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碎石的存在改变了均质土壤的某些物理特性，降雨入渗和侵蚀产沙过程也因此受到影响，获取相关知识有助于模拟和预测土石混合介质中发生的水土过程。试验在模拟降雨条件下，对4种不同碎石含量(质量含量分别为0%，10%，20%和30%)的土壤入渗和产沙过程进行了室内研究。结果表明，碎石含量为10%时，土壤入渗率最大，当碎石含量超过10%时，入渗率反而降低；4种不同碎石含量的土壤侵蚀产沙高峰期均出现在降雨初期0～20 min，此后土壤侵蚀产沙相对稳定且在不同碎石含量的土壤间差别不大；降雨过程中，10%碎石含量的土壤侵蚀含沙率一直保持稳定较低水平，其他碎石含量的土壤侵蚀含沙率起初很高并在0～10 min内急剧下降，此后与10%碎石含量的土壤侵蚀含沙率接近。 相似文献
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喀斯特地区不同层次土石混合介质对土壤水分入渗过程的影响 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
桂西北喀斯特地区土壤中常常含有土石隔层,分析其对土壤水分入渗过程的影响有助于深入研究该区水循环机理和促进植被恢复重建进程。通过室内模拟土柱试验,研究了不同土石隔层碎石粒径(5～20,20～40 mm)及土石隔层(土石质量比为1:1)位置(上层(0～20 cm),中层(10～30 cm),下层(20～40 cm))对土壤水分入渗过程的影响。结果表明,碎石粒径为5～20 mm时,土石隔层位于中层时土壤累积入渗量最大。碎石粒径为20～40 mm时,土石隔层位于下层时土壤累积入渗量最大。当土石隔层位置一定时,碎石粒径较小有利于土壤水分入渗;粒径为5～20 mm的土石隔层土壤稳定入渗速率最大,且达到稳定入渗的时间最短,但土层隔层位于下层时均质土壤及不同粒径土壤的稳定入渗速率无显著差异。土石隔层位置和隔层碎石粒径对初始入渗速率没有显著影响;土石隔层位于上层时,土石隔层的存在缩短了水分入渗运移过隔层的时间。土石隔层位于中层时,隔层碎石粒径为20～40 mm时水分入渗到达隔层及运移过隔层的时间最长。土石隔层位于下层时,隔层碎石的存在缩短了水分入渗到达隔层及运移过隔层的时间。Kostiakov入渗模型与Philip方程都可以较好地描述含土石隔层土壤的入渗过程,但Kostiakov入渗模型模拟效果更好。 相似文献
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田间含碎石土壤水分入渗及再分布试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探明碎石存在于田问土壤中如何改变土壤水分运移通道、影响土壤水分运动,揭示田间含碎石土壤水分运动的复杂过程,采用便携式针头降雨器在铜川崾岘梁修建的临时小区进行模拟降雨实验,测定含碎石浅层土体的入渗和水分再分布过程.采用土壤水分运动通量法计算浅层土体不同深度各截面面积的水量在雨后不同时间段的变化,分析含碎石土壤再分布特征及碎石含量对浅层土体入渗和水分再分布的影响.结果表明:碎石有利于田间浅层土壤入渗和蓄存;室内较田问测定的含碎石土壤入渗率小一个数量级以上;降雨后较短时段,碎石含量相对高的林地小区的浅层土体水分在降雨停止后呈增加趋势.表现了蓄水过程,碎石含量较低的撂荒地则表现了释水过程;降雨后较长时段,多数小区浅层土体(0-30 cm)水量变化呈现了"排水一存储交换一排水"过程,少数小区仅呈现了"排水"过程;雨后16 h左右的土体各截面面积的水量与碎石含量呈现了以直线y=0.4873为轴对称的递增和递减的指数为1/2的幂函数关系,说明碎石对黄土区典型土石区土体水分运动具有促进和阻滞双面影响.本文的研究结果可为含碎石土壤的水分利用及水分循环提供参考. 相似文献
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地表下纳米碳混合层对土壤入渗过程的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以黄绵土为研究对象,将纳米碳在土壤表层以下20cm处均匀混合,研究了不同纳米碳含量(质量含量分别为0,0.001,0.005,0.01g/g),不同纳米碳-土壤混合层厚度(1,2,3,4,5cm)对土壤水力特性的影响,结果表明:(1)土壤表层20cm以下纳米碳层可以增加土壤累积入渗量,当纳米碳含量增加到0.5%时,累积入渗量显著增加。(2)纳米碳层厚度为3cm时累积入渗量明显增大,随纳米碳层厚度继续增加,累积入渗量无显著变化。(3)Philip方程能较好的模拟含有纳米碳层的黄绵土入渗过程,纳米碳含量为0.5%和1%时,吸渗率明显高于对照土壤,纳米碳层厚度为3cm、含量为0.5%为合理施碳厚度与比例。(4)对照土壤不同深度处含水量的变化很小,土层深处含水量亦很高,而含纳米碳层的土壤表层20cm以下的土壤含水量明显变低,当纳米碳层厚度为3-5cm时,效果尤为明显。因此将纳米碳作为土壤改良剂施入地表以下,对于改善黄土高原土质水土流失具有重要意义。 相似文献
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三峡库区紫色土的碎石分布特征 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
碎石含量高是紫色土的重要特征之一,但有关紫色土坡面碎石分布特征的报道却不多见。为了弄清楚碎石在紫色土中的空间分布规律,在选取的坡面断面上(含相对较陡坡和相对较缓坡两个坡面),从坡顶至坡脚布置采样点,开挖土壤剖面,分层取样测定不同坡位不同土层的碎石含量和碎石粒径。研究结果表明:(1)紫色土的碎石含量集中分布在40%以下,且以小碎石(5~20 mm)和中碎石(20~76 mm)为主;(2)随着土层加深,中碎石和大碎石(76~250 mm)含量增加,小碎石含量变化不大,总碎石含量和碎石等效粒径随着土层的加深而提高;(3)在较陡坡面上,碎石含量和碎石等效粒径从坡脚至坡顶逐渐减小,而在缓坡面上,碎石含量从坡脚至坡顶逐渐增加。山区紫色土坡面碎石分布在土层垂直方向上主要受土壤发生过程制约,土层深度对碎石含量和碎石粒径配比有显著影响,在坡面方向,碎石的分布由控制颗粒搬运的侵蚀作用力或重力作用力决定。 相似文献
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地下灌竖管灌水器直径压力对土壤水入渗特性的影响 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
研究竖管灌水器地下灌溉条件下,土壤质地、压力水头和竖管直径对土壤水分入渗特性的影响。选用粉质壤土和砂质壤土2种土壤,在0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5和3.0 m压力水头,以及竖管直径为4、8、12和16 mm条件下,测定5 h内土壤水分累计入渗量,并应用Philip公式对入渗过程进行拟合,计算入渗流量。结果表明,不同土壤质地下,累计入渗量均随压力水头增加而增加,但质地越重,累计入渗量越小,压力水头在入渗初期对累计入渗量影响较大,随入渗时间延长,其影响程度减弱。入渗流量开始较大,逐渐减小,入渗流量趋于稳定的时间过程较长。当压力水头为0.5~3 m,灌水器稳定入渗流量为0.53~1.25 L/h。土壤水分累计入渗量变化随竖管直径增大而减小,逐渐趋于稳定。基于竖管直径构建了累计入渗量估算模型,经验证,模型决定系数大于0.99,表明模型的可行性。研究可为竖管地下灌溉管网系统设计及应用提供参考。 相似文献
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喀斯特峰丛坡地灌木林地与梯田旱地土壤水分入渗特征 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10
为明确喀斯特峰丛坡地土壤的入渗特性,该文测定了灌木林地和梯田旱地不同土层的入渗过程,同时分析了影响入渗的因素,并用不同入渗模型对其过程进行拟合。结果表明:(1)梯田旱地的入渗性能低于灌木林地,其平均入渗系数约是灌木林地的78.6%,尤其在土层30~60 cm的平均初渗率、稳渗率仅为灌木林地的4.3%和4.4%,存在明显的入渗隔层,其原因是梯田旱地本身的土壤黏粒含量充足,加上人为翻耕促使较细颗粒向下移动后堆积。(2)灌木林地土壤中的砂粒含量和有机质含量较高,孔隙度较大,不同土层间的性质差异较小,而梯田旱地0~30 cm与30~60 cm土层的土壤性质差异明显,表现为下层土壤容重大、土壤孔隙度小。两者入渗性能均与土壤容重、孔隙度的相关性极显著(P0.01)。(3)Horton模型对灌木林地和梯田旱地的拟合效果较好(R20.9),且对梯田旱地表层和深层的拟合度比对灌木林地的拟合度更好。Kostiakov模型和Philip模型的拟合效果较差。该文为喀斯特土壤水分管理及土壤入渗模拟提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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双环入渗仪的缓冲指标对测定土壤饱和导水率的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
双环入渗仪在测定田间土壤饱和导水率时被广泛采用。本文采用不同直径的双环入渗仪(内环直径分别为20 cm、40 cm、80 cm和120 cm)和不同的内外环直径比,即不同的缓冲指标(0.2、0.33、0.5和0.71),进行了16组定水头积水入渗试验,研究了双环入渗仪缓冲指标对土壤饱和导水率测定的影响。结果表明:内环直径较小的入渗仪,其累积入渗过程曲线的分布较分散;随着入渗环直径逐渐增大,分散范围逐渐缩小。另外,随着缓冲指标的逐渐增大,测定的土壤饱和导水率并没有明显的增大或减小趋势,但内环直径20 cm的入渗仪测定的土壤饱和导水率的波动最大,而80 cm和120 cm内径的双环入渗仪测定的土壤饱和导水率最稳定,并且始终非常接近。因此,相对于双环入渗仪内环大小或土壤非均质性的影响,双环入渗仪的缓冲指标对于土壤饱和导水率测定的影响要小。 相似文献
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砾石是各种水文和侵蚀等过程综合作用的产物,是土壤退化和生态系统恶化的一个标志,反过来土壤中的砾石和地表砾石也影响到各种各样的侵蚀过程。研究基于北京山区3块农用地地表砾石覆盖度和分层（0-2,2-5,5-10,10-15,15-20 cm）砾石重量百分含量数据,对地表砾石覆盖度和砾石重量百分含量的关系进行了研究。结果表明：地表砾石覆盖度和砾石重量百分含量之间的相关系数随采样深度的增加而减小,相关系数和采样深度存在负相关,表层砾石百分含量和地表砾石覆盖度之间的相关性较底层好;梯田和自然坡两种不同状态下,砾石覆盖度同表层砾石重量百分含量都存在一定的相关性,砾石覆盖度与大粒径（6～20,20～60 mm）砾石百分含量的相关系数较小粒径（2～6 mm）好,砾石覆盖度与粒径〉2 mm的砾石重量百分含量显著正相关。 相似文献
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N Arias L. Orcaray P. Bescansa A Enrique 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(22):2663-2677
Stony soils are increasingly being converted to intensive agricultural use, including irrigation. Conservation tillage can be adopted in these soils for soil protection and quality enhancement, but its assessment can be troublesome. Crop yields and the implications of rock fragments for soil quality indicators and for calculating C and N stocks were monitored under conventional and no-tillage in an experimental field recently converted to irrigation, on a soil with 40% rock fragments. Gains of up to 10 Mg C ha?1 were observed in the tilled layer (0–30 cm) only with two years of irrigation, with no differences between treatments, although the vertical distribution of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) was affected by the correction of the rock fragment content. The labile organic fraction stood as a sensitive indicator to management changes, even after rock fragment correction. Different methodologies used for rock fragment correction led to overestimations of 20% of organic C stocks. 相似文献
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利用圆盘入渗仪推求含碎石土壤饱和水力传导度(英) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在模拟土柱中，利用圆盘入渗仪对碎石对土壤饱和水力传导度的影响进行了分析。结果表明：含碎石土壤饱和水力传导度可以通过对不同负压下土壤稳定入渗速率进行非线性回归获得。含碎石土壤饱和水力传导度与去除碎石后的土壤饱和水力传导度及碎石形状指数密切相关。试验中含碎石土壤的饱和水力传导度随碎石含量的增加而呈指数降低趋势。 相似文献
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E. A. Mikhailova C. J. Post R. D. Chandler S. A. Cole J. R. Weaver H. A. Zurqani 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(9):1119-1127
Soil provides many of the requirements needed for terrestrial plant growth, including an adequate supply of water. Because the proportion of plant roots is usually greatest in the top 10 to 15 cm of soil, the soil moisture content in the Ap horizon is particularly important for plant growth and crop yields. Uncertainties in estimates of plant available water in the Ap horizon (AWAp) often arise from variabilities in field, laboratory and geospatial data at a farm scale. The objectives of this study were to quantify and compare AWAp estimates across the 147-ha Cornell University Willsboro research farm using four different approaches: a) AWAp calculated from values reported in the SSURGO database for available water capacity (AWC) and Ap thickness for the soil map units (SMUs) present on the farm, b) AWAp estimated from soil texture data reported for the SSURGO SMUs, c) AWAp estimated from soil texture data determined from soil cores taken across the farm that were then averaged within each SMU, and d) spatially interpolating the AWAp values predicted from soil cores across the entire farm irrespective of SMU boundaries. Available water in the Ap horizon varied with soil order in the general trend of Alfisols > Inceptisols > Entisols regardless of the estimation approach used. Field measurement-based estimates of AWAp were lower, in general than the reported SSURGO values and estimates based on reported texture in the SSURGO database. The higher abundance of coarse fragments in the Ap horizon of the soil cores collected on the farm partially explains the lower field measurement-based AWAp estimates. In the SSURGO database, values reported for AWC are frequently obtained from a selected pedon from a “type location” and not from the actual study location. These “type locations” can be located far from study sites and even in different states. Although collecting detailed field data may not always be possible due to the high costs of field and laboratory measurements, it is important to understand the potential benefits and limitations of making field-scale and regional AW estimates using the SSURGO database. 相似文献
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Han Yunwei Wang Qing Li Fucheng Guo Yalin Yan Weipo An Yida Bai Yinping Yang Min Zheng Yuting Hu Qi 《Soil Use and Management》2023,39(1):147-160
Few studies have been conducted on the factors and distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) in plantation forests in arid mountainous regions, especially in orchards. We aimed to unravel the SOC distribution among land-use types and the effects of altitude gradients and rock fragment content (RFC) on SOC accumulation and sequestration in the Upper Min River Arid Valley, China. The differences in SOC distribution among land-use types were quantified. The correlation analysis of SOC with various factors, such as altitude and RFC, was conducted. The variation percentage in SOC content and stocks was explained by the factors' contribution using mixed-effects models. SOC distribution was characterized by high content and low stocks in native forests and shrubs, high content and high stocks in eco-forest, and low content and high stocks in orchards. At the surface (0–30 cm), SOC content and stocks in orchards (cherry, plum, and apple) were significantly lower than those in eco-forests. There was a significant positive correlation between altitude and SOC content at the surface but not at the subsoil (30–60 cm). With RFC increased, the surface SOC content decreased in native forests, shrubs, and eco-forests, while it increased in orchards. Our results suggest that land management is the main factor controlling the variation in SOC distribution. Enhancing the surface SOC stability in orchards by land management is a priority for soil carbon pool management in the Arid Valleys. 相似文献
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基于电阻率断层扫描技术的土壤砾石体积含量评估 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
为了对电阻率断层扫描技术应用于土壤中砾石含量的研究进行评估,该文对此应用进行了数值模拟研究。该研究假设石质土壤为由细土和砾石组成的二相介质,采用有线差分法对所建立土壤数值模型进行了电阻率断层扫描模拟,模型中砾石随机分布且相互独立,过程中对砾石尺寸和土壤中水分情况的影响进行了研究。结果表明对已知二相各自电阻率值的石质土壤,其等效电阻率与其中砾石体积含量相关,数值模拟结果与理论预测结果相符合,验证了电阻率断层扫描技术应用土壤中砾石体积含量估计的可适用性,同时指出在土壤较湿润时为该技术的适宜使用条件。该研究为土壤学分类研究及质量评价提供参考和指导。 相似文献
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Fiorenzo C. Ugolini Giuseppe Corti Joseph E. Dufey Alberto Agnelli Giacomo Certini 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2001,164(3):309-315
Rock fragments (particles > 2 mm) are usually considered chemically inert for plant growth. In this paper, the potential fertility in terms of exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K of rock fragments from sandstone and siltstone derived soils from northern Apennines (Italy) is reported and contrasted with that of the fine earth (particles < 2 mm). The results show that rock fragments are a source of Ca, Mg, and K. When expressed on a volume basis, the abundance of these exchangeable nutrients sometimes may equal or surpass that of the fine earth. The plant uptake of Mg and K has been demonstrated in growth experiments with Agrostis under controlled conditions. 相似文献
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A relatively simple scaling method for describing the unsaturated hydraulic functions of stony soils 
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下载免费PDF全文 Few if any methods exist to estimate the effects of stone content (stoniness) on the unsaturated soil hydraulic properties. A relatively simple scaling method is presented to estimate the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated stony soils having different stone contents. A key assumption of the method is that van Genuchten's water retention parameters α and n of the fine soil fraction are the same as those of the stony soil. The method further assumes a linearly decreasing relationship between the saturated hydraulic conductivity and the stone content, based on previous numerical simulations. Using the proposed method, it is possible to calculate the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated stony soils, knowing the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the fine soil fraction, the retention curve of the fine soil fraction, and the particular stoniness of the soil. 相似文献