约30 d;虽然1-MCP及其结构相似物处理在贮藏前期均促进了寒富苹果果实中ACS酶活性,导致处理果实在整个冷藏过程中ACC含量高于对照果实,但由于较好地抑制了ACO酶的活性,从而抑制了寒富苹果冷藏中乙烯的释放量;此外,3个处理还延缓了果实中MDA含量和细胞膜透性增大的速率。因此,1-MCP及其结构相似物处理能延缓冷藏中寒富苹果果实的成熟衰老进程,但1-MCP及其结构相似物处理间无显著差异。 相似文献
3.
100Hz～3.98MHz下苹果虎皮病果实电特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究富士苹果虎皮病病果电特性的变化规律,探讨利用电特性参数的变化来反映苹果内部的物理化学变化,运用LCR型电子测量仪测定了100 Hz～3.98 MHz频率、(20±1)℃恒温条件下贮藏1、8、15、22和29 d的虎皮病果实复阻抗、电抗、电导、电容和介质损耗系数等电学参数.结果显示:在同一贮藏时间下,随着频率的增加,果实的复阻抗、电抗值在减小,电导值则在增加;而电容和果实的介质损耗系数变化则没有规律性.统计分析显示,感病果实和正常果实电容值存在极显著差异(P<0.01).结果表明:电容值基本可以正确反映苹果的实际品质情况. 相似文献
4.
针对鲜食梨枣成熟后贮藏期短,商品性会随贮藏期延长而降低等问题,以太谷梨枣为试材,采用低聚壳聚糖-电生功能水溶液、电生功能水溶液和低聚壳聚糖水溶液3种处理方式进行涂膜保鲜研究。通过对梨枣的呼吸强度、硬度、咀嚼性、失重率、细胞膜透性,以及可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、维生素C含量、黄酮含量、丙二醛含量和过氧化氢酶活性的测试,探究3种处理对梨枣品质及相关酶活性的影响。结果表明,在贮藏50 d后,与对照组相比,低聚壳聚糖-电生功能水溶液失重率降低40.5%,可溶性固形物含量高7%、过氧化氢酶峰值高87.95%。3种处理均可不同程度地降低果实失重率,保持较高的果实硬度和可溶性固形物含量,明显推迟呼吸高峰的到来并抑制丙二醛积累,活性细胞膜透性更低。同时抑制可滴定酸含量、维生素C含量、黄酮含量和过氧化氢酶活性的下降,差异显著（P<0.05）,其中低聚壳聚糖-电生功能水溶液处理对保持果实贮藏品质、延缓果实衰老及延长货架期最有利。 相似文献
5.
100 Hz～3.98 MHz下苹果虎皮病果实电特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究富士苹果虎皮病病果电特性的变化规律,探讨利用电特性参数的变化来反映苹果内部的物理化学变化,运用LCR型电子测量仪测定了100Hz～3.98MHz频率、（20±1）℃恒温条件下贮藏1、8、15、22和29d的虎皮病果实复阻抗、电抗、电导、电容和介质损耗系数等电学参数。结果显示：在同一贮藏时间下,随着频率的增加,果实的复阻抗、电抗值在减小,电导值则在增加;而电容和果实的介质损耗系数变化则没有规律性。统计分析显示,感病果实和正常果实电容值村在极显著差异（P＜0.01)。结果表明：电容值基本可以正确反映苹果的实际品质情况。 相似文献
6.
针对鲜食梨枣成熟后贮藏期短，商品性会随贮藏期延长而降低等问题，试验以太谷梨枣为试材，采用低聚壳聚糖-电生功能水溶液、电生功能水溶液、低聚壳聚糖水溶液三种处理方式进行涂膜保鲜。通过对梨枣的呼吸强度、硬度、咀嚼性、失重率、细胞膜透性和可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、维生素C含量、黄酮含量、丙二醛含量和过氧化氢酶活性的测试，以期探究三种处理对梨枣品质及相关酶活性的影响结果表明：在贮藏50天后，与对照组相比，低聚壳聚糖-电生功能水溶液失重率降低40.5%，可溶性固形物含量高出7%、过氧化氢酶峰值高出87.95%。三种处理均可不同程度地降低果实失重率，保持较高的果实硬度和可溶性固形物含量，明显推迟呼吸高峰的到来并抑制丙二醛积累，活性细胞膜透性更低；同时抑制可滴定酸含量、维生素C含量、黄酮含量和过氧化氢酶活性的下降，差异显著（p＜0.05），其中低聚壳聚糖-电生功能水溶液处理对保持果实贮藏品质、延缓果实衰老、延长货架期最有利。 相似文献
7.
用茶多酚和壳聚糖制备复合涂膜保鲜剂,并以草莓味样品进行保鲜效果研究。结果表明:经复合涂膜保鲜剂处理过的样品较好地延长了保鲜期,其感官指标、主要理化指标均明显优于空白对照组。茶多酚/壳聚糖复合涂膜保鲜剂具有良好的开发价值和应用前景。 相似文献
8.
近年来,壳聚糖作为一种新型无毒无害的天然食品保鲜剂,被广泛应用在食品工业领域。该文主要介绍了壳聚糖的基本特征和性质、保鲜食品的作用机理以及壳聚糖单一涂膜和复合涂膜在食品保鲜中的应用。 相似文献
9.
水果分级保鲜处理成套设备简介●李湘萍由山西省农机化所研制的６ＧＸ－１５型水果分级保鲜处理成套设备，适用于乡村果园、果品经销单位，对苹果、柑桔等水果进行分级、涂膜保鲜处理，以有效地提高水果等级和货架期。该成套设备的主要技术性能指标达到了国内同类产品的... 相似文献
10.
利用发动机排气温度环境和气相色谱-氦离子化检测器(PDHID)快速检测方法,在醇类燃料流反应器中研究了流速和氧浓度对乙醇氧化生成乙醛、甲醛排放的影响。研究结果表明:温度为733~933 K时乙醇质量浓度随流速增加而增加,乙醇氧化需要有氧环境,富氧环境有利于乙醇氧化。温度低于833 K时延长乙醇氧化反应时间会导致乙醛、甲醛排放量增加,温度高于833 K时延长乙醇氧化反应时间有利于降低乙醛、甲醛排放量,温度高于933 K时流速对乙醛的生成和氧化影响较小。无氧环境下乙醛、甲醛的生成和氧化反应受到抑制,低于临界温度时富氧环境促进乙醛、甲醛生成,高于临界温度时富氧环境有利于乙醛氧化。 相似文献
11.
Adoption of a new technology, such as irrigation, is a complex phenomenon. Several factors of economic and social nature contribute to the farm-level decisions affecting adoption. In this study, the role played by attitudes of potential adopters towards irrigation and its subsequent adoption on their farm unit was estimated. Two models were estimated, one incorporating only adopters' socio-economic characteristics, and the other, only their attitudes towards irrigation. Results suggest that adopters' attitude, particularly with respect to economic and environmental effects of irrigation, were significant determinants of their decision to proceed with adoption of irrigation, and have a role to play in adoption of irrigation over and above that explained by socio-economic characteristics. In particular, these results suggest that negative perceptions with respect to economics of irrigation and those related to its detrimental impacts on environmental quality, particularly through soil salinity, may be significant deterrents for adoption of irrigation. The study suggests that planning of large scale water development projects, particularly those involving irrigation, must be cognizant of attitudes of potential adopters. Furthermore, during the planning stages, more attention should be paid to the development of proper educational programs, as well as extension packages, to ensure that potential adopters formulate correct attitudes towards the new technology. 相似文献
12.
数学作为一门基础性学科，在学生的各个学习阶段都起到了不可替代的作用，在工科院校中数学教学的重要性更是升到了一个新的高度。通过数学的学习，可以培养学生的应用能力和探究思维，通过对数学知识的学习和灵活运用，学生的综合能力会得到系统性的提高。对于数学的教学工作，应当做到有针对性、有目标，在教学工作中，充分做到对症下药、有的放矢，让学生通过对数学的学习，提高自身的综合能力，更好地为社会建设贡献力量。 相似文献
13.
分析了四川简阳地区砂岩和土壤中的水分运动特性和砂岩中储存的水分对土壤水分补给量的多少。对当地的砂岩和土壤进行了水分特征曲线的测定试验、入渗试验和蒸发试验,并采用研究中常用模型对试验结果进行了拟合,通过对拟合结果的分析,得出了当地土壤和砂岩的水分特性,总结出了该地区表面土层在缺水时水分很容易被下部砂岩层补给,砂岩中的水分是作物利用的重要水资源的结论。这对于充分利用当地水资源,合理确定类似地质条件地区灌溉定额,解决无灌溉条件丘陵区作物缺水问题,实现农业节水灌溉有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
14.
G. L. Hammer J. W. Hansen J. G. Phillips J. W. Mjelde H. Hill A. Love A. Potgieter 《Agricultural Systems》2001,70(2-3):515-553
Agricultural ecosystems and their associated business and government systems are diverse and varied. They range from farms, to input supply businesses, to marketing and government policy systems, among others. These systems are dynamic and responsive to fluctuations in climate. Skill in climate prediction offers considerable opportunities to managers via its potential to realise system improvements (i.e. increased food production and profit and/or reduced risks). Realising these opportunities, however, is not straightforward as the forecasting skill is imperfect and approaches to applying the existing skill to management issues have not been developed and tested extensively. While there has been much written about impacts of climate variability, there has been relatively little done in relation to applying knowledge of climate predictions to modify actions ahead of likely impacts. However, a considerable body of effort in various parts of the world is now being focused on this issue of applying climate predictions to improve agricultural systems.
In this paper, we outline the basis for climate prediction, with emphasis on the El Niño-Southern Oscillation phenomenon, and catalogue experiences at field, national and global scales in applying climate predictions to agriculture. These diverse experiences are synthesised to derive general lessons about approaches to applying climate prediction in agriculture. The case studies have been selected to represent a diversity of agricultural systems and scales of operation. They also represent the on-going activities of some of the key research and development groups in this field around the world. The case studies include applications at field/farm scale to dryland cropping systems in Australia, Zimbabwe, and Argentina. This spectrum covers resource-rich and resource-poor farming with motivations ranging from profit to food security. At national and global scale we consider possible applications of climate prediction in commodity forecasting (wheat in Australia) and examine implications on global wheat trade and price associated with global consequences of climate prediction.
In cataloguing these experiences we note some general lessons. Foremost is the value of an interdisciplinary systems approach in connecting disciplinary knowledge in a manner most suited to decision-makers. This approach often includes scenario analysis based on simulation with credible models as a key aspect of the learning process. Interaction among researchers, analysts and decision-makers is vital in the development of effective applications — all of the players learn. Issues associated with balance between information demand and supply as well as appreciation of awareness limitations of decision-makers, analysts, and scientists are highlighted. It is argued that understanding and communicating decision risks is one of the keys to successful applications of climate prediction.
We consider that advances of the future will be made by better connecting agricultural scientists and practitioners with the science of climate prediction. Professions involved in decision making must take a proactive role in the development of climate forecasts if the design and use of climate predictions are to reach their full potential. 相似文献
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16.
针对野生刺五加叶片中黄酮含量的测量方法繁琐、时间较长及需破坏叶片等问题,提出了一种基于高光谱技术对不同时段的刺五加叶片中黄酮含量的估算模型。首先,分析提取地域、年龄、长势相近的20株刺五加叶片光谱特征,通过对叶片进行烘干、磨粉及利用紫外分光光度计等化学方法测得叶片中黄酮的真实含量,并选择4种预处理互相结合、比较的方式,判断出最优预处理模型;通过SPA与PCA算法的结合,选择出较明显的特征波段,通过MatLab2018a将特征波段的反射率分别与40组预测集验证相关性后,再分别选取预测值和20组实测值与BP神经网络、支持向量机进行模型建立。实验结果表明:利用BP神经网络建立的模型的校正集决定系数Rc2分别为0.8649、0.7976、0.8485,支持向量机建立的模型的校正集决定系数Rc2分别为0.7526、0.7742、0.7243,证明SNV和1 Der结合的预处理方式与BP神经网络所构建的模型效果最好。研究为高光谱技术对刺五加叶片中黄酮的反演提供了有力的支持,也会提高工业和药用采摘的效率及刺五加的利用价值。 相似文献
17.
S.H. KimM. Fan S.O. Prasher R.M. PatelS.A. Hussain 《Agricultural Water Management》2011,98(4):653-660
Pesticides degrade principally through biodegradation processes, whereas antibiotics kill microorganisms or inhibit their growth in soils and thus may affect the fate of pesticides. In this study, the impact of antibiotics on the degradation of atrazine in a sandy soil is investigated in lysimeters over a ninety-day period. Four treatments, monensin, narasin, salinomycin and non-antibiotic, were assigned in triplicate to twelve PVC lysimeters. Both soil and leachate samples were collected and analyzed at predetermined time intervals. In all treatments, atrazine was found to leach down through the soil profiles with the concentration level decreasing with depth, and only trace amounts of atrazine were found in the leachate. However, the statistical analysis of the results showed that all the three antibiotic treatments yielded a significantly slower dissipation of the atrazine level as compared to the non-antibiotic treatment; the mass balance analysis indicated an increased half-life of atrazine in the presence of antibiotics. 相似文献
18.
北京典型灌区土壤和农产品多氯联苯污染风险评估 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为明确北京东南郊灌区表层土壤和农作物多氯联苯(PCBs)含量和污染水平以及人体健康风险,2015年在该灌区采集了20个土壤样品和28个作物样品,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析了样品中7大类PCBs含量。研究结果表明,灌区表层土壤PCBs质量比为ND(低于检出限)到0.711 776μg/kg,均值为0.43μg/kg,总体上土壤PCBs含量随污灌历史年限增加而增加。本研究区表层土壤PCBs含量处于较低水平,土壤未受到PCBs污染且其生态风险概率均小于10%。灌区采集的冬小麦籽粒、大葱、茄子、梨、白薯、芥蓝PCBs含量均低于实验检出限,未检出;夏玉米籽粒、菜心和油菜PCBs总量分别为0.17~0.47μg/kg、1.63μg/kg和5.91μg/kg。不同污灌历史年限并未显著影响夏玉米籽粒PCBs含量。本研究区农产品PCBs含量处于较低水平,均低于美国卫生及公共服务部建议限量。采集的土壤和农产品样品仅四氯联苯含量高于实验检出限,能检测出;一氯联苯到三氯联苯和五氯联苯到七氯联苯均低于实验检出限,未检出。本研究中成人和儿童PCBs致癌风险分别为8.49×10-7和4.66×10-7,非致癌风险分别为1.41×10-1和3.88×10-1,均低于US EPA规定限值,说明PCBs未对人群产生明显的健康危害。致癌危害和非致癌危害均以口-作物(玉米和蔬菜)为主,其对人体健康所造成的风险占总个人年风险的比例分别为99.79%~99.95%和99.81%~99.94%。 相似文献
19.
Targeted sampling of water was performed in streams, the river mouth, and the municipal drinking-water tap in the vicinity of San Francisco, South Leyte, Philippines. Samples were processed on site and transported back to Sweden for analysis by gas chromatography mass spectrometry to identify and quantify the pesticides commonly used in the area. Collaborations were initiated with employees at the local Department of Agriculture and Municipal Disaster Coordinating Council to learn more about the rice cultivation in this area and times for spraying. Detectable levels of pesticides λ-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin (0.0005-1.4 μg/L) were found in representative water samples. In 47% of samples the detected levels exceeded the recommended limit values for pesticides in surface water according to Swedish guidelines (Swedish Chemicals Agency, 2008). The analysis of samples taken at the river mouth revealed measurable levels of λ-cyhalothrin and cypermethrin, which means that residues of pesticides applied to rice paddy fields were shown to end up at the river mouth. The success of the sampling and analysis methods was confirmed by the data which was in accordance with the expected effect of dilution from day to day. Variable levels of insecticides in the river and all the way down to the sea may have adverse health effects on people using the water and on the aquatic environment, including sensitive coral reefs. This situation is applicable not only to the Philippines, but also to the whole of Southeast Asia, with approximately 70% of their human population living in coastal areas. As Southeast Asia encompasses approximately 34% of the world's coral reefs and between a quarter and a third of the world's mangroves, as well as the global biodiversity triangle formed by the Malay Peninsula, the Philippines, and New Guinea, the need to reduce the impacts of marine pollution in this region is of great importance. 相似文献
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农村精神文明建设还存在一些亟待解决的问题:思想认识不到位,阵地建设滞后,农民参与精神文明建设的积极性不够高等.加强社会主义新农村精神文明建设的措施及对策是:努力发展经济;着力提高农民整体素质,加快阵地建设;加强环境建设;突出“乡风文明“建设;积极构建社会主流评价体系;以“村校“为基地,辐射带动农村精神文明建设. 相似文献