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1.
真空热处理改性马尾松木材物理性能研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
文章采用间歇抽真空法及利用木材自身含有的水分对马尾松木材进行热处理,并研究了热处理温度和时间对马尾松木材的尺寸稳定性（ASE值）和力学性能的影响。结果表明：处理温度和时间均显著影响着木材的力学强度和ASE。综合考虑处理温度和处理时间对ASE、顺纹抗压强度和抗弯强度的影响,较佳的真空热处理工艺为：压力-0.09 Mpa、处理温度200℃,处理时间1 h。 相似文献
2.
高温热处理对欧洲云杉和花旗松吸湿特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了高温热处理对欧洲云杉和花旗松平衡含水率及吸湿特性的影响。采用水蒸气作为保护介质,设定160,180,200和220℃4个温度条件下进行高温热处理2 h,以双室温、湿度控制法获得等温吸附曲线,并采用GAB模型拟合,分析高温热处理对木材水蒸气等温吸附曲线线型、平衡含水率、有效比表面积的影响。结果表明:高温热处理可以显著降低2个树种试样的吸湿平衡含水率,处理温度越高,平衡含水率下降值越明显,220℃处理后试样的平衡含水率相较于未处理材的平衡含水率下降可达40%以上;利用GAB吸附模型能够较好地描述高温热处理欧洲云杉木材和花旗松木材的等温吸附过程,等温吸附线拟合度较高(拟合度决定系数均高于0.98)。高温热处理并未改变木材等温吸附线的线型,高温热处理试样和未处理试样均呈现第2类等温吸附曲线特征,但热处理会影响等温吸附曲线斜率;高温热处理后2个树种试样的有效比表面积显著降低,处理温度越高,有效比表面积下降值越明显,且试样高温热处理后比表面积相较于素材的下降比例与平衡含水率受高温热处理的影响相近。本研究可为热处理木材吸湿特性科学评价及实际高温热处理木材生产提供参考。 相似文献
3.
短周期桉树与相思人工林木材处理性及浸注性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过测定４－９年生的桉树和马占相思木材密度，并用５％ＣＣＢ防腐剂以常温常压浸泡法，热冷槽法及劳菜空细胞加压进行防腐处理，再测定处理材的防腐吸收量及渗透深度来评估木材的处理性及浸注性，结果表明，１．速生人工林的赤桉，尾叶桉，马占相思木材属较难处理性木材；２．ＣＣＢ防腐剂对桉树和马占相思木材有浸注性较好，硼渗透较深且均匀，铜较浅．３．可用热冷槽法和加压法对木材进行防腐处理，这有利于药剂的渗透及提高工效 相似文献
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蒸汽热处理马尾松木材工艺初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以浙江本地的马尾松为试材,采用自制的小型热处理木材实验装置进行高温热处理木材工艺实验.通过对热处理前后马尾松木材力学性能和尺寸稳定性的比较,探讨了热处理温度、热处理时间以及升温速度对其性能的影响.研究结果表明:热处理温度对热处理马尾松木材的抗弯强度有显著影响,经热处理后的马尾松木材与未处理材相比,其顺纹抗压强度下降了1.823%~11.084%,抗弯强度下降了0.259%~34.451%,体积干缩湿胀率也有所降低.经综合分析并考虑到热源损耗及尺寸稳定性,得出马尾松木材的热处理最佳工艺为:热处理温度190℃,热处理时间2h,升温速度15℃/h 相似文献
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温度对CCA在木材中固着的影响和加速固着方法的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为提高木材防腐处理效果，研究了温度和时间对ＣＣＡ在马尾松中固着的影响。结果表明，提高温度，可显著提高ＣＣＡ的固着率，在室温，处理３００小时，固着率为９２％－９４％，而７０℃时，仅２１－４５小时即可达到９５－９８％。采用热湿空气只需９－１２小时可使ＣＣＡ完全固着。 相似文献
9.
本文用正交试验法研究了马尾松板材脱脂技术，研究表明，影响脱脂综合指标的因素主要有：浓度、温度、处理时间、水与木材的体积比。当浓度为0．5％，温度为80℃，处理时间为8小时，水与木材体积比为3，脱脂处理后综合指标最高。经脱脂处理后力学性能降低较小，色泽变化不大，也不需另外对马尾松材进行脱松节油处理，即可作家具、装潢材料使用。 相似文献
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不同油浴热处理对马尾松木材尺寸稳定性影响的研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
文章采用石蜡油和植物油浴热处理方法对马尾松木材进行热处理,并采用SPSS统计分析研究不同处理方法对马尾松木材的尺寸稳定性（ASE值）的影响。结果表明：在油浴热处理木材中,处理时间和处理温度都显著影响着木材的尺寸稳定性（ASE值）。在低温和浸泡时间短条件下,石蜡油热处理材的ASE优于植物油热处理材的ASE;而在高温或浸泡时间长条件下,植物油热处理材的ASE优于石蜡油热处理材的ASE。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
19.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
20.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献