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1.
谷胱甘肽对自毒作用下辣椒叶片光合特性的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
以当地辣椒(Capsicum annuum L.)主栽品种"陇椒5号"和"七寸红"为试材,研究自毒作用下不同浓度外源谷胱甘肽(GSH)对辣椒幼苗叶绿素含量、光合参数和叶绿素荧光参数的影响,以探讨GSH对辣椒自毒作用的缓解效果和生理作用机制。结果表明:单一叶浸提液处理(CK2)后,2个品种辣椒叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、PSII最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSII有效光能转化效率(Fv’/Fm’)和实际光化学效率(ФPSII)均较清水处理(CK1)降低,初始荧光(Fo)升高,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)则先升后降。说明辣椒叶浸提液引起的自毒作用导致光合作用的下降主要是由于非气孔因素引起的。含有不同浓度GSH的叶浸提液处理后,叶绿素含量、Pn、Gs、Tr、Fv/Fm、Fv’/Fm’和ФPSII与单一辣椒叶浸提液处理相比均有一定程度的回升,Ci和Fo均较叶浸提液处理的降低。说明外源GSH能够提高自毒作用下辣椒幼苗叶片CO2的利用率,降低非气孔因素的伤害,进而缓解自毒物质对辣椒幼苗的毒害。研究表明,适合缓解陇椒5号和七寸红自毒作用的GSH浓度分别为50和30mg.L-1。  相似文献   

2.
研究不同氮肥用量(N 0、3和9 g·m-2)对结缕草生理、光合及荧光特性的影响。结果表明,3和9 g·m-2氮肥均使结缕草地上及地下生物量增加;提高了结缕草叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用率(WUE)、PSⅡ最大光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)、光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)的活性(Fv/Fo)、实际光化学量子效率(ΦPSII)、光化学淬灭系数(qP),降低了非光化学淬灭系数(qN)。3 g·m-2氮肥处理效果好于9 g·m-2氮肥处理,对结缕草的生长和发育的促进作用更加明显。  相似文献   

3.
张绪成  上官周平 《核农学报》2007,21(3):299-304,310
在田间试验条件下,研究了不同抗旱性小麦品种全生育期叶片光合色素含量和叶绿素荧光参数的关系及其氮素响应。结果表明,光合色素各组分含量随施氮量增加有明显的升高趋势,品种间差异又因生育时期而不同;施氮显著提高了拔节期实际光化学效率(ФPSⅡ)和光化学猝灭系数(qP)、扬花期和灌浆期的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm),降低了全生育期非光化学猝灭系数(qN)。提高叶绿素a含量能显著提高叶片ФPSⅡ、Fv/Fm、qP和降低qN;叶绿素b含量的升高能显著增强热耗散,增加类胡萝卜素含量则促进水地品种叶片光能的光合碳同化作用和旱地品种的热耗散。拔节期对照处理的旱地品种的ФPSⅡ和qN显著高于水地品种,在该时期品种抗旱性差异表现较为明显,能够通过提高光合机构实际光化学效率和热耗散来增强光合机构对干旱的适应能力。  相似文献   

4.
高温胁迫对大白菜叶绿素荧光特性的影响   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  
在光照培养箱中,耐热性不同的大白菜幼苗在18℃/22℃、29℃/36℃和29℃/40℃(夜/昼)下分别处理8d,研究大白菜幼苗叶片的叶绿素荧光特性。结果表明,在高温胁迫处理下,不同程度的提高了大白菜幼苗叶片的Fo(初始荧光)和qN(非光化学猝灭系数),使Fm(最大荧光)、Fv/Fo(PSⅡ的潜在活性)、Fv/Fm(最大光化学量子产量)、qP(光化学猝灭系数)、ETR(表观光合电子传递速率)、Yield(PSⅡ实际光化学量子产量)和ΦPSⅡ(实际光化学效率)总体上呈现先下降、后又上升的趋势,相同温度不同品种间的变化相似,其中耐热品种热抗7号与对照相比表现稳定,在高温下表现出的耐热性较强。  相似文献   

5.
叶面喷施亚硒酸钠对谷子光合特性及产量构成的影响   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  
以晋谷21号和张杂谷10号为试材,采用大田试验,研究了灌浆期叶面喷施亚硒酸钠(0,2.5,5,7.5,10,12.5,15g·667m-2)对谷子光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明,随着亚硒酸钠喷施浓度的增加,谷子叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率Y(Ⅱ)、电子传递速率ETR、光化学猝灭系数qP、PSⅡ最大光化学效率Fv/Fm和PSⅡ潜在活性Fv/Fo均呈先升高后降低的趋势;而胞间CO2浓度(Ci)变化呈现相反趋势。在灌浆期喷施亚硒酸钠对谷子千粒重、穗粒重、穗重影响效果最为显著。与对照相比,叶面喷施7.5g·667m-2的亚硒酸钠溶液,可显著提高谷子叶片中光合色素含量和光合性能,同时提高谷子的产量。  相似文献   

6.
黄瓜地上部水浸液对番茄的化感抑制效应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
采用培养试验研究了黄瓜地上部水浸液对番茄的化感作用及其生理生化机理,并用试管法对其水浸液的主要化学成分进行定性分析.结果表明,黄瓜地上部水浸液含有生物碱、酚类、有机酸、皂甙、甾体、多糖、蛋白质和油脂,不含鞣质.黄瓜地上部水浸液处理显著抑制番茄种子萌发过程中的呼吸速率和α-淀粉酶活性,使种子萌发率和萌发指数降低,其抑制作用随处理浓度提高而增强.在番茄幼苗生长过程中浇灌黄瓜地上部水浸液提高了番茄叶片中超氧阴离子(O2)、H2O2和丙二醛(MDA)的含量及质膜透性;降低了过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和抗坏血酸(ASA)含量提高,而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性随处理浓度增加先升后降;叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)降低,胞间CO2浓度(Ci升高,幼苗干重下降.叶绿素荧光动力学资料显示,番茄叶片的初始荧光(Fo)随着处理浓度提高而增大,最大荧光(Fm)、PSⅡ潜在光化学效率(Fv/Fo)、PSⅡ原初光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ光合电子传递量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)、表观光合电子传递速率(ETR)和光化学速率(PCR)下降,非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)先升后降,表明叶片光合机构受到伤害.  相似文献   

7.
通过水培试验研究了铜胁迫对芥菜叶片光合特性与叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明,所有铜浓度处理均能降低芥菜胞间CO2浓度（Ci）和光化学淬灭系数（qP）。低浓度的Cu^2＋（≤1μmol·L^-1）能提高芥菜叶片叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量以及净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Cs）和蒸腾速率（Tr）;高浓度的Cu^2＋（≥10μmol·L^-1）使得芥菜叶片叶绿素（Chl）、类胡萝卜素（Car）含量以及净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Cs）和蒸腾速率（Tr）下降。叶绿素荧光分析表明,当铜浓度低于1μmol·L。时,PSⅡ的最大光化学效率（Fv／Fm）和子叶产量（Yield）升高,当铜浓度高于10μmol·L^-1时降低,而最小荧光（Fo）和非光化学淬灭系数（qN）变化趋势与之相反。叶绿素a／b值在铜浓度低于10μmol·L。时升高,但比值随胁迫继续加剧而下降,两者间呈显著负相关（P〈0．05）;Car／Chl值在铜浓度小于50μmol·L-。时随浓度的增加而增大,之后则随铜浓度的增加而下降,两者呈极显著负相关（P〈0．01）。铜浓度与叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量、Fv／Fm、qP和Yield均呈极显著负相关（P〈0．01）,与Pn、Cs、Tr呈显著负相关（P〈0．05）,而铜浓度与Fo和qN分别呈显著和极显著正相关。  相似文献   

8.
通过水培试验, 研究了外源NO供体硝普钠(SNP)处理对100 mmol·L-1 NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗叶绿素荧光特性的影响.结果表明, 外源NO提高了盐胁迫下番茄幼苗叶片的最大荧光(Fm)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、表观光合电子传递速率(ETR)、实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)、光化学荧光猝灭系数(qP)和光化学速率(Prate), 降低了初始荧光(Fo)、非光化学荧光猝灭系数(qN)、天线热耗散速率(Drate)和PSⅡ激发能压力(1-qP), 同时降低了激发能在两个光系统间的分配不平衡性.表明外源NO通过减少过剩激发能的耗散, 提高光合电子传递效率, 可有效缓解盐胁迫对番茄PSⅡ系统的伤害, 进而在缓解盐胁迫中发挥重要作用.  相似文献   

9.
试验于20052~006在南京农业大学卫岗试验站进行,采用盆栽方法,设置正常灌水(土壤相对含水量为75%±5%)和棉花花铃期短期渍水处理(将正常灌水的棉花增加灌水至盆内有可见明水,持续8 d,然后用导管排出表面水层,使盆内土壤相对含水量逐渐恢复到75%±5%),每个水分处理设置3个施氮水平(N 0、3.73、7.46 g/pot,分别相当于大田N 02、40、480 kg/hm2),研究施氮量对棉花叶片气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明,与正常灌水处理相比,渍水棉花的叶绿素(Chl)含量、类胡萝卜素(Car)含量和Chl/Car比值显著降低。渍水降低了棉花净光合速率(Pn)和气孔导度(Gs),降低幅度随施氮水平的提高而增大;渍水结束时,渍水棉花的Pn和Gs均随施氮水平的提高而降低。渍水提高了棉花叶片叶绿素初始荧光(Fo)和非光化学猝灭系数(qN),降低了最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)量子产量(ΦPSⅡ)和光化学猝灭系数(qP),Fo和qN的升高幅度与Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ和qP的降低幅度均随施氮水平的提高而增大。花铃期短期渍水显著降低了棉花生物量和籽棉产量,适量施氮(N 240kg/hm2)可提高渍水棉花的生物量和籽棉产量。  相似文献   

10.
采用盆栽试验,研究了不同水分条件下月季和大叶黄杨的光合生理特性.结果表明:(1)随着水分胁迫的加重(W1→W2→W3),月季和大叶黄杨的主要光合参数净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)日均值均呈逐渐降低趋势;大叶黄杨的WUE逐渐降低,月季先升高后降低;月季的气孔导度(Gs)逐渐降低,大叶黄杨在中度控水处理(W2)时的Gs高于轻度控水处理(W1);月季的胞间CO2浓度(Ci)先降后升,而大叶黄杨有逐渐增加的趋势.(2)水分胁迫下,两植物叶绿素荧光参数Fo升高,最大荧光(Fm),可变荧光(Fv),Fv/Fm,Fv/Fo降低,但大叶黄杨的参数变幅均大于月季.(3)两植物主要光合参数的日变化曲线有明显不同,CK和W1时,月季的Pn和Tr为"双峰"型,大叶黄杨为"单峰"型.(4)水分胁迫下,各荧光参数和光合作用参数变化均表明,大叶黄杨对土壤水分胁迫更为敏感.  相似文献   

11.
A 6-month field experiment (from October to March) was conducted in a 20-year-old experimental grove of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki in order to enhance its micronutrient levels and assess the effect of micronutrient foliar application manganese, zinc and boron (Mn, Zn and B) on mineral nutrition, chlorophyll concentration and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm, Fv/F0 and Performance index, PI) of the olive trees (cv. “Chondrolia Chalkidikis”). The experiment consisted of four treatments (Control-C: trees sprayed with deionized water, T50: trees sprayed with 50 mg/L Mn, Zn and B, T100: trees sprayed with 100 mg/L Mn, Zn and B, T200: trees sprayed with 200 mg/L Mn, Zn and B); the three micronutrients were applied in the forms of manganese sulfate (MnSO4), zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) and boric acid (H3BO3), respectively. The results showed that the most effective treatment for the enhancement of foliar Mn and B levels was T200, while for the increase of Zn levels was T100. In addition, significant differences among the treatments were recorded for most leaf nutrient concentrations (with the exception of potassium (K), which was not influenced by foliar treatment, the other macronutrients, such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N), as well as iron (Fe), obtained their maximum concentrations, at the end of the experiment, in C or T50 treatment). Chlorophyll concentrations were not influenced by foliar treatment. Concerning chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm, Fv/F0 and P index), significantly lower values were found in the control (C) trees, compared to the other three treatments, so it seems that a chlorophyll fluorescence technique may be used to detect micronutrient deficiencies in olive groves. However, from all the leaf nutrient concentrations determined, it was found that with the exceptions of: 1) Mn concentrations in the C, T50 and T100 treatments, which were marginal, or slightly deficient; 2) B and Zn concentrations in the C and T50 treatments, which were slightly deficient and marginal, respectively; 3) some K concentrations during the early spring period, which were slightly deficient, all the other concentrations were within the normal levels of sufficiency or within the optimum range, so no serious nutrient deficiency was detected.  相似文献   

12.
A 130-day hydroponic experiment was carried out in a glasshouse to examine whether manganese (Mn) concentration in the nutrient solution affects the nutritional status of olive plants and to find out whether the chlorophyll fluorescence technique is suitable to assess Mn toxicity and/or deficiency stress in olive plants prior to the appearance of these two nutritional disorders. For this purpose, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm and Fv/F0 ratios) were recorded every 40 days in the leaves of ‘Kothreiki’ and ‘FS-17’ olive cultivars, which were irrigated with Hoagland's nutrient solutions containing various Mn concentrations. In parallel the elongation of the main shoot of all experimental plants, as well as the concentrations of Mn, iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K) in their leaves were recorded. The following Mn treatments were applied: 0 μM Mn (to induce Mn deficiency), 40 μM Mn (to promote normal growth), and 640 μM Mn (to induce Mn toxicity). Our results indicated that not only the rate of shoot elongation but also the fluctuation with time of the leaf concentrations of all determined mineral elements (except for Mn) was not significantly affected by the Mn concentration in the nutrient solution, irrespectively of the cultivar. This was not observed with regard to the time variation of the Fv/Fm and Fv/F0 ratios, where the values of these parameters were significantly reduced in the 640 μM Mn treatment at the 80th and 130th day of the experiment in both olive cultivars, compared to the relevant previous ones (those of the days 0 and 40th), something which did not happen in the other two Mn treatments (0 and 40 μM). However, in none of the two cultivars tested and in any of the three Mn treatments (0, 40 and 640μM) the Fv/Fm and Fv/F0 ratios did not drop below the critical values of 0.8 and 4, respectively, even at the end of the experiment, where high Mn concentrations were found in the leaves of both cultivars treated with 640 μM Mn (616 μg g?1 d.w. in ‘FS-17’ and 734 μg g?1 d.w. in ‘Kothreiki’). Symptoms of Mn toxicity (curling and brown speckles) were observed in the top leaves of both cultivars, after the 90th day of the experiment. At the same time, the final leaf Mn concentrations (those of the 130th day of the experiment) in plants grown under 0 μM Mn were 23 μg g?1 d.w. in ‘FS-17’ and 20 μg g?1 d.w. in ‘Kothreiki’, i.e., a little above of the deficiency range (<20 μg g?1 d.w.). At the 130th day, Mn concentration in nutrient solution, as well as Mn concentration in the leaves of both olive cultivars was negatively correlated with the leaf concentration of Fe and the values of the Fv/Fm and Fv/F0 ratios, and positively with the concentrations of Zn and P in the leaves. Finally, the periodical measurement of the Fv/Fm and Fv/F0 ratios was proved to be a non-reliable means to predict the appearance of the visible symptoms of Mn toxicity in olive leaves (although their values declined significantly at the 80th and 130th day of the experiment in both olive cultivars).  相似文献   

13.
不同供镁水平对水稻叶片叶绿素荧光特性和能量耗散的影响   总被引：14，自引：6，他引：14  
以高产杂交稻汕优63为材料,研究了不同供镁(Mg)水平对水稻叶片叶绿素荧光特性和抗氧化酶类活性的影响。结果表明,缺Mg使水稻叶片叶绿素含量降低,光合电子传递速率下降、CO2同化受抑制而导致Fv／Fm、PSⅡ等下降、净光合速率降低,加重了叶片受到光抑制的程度。尽管缺Mg叶片所捕获和传递到PSⅡ反应中心的光能减少,但是在强光下仍然积累了大量过剩激发能。在13:00时,对照叶片的qP下降,qN升高,过剩的激发能通过非光化学猝灭途径耗散掉以避免光合机构受到伤害,而缺Mg叶片qP下降的同时qN也显著下降,这可能是由于缺Mg使叶黄素循环受阻而阻碍了过剩激发能的耗散。缺Mg叶片中没有能够通过能量耗散系统及时耗散掉的过剩激发能导致了活性氧自由基的生成比例增加,诱导了抗氧化酶类活性不同程度的增加。大量活性氧自由基不能被抗氧化酶类及时清除掉,积累到一定程度引起了膜脂过氧化加剧而使叶绿体结构受到损伤,最终使得叶片失绿坏死。  相似文献   

14.
《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(10):2161-2171
ABSTRACT

Boston Fern (Nephrolepis exaltata Schott. “Rooseveltii”) is often propagated in vitro. Microcuttings grow slowly after transfer from in vitro to ex vitro conditions. The aim of this study was to accelerate growth and to improve quality of plantlets by optimization of mineral nutrition, irradiance and CO2 concentration. Two irradiance levels (50 and 150 μmol m?2 s?1), two concentrations of CO2 (350 and 1200 μmol mol?1), and five concentrations of nutrient solution (electrical conductivity: EC 0.3, 0.7, 1.4, 2.1, and 2.8 mS cm?1) were tested. Microcuttings grown at higher irradiance accumulated more leaf fresh and dry weights than microcuttings grown at low irradiance. The higher irradiance level enhanced leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) content. Carbon dioxide enrichment enhanced dry weight accumulation and plant height, decreased N and increased K content of leaves. The highest fresh and dry weight of leaves was measured at EC 2.1–2.8 mS cm?1. Leaf N, P, and K content increased with increasing concentration of nutrient solution, leaf calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) concentrations decreased with increasing concentration of nutrient solution. Microcuttings grown under high level of irradiance and high EC had higher chlorophyll fluorescence (F m , F v /F m , S c ) values than those grown under low light and low EC. Quality of propagation material of Boston fern can be significantly enhanced with the best combination of PPFD, mineral nutrition and CO2 enrichment.  相似文献   

15.
氮肥对新疆棉花产量形成期叶片光合特性的调节效应   总被引：25，自引：3，他引：25  
在新疆生态条件下,采用裂区设计研究了氮肥用量对棉花产量形成期叶片光合特性的调节效应。结果表明,适量追施氮肥在一定程度上可以改善叶片光合性能,提高植株生育后期叶片叶绿素含量和硝酸还原酶(NR)活性;维持叶片较高的PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)和PSⅡ光化学最大效率(Fv/Fm);提高中下部叶片的光合速率,延缓了叶片衰老,保证了棉花生育后期光合产物的形成,从而使棉花达到高产。这种调节效应因品种和生育时期的不同而异。新陆早6号在盛铃前期叶片叶绿素含量、NR活性、光合速率及Fv/Fo和Fv/Fm随氮肥用量增加而增加,盛铃后期至吐絮期叶绿素含量、Fv/Fo和Fv/Fm、叶片光合速率等指标均以中氮处理(300.kg/hm2)最高,高氮处理易造成植株盛花期生长过旺,群体荫蔽,影响了叶片光合作用;新陆早7号中氮处理与高氮处理之间差异不明显。因此,生产上应根据不同品种和生育时期进行合理施肥,避免因施肥不当造成产量下降和浪费肥料。  相似文献   

16.
A solution culture experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with two cacao genotypes (Catongo and Theobahia). Plants were subjected to seven aluminum (Al) concentrations and Al effects on growth, photosynthesis, and mineral content were assessed. Inter-genotypic differences for Fo, Fm and Fv fluorescences, as well as for Fv/Fm, were observed with increasing Al concentrations. There was a decreasing of Fo, Fm, Fv and Fv/Fm for the Catongo. Increasing Al concentration decreased photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and leaf transpiration rate, however, inter-genotypic differences in these parameters were not observed. The Al-treatments decreased content of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) in different plant parts, with the exception of K content in stems of Theobahia and in leaves of both genotypes. Theobahia showed higher tolerance to Al phytotoxicity, manifested mainly in the higher levels of Al in the growth medium. Inter-genotypic differences were observed in the growth and mineral nutrition.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract

The Cushman and Barber mechanistic model was used to help elucidate the mechanisms that govern the uptake of sulfur (S) by plants. Sulfur uptake predicted by the model was compared to measured S uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum [L]) grown on Gallion very fine sandy loam (Typic Hapludalf), Mhoon silty clay loam (Typic Fluvaquenf), and a Norwood silt loam (Typic Udifluvent) under glasshouse conditions. Predicted S uptake was significantly correlated with observed uptake r2=0.85. However, the model over predicted S uptake by a factor of 10.4. The assumption that the maximum ion Influx rate (Imax ) for roots growing in soils is the same as the Imax measured in solution cultures experiments may not be appropriate. Better agreement between observed and predicted S uptake values was achieved by using an estimated Imax obtained from soil studies (Is ). Using Is , predicted vs observed S uptake had a slope of 1.5 and r2=0.93. The model predicted that when S concentration in soil solution (Clo ) at the root surface (ro ) was about 2mM or higher, this high Clo will trigger a higher ion Influx rate of about 2.6 nmol/m2sec. Plants grown on soils with Clo less than 1 mM at ro will show a lower ion Influx rate of about 0.8 nmol/m2sec, suggesting that S uptake by wheat plants is biphasic and depends on Clo at ro .  相似文献   

18.
The effects of different fertilization techniques—mineral [21% nitrogen (N)], organomineral (10% N), mycorrhiza inoculumns, wine-producing residues (three different formulas: distiller's residue, 2.2% N; anaerobic digestate, 2.8% N; and the same plus mycorrhizas inoculum), and compost by farm residues (2.0% N)—on adsorption of boron (B) were investigated. The soils, collected after a triennial lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. ‘Bacio’) cultivation, were equilibrated using six B concentrations [0, 1, 5, 20, 50, and 100 mg B L?1, as boric acid (H3BO3)]. The B adsorption was studied at two soil mass (ms) to solution volume (vs) ratios, ms/vs = 0.5 and 1, and the Langmuir, Eadie–Hofstee, Freundlich, and Temkin adsorption equations were fitted to the B adsorption data. The proportion of adsorbed B was gradually less in the more concentrated solutions, with differences in ms/vs ratio and in treatments: the percentage of B adsorbed was greater for ms/vs = 0.5 and for distiller's residue and mineral fertilizer. The Freundlich isotherm represented the measured B adsorption data well; at ms/vs = 0.5, the values of Freundlich adsorption maxima Xm varied from 93.14 to 111.88 mg kg?1 (organomineral fertilizer and distiller's residue, respectively; at ms/vs = 0.5) and from 32.14 to 40.32 mg kg?1 (mineral fertilizer and control, respectively; at ms/vs = 1). In our study, generally the B adsorption was greater with mineral fertilizers and distiller's residue, whereas the organomineral fertilizer led to a decrease in B adsorption. The parameters of adsorption isotherms were significantly correlated, at various degrees, with the exchangeable cation sodium. The adsorption isotherms were well explained by the lower soil mass to volume solution ratio in the order Freundlich > Temkin ≌ Langmuir > Headie–Hofstee.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

Influence of boron (B) on photosynthesis and water use has not sufficiently been evaluated in soybean despite its worldwide importance as a crop. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of B application on photosynthesis and water use in soybean at vegetative growth stage. A pot experiment was carried out in a greenhouse. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill cv. M8644 IPRO] was grown in a clayey Oxisol previously fertilized with 4 B rates (0, 1.5, 3.0, and 6.0?mg dm?3). Net photosynthesis rate (Pn), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs) were measured in the second trifoliate leaf of plants at the V4 growth stage. Instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEis = Pn/E) and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEic = Pn/gs) were calculated. B application to soil increased all these variables. The most consistent increases were in Pn, WUEis, and WUEic. The critical level of hot water extractable B in soil that maximized photosynthesis and optimized water use by soybean at vegetative growth stage was calculated to be 0.38?mg dm?3.  相似文献   

20.
玉米/大豆带状套作可以充分利用光环境,提高单位土地面积物质产出。为探明玉米/大豆带状复合种植模式下不同空间配置对大豆冠层光环境、形态、产量及系统效益的影响,进而为大豆高产优质栽培提供依据,本研究选用半紧凑型（‘川单418’）和紧凑型（‘荣玉1210’）玉米品种与大豆带状套作,固定带宽为200 cm,玉米采用宽窄行种植,玉米窄行距设置3个处理：20 cm、40 cm、60 cm;并以单作大豆（SS）作为对照。分析透光率、形态、光合色素、荧光参数、生物量和系统产量的变化规律。结果表明：套作大豆冠层透光率、红光/远红光（R/FR）比值随玉米窄行距的增大而逐渐降低;套作下大豆茎粗、节数、茎干重和全叶干重均随玉米窄行距增大呈降低趋势,最大值出现在玉米窄行距20 cm处理下;与单作大豆相比,两个玉米品种下大豆茎粗、节数、茎干重和全叶干重均显著降低,而第2节间长和主茎长显著升高。套作下大豆叶片光合色素含量随玉米窄行距的增大而逐渐降低,各行距处理及不同玉米品种下套作的叶片光合色素含量均低于单作大豆。大豆叶片荧光参数Fv/Fm、NPQ、Fq''Fm''和Fq''/Fv''随玉米窄行距的增大均呈先增大后减小的趋势,而Fo变化趋势与之相反。玉米收获后,大豆光环境得到改善并迅速恢复生长,套作大豆形态生理指标与单作差异减小,但由于前期玉米的遮荫,各套作处理间大豆产量差异仍显著。通过系统效益分析,在玉米窄行距40 cm处理下,套作系统综合产量最高,两玉米品种下玉米、大豆产量平均分别为8 559.52 kg·hm-2、1 717.60 kg·hm-2,土地当量比平均达1.57。本试验中大豆与两个株型玉米套作,大豆形态生理指标差异影响不显著。因此,选择紧凑或半紧凑玉米品种,适度缩小玉米窄行距可以显著改善带状套作大豆的生长环境,提高其生物量和产量。  相似文献   

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