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1.
In the current literature, the impact of nano-particles (NPs) on growth of higher plants has scantly been reported. An investigation was carried out to study the effect of zinc oxide nano-particles (<100 nm) on growth of maize (Zea mays L.) plant, as one of the major agricultural crops, in a solution culture system. Various concentrations of zinc (Zn) were applied through nano-zinc oxide (ZnO) particles (<100 nm) in suspension form and in ionic form through zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) salt in Hoagland solution culture. Experimental results showed that nano zinc oxide particles could enhance and maintain the growth of maize plant as well as conventional Zn fertilizer (as ZnSO4). The plant parameters like plant height, root length, root volume, and dry matter weight were all improved due to application of zinc oxide nano-particle. These findings indicate that plant roots might have the unique mechanism of assimilating nano-Zn and using for its growth and development. Different enzymatic activities were also studied and experimental results revealed that nano-ZnO particles (<100 nm) also governed the enzymatic activity of maize plant. A separate laboratory experiment was also carried out to characterize the zinc oxide nano particle for its size, zeta potential, etc.  相似文献   

2.
The present investigation aims to study the potential protective role of exogenous applications of gibberellin, auxin, citric acid and calcium on the growth and cellular redox state of pea (Pisum sativum L.) germinating seeds exposed to copper stress. All tested treatments alleviated the adverse effects of Cu-induced toxicity on the growth, cell viability and mobilization of nutrients from the cotyledons. This alleviation of Cu toxicity occurred by limiting heavy metal biosorption and maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. Redox balance, examined through the study of the redox state of nicotinamide couples NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH appeared to be protected by the treatments. This correction was correlated to a modulation of NAD(P)H-oxidase and dehydrogenase activities, such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase. The present research provides evidence that supplementation of plants with gibberellin, auxin, citric acid and calcium was an effective approach for enhancing Cu tolerance in pea seedlings.  相似文献   

3.
The effect of copper (Cu) excess (1.5, 4.7, 31, 78, 156 μM) and exogenously supplied succinate on plant growth, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, and isoenzym profiles of some antioxidant enzymes in maize plants was studied. Excessive Cu supply led to a reduction in the relative growth rate (RGR), tolerance index (TI), chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents, and the quantum yield of PSII electron transport in the light‐adapted state (ΦPSII). Copper treatment induced several changes in the anionic and cationic peroxidases (PODs), as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoenzyme profiles. After 8 d of 78 μM–Cu treatment, two new anionic and two new cationic peroxidase isoenzymes in the roots were registered. Copper applied at concentrations above 31 μM resulted in higher levels of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn‐SOD) in the roots and Cu,Zn‐superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn‐SOD) in the leaves. However, the addition of Na‐succinate (200 μM) to the root medium prior to Cu treatment increased the capacity of the plants to partially overcome Cu toxicity.  相似文献   

4.
We analyzed the effect of different copper (Cu) concentrations (0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.35 mM) and time (1 day to 9 days) on several growth and biochemical parameters of roots and shoots of white lupin plants (Lupinus albus cv Estoril) grown in nutrient solution. A significant decrease in leaf fresh weight and leaf area was detected. Copper accumulated in the roots, and an impairment of nutrient translocation was only observed after six days at the highest Cu concentrations applied. A transient increase in the activity of polyphenoloxidase (EC 1.10.3.1) enforces a role for lignification as a defense strategy under enhanced Cu levels. The activities of several antioxidative enzymes were enhanced after Cu application. Our results indicate that Lupinus albus cv ‘Estoril’ is a rather resistant plant that can cope with moderate concentrations of copper, mostly by controlling up to a certain point, the uptake of excessive amounts of this metal.  相似文献   

5.
Abstract

Coffea arabica L. seedlings (cv. S.L.34) were sprayed with varying concentrations of cuprous oxide at 0.0, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75% for 30 days. Significant increases in the total mean fresh and dry weight; rate of transpiration; stomatal apertures; the total leaf area and plant vigor were observed on the seedlings with increasing concentrations of Cu treatments. The content of N, K, Ca and Cu were significantly increased in the seedlings at Cu spray treatments of 0.50 and 0.75% It is possible that the growth promoting effects produced in coffee by spraying high concentrations of copper is partly nutritional. This is brought about by the catalysing effects of the absorbed Cu ions, by accelerating enzymatic activities within the plant and hence increasing nutrient uptake.  相似文献   

6.
Abstract

For high plant growth and efficient production, manufacture of new nano-fertilizers is an important strategy to repair the nutrients shortage. Copper ferrite nanoparticles (CuFe2O4 NPs) were manufactured via co-precipitation method with the aim to understand the role of different concentration of them (0.0, 0.04, 0.2, 1, and 5?ppm) on growth, chlorophyll content and antioxidant enzymes activities of cucumber plants grown in hydroponic system. The prepared sample was studied by various mechanisms such as: X-ray diffraction (XRD), Infrared spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer. XRD pattern implies the nanocrystalline nature of the synthesized sample, where the crystallite size is 30.7?nm. Exposure to CuFe2O4 NPs caused an increase in the fresh weight and protein content of cucumber plants. Also, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities of cucumber shoots and roots were significantly increased. The uptake of Fe and Cu by cucumber tissues was significantly enhanced by application of CuFe2O4 NPs. Abbreviations CCI chlorophyll content index

CuFe2O4 NPs copper ferrite nanoparticles

FW fresh weight

ICP inductively coupled plasma

IR infrared spectroscopy

O2˙ˉ superoxide anion;

POD peroxidase

ROS reactive oxygen species

SOD superoxide dismutase

TF translocation factor

VSM vibrating sample magnetometer

XRD X-ray diffraction

  相似文献   

7.
铜胁迫对植物生长发育影响与植物耐铜机制的研究进展   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
铜(Cu)是植物生长发育必需的微量营养元素,在光合作用、呼吸作用、抗氧化系统及激素信号转导等多种生理过程中发挥至关重要的作用,其在植物体内含量过高或不足均会影响植物的正常生理代谢。近年来由于含铜杀菌剂的广泛使用及工业含铜污染物的排放,铜污染对植物生长发育的危害备受关注。研究铜离子对植物生长发育的影响以及植物响应铜胁迫的分子机制,对人们了解植物的耐铜性和铜污染区的植物修复具有重大意义。本文从植物对铜离子的吸收转运及积累,铜胁迫对植物生长发育的影响及植物对铜胁迫的抗性机制3个方面,系统总结了国内外关于植物铜胁迫的研究进展,并提出了需要进一步加强铜胁迫分子调控机制及植物修复方面的研究。  相似文献   

8.
The pot experiments were conducted in the artificial climate laboratories to determine the relative importance of mass flow and diffusion in supplying Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn to wheat, soybean and maize plants growing in loessal soil and lou soil. It was found that the calculated relative contribution of mass flow of iron, manganese, copper and zinc to plant uptake varied from 5% to more than 100%, depending on the crop species and soil types as well as plant growth stage, soil moisture, atmosphere humidity, etc. The results also showed that the major transportation mechanisms of these micronutrients in soil-root system varied with the crop and its growth, climate and soil, significantly. In general, mass flow was more important for Cu and Zn and diffusion was more significant for Fe and Mn at the seedling stage.  相似文献   

9.
Abstract

To identify the detrimental effects of excess copper in radish (Raphanus sativus) cv. Jaunpuri, plants were grown in refined sand at control (0.001) and 0.1 and 0.2 mM (excess) copper (Cu) supplied as Cu sulphate. Previously plants were maintained for 24 days in complete nutrient solution and on the 25th day, excess Cu was superimposed. After 6 days of metal supply, the visible effects of excess Cu appeared as retardation in growth and interveinal chlorosis of young leaves; chlorosis intensified later with the development of irregular brown spots on lamina. Excess Cu not only reduced the size of leaves but also affected adversely the root development. In radish, Cu toxicity decreased the fresh weight, biomass, root weight, concentrations of total and active iron, chlorophyll, activities of antioxidative enzymes catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX), starch phosphorylase (ST) and acid phosphatase (AP) with concomitant increase in Cu accumulation in different parts. These effects were more pronounced at 0.2 than 0.1 mM Cu.  相似文献   

10.
在重金属污染土壤的生态风险评价中,评价指标的确定至关重要,为此在田间试验条件下研究了不同添加水平的Cu和Ni（0、50、100、200、400、800、1600、3200mg·kg^-1）对玉米的毒害效应,并比较了玉米生长指标对Cu和Ni毒害的敏感性。结果表明,在相同的添加水平下Ni对玉米的毒害高于Cu;对Cu和Ni而言,苗期各项指标的敏感性依次为叶面积〉株高〉出苗率或可见叶数。与其他指标相比,叶面积是判别Cu和Ni污染最敏感的指标。苗期的株高、成熟期籽粒和秸秆的干重,这3项指标的敏感性接近,是较为敏感的指标,而出苗率和可见叶数与其他指标相比敏感性较差。因此,苗期株高和叶面积可以作为Cu或Ni毒害的评价指标。同时,两茬玉米的研究结果表明,土壤中的Cu对两茬玉米毒害的差异不显著,而土壤中的Ni对两茬玉米毒害的差异显著,说明Ni在石灰性土壤中的老化效应明显。  相似文献   

11.
Elevated copper (Cu) concentrations have been shown to decrease the microbial activity in soils. Plants can have beneficial effects on the biological activity of soils mainly through their root exudates. In this study we investigated the impact of various plant species with different Cu tolerance levels on the microbial activity in two soils with low (10 mg/kg) and high (180 mg/kg) copper concentrations. The soil was a Kahangi Sandy Loam. Three different plants, Agrostis capillaris ‘Parys’ tolerant for Cu, Agrostis capillaris ‘Highland’ non-tolerant and Helianthus annuus tolerant and a hyper-accumulator for Cu were used. To increase the Cu availability to plants, EDTA was added to some of the pots 20 days after sowing. The effect of Cu contamination on the biological activity of soil in the presence and absence of plant growth was evaluated by measuring the dehydrogenase activity, the microbial biomass, the basal respiration, and the potential nitrification.Results show that plants increased the microbial activity in the low Cu soil. In the high Cu soil the microbial activity seemed to be related to the plant health. With the Cu-tolerant Agrostis capillaris ‘Parys’, the microbial activity increased faster than with the other plant species. Up to 50 days after sowing, the tolerant grass Agrostis capillaris ‘Parys’ had a higher plant biomass and was much healthier than the non-tolerant grass. Later on the growth of the non-tolerant Agrostis capillaris ‘Highland’ recovered, and the microbial activity of the soil reached close to those recorded for the soil treatments with the Cu-tolerant plant species. The addition of EDTA delayed the increase in microbial activity even further. The proportion of microbial biomass carbon in the organic fraction was higher in the low Cu soil than in the high Cu soil, with ratios ranging from 1.3 to 3.3 and from 0.5 to 1.7 respectively. The basal respiration rate in the original soil was significantly lower in the high Cu soil than in the low Cu soil, and was generally increased by the presence of plants.  相似文献   

12.
XUMINGGANG  ZHANGYIPING 《土壤圈》1996,6(3):245-254
The pot experiments were conducted in the artificial climate laboratories to determine the relative importance of mass flow and diffusion in supplying ,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn to wheat,soybean and maize plants growing in loessal soil and lou soil.It was found that the calculated relative contribution of mass flow of iron,manganese,copper and zinc to plant uptake varied from 5% to more than 100%,depending on the crop species and soil types as well as plant growth stage,soil moisture,atmosphere humidity,etc.The results also showed that the major transportation mechanisms of these micronutrients in soil-root system varied with the crop and its growth,climate and soil,singnificantly,In general,mass flow was more important for Cu and Zn and diffusion was more significant for Fe and Mn at the seedling stage.  相似文献   

13.
Direct use of poultry manure on agricultural lands may cause environmental concerns, so there is a need to establish the suitability of the application of biochar derived from poultry manure for calcareous soil chemical properties and plant growth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of processed poultry manure (0, 5, 10 and 20 g/kg) and its biochar (0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 g/kg) on soil chemical properties of a calcareous soil and growth of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and maize (Zea mays) plants. In the incubation experiment, both processed poultry manure (PPM) and biochar decreased pH and the concentration of plant‐available Fe of soil but increased plant‐available P, Zn, Cu and Mn concentrations. PPM and biochar increased the concentrations of exchangeable cations (K, Ca and Mg) in soil. PPM and biochar applications increased the growth of maize and bean plants. PPM and biochar resulted in increased concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn in bean plants. In maize plants, PPM and biochar applications increased the N, P, K, Zn, Cu and Mn but decreased the Ca and Mg concentrations. Results of this study reveal that poultry manure biochar can be used effectively for agricultural purposes.  相似文献   

14.
Evidence clearly shows that cationic micronutrients in spray solutions reduce the herbicidal effectiveness of glyphosate for weed control due to the formation of metal-glyphosate complexes. The formation of these glyphosate-metal complexes in plant tissue may also impair micronutrient nutrition of nontarget plants when exposed to glyphosate drift or glyphosate residues in soil. In the present study, the effects of simulated glyphosate drift on plant growth and uptake, translocation, and accumulation (tissue concentration) of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) were investigated in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants grown in nutrient solution under controlled environmental conditions. Glyphosate was sprayed on plant shoots at different rates between 1.25 and 6.0% of the recommended dosage (i.e., 0.39 and 1.89 mM glyphosate isopropylamine salt). Glyphosate applications significantly decreased root and shoot dry matter production and chlorophyll concentrations of young leaves and shoot tips. The basal parts of the youngest leaves and shoot tips were severely chlorotic. These effects became apparent within 48 h after the glyphosate spray. Glyphosate also caused substantial decreases in leaf concentration of Fe and Mn while the concentration of Zn and Cu was less affected. In short-term uptake experiments with radiolabeled Fe (59Fe), Mn (54Mn), and Zn (65Zn), root uptake of 59Fe and 54Mn was significantly reduced in 12 and 24 h after application of 6% of the recommended dosage of glyphosate, respectively. Glyphosate resulted in almost complete inhibition of root-to-shoot translocation of 59Fe within 12 h and 54Mn within 24 h after application. These results suggest that glyphosate residues or drift may result in severe impairments in Fe and Mn nutrition of nontarget plants, possibly due to the formation of poorly soluble glyphosate-metal complexes in plant tissues and/or rhizosphere interactions.  相似文献   

15.
《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(9):1347-1365
The distribution of the nutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) in maize (Zea mays L.) was studied in a long-term sewage sludge field application in an acid coarse sandy soil at Bordeaux, France. Sewage sludge had been applied since 1974 at 100 t (dry weight) ha?1 per 2 years (SS 100) in plots cultivated annually with maize. Treatment with farmyard manure (FYM) at 10 t (dry weight) ha?1 per year and mineral fertilization served as control. Five plants per treatment were investigated at six different growth stages. The plants were separated into their different organs and the distribution of nutrients was determined in up to 12 different plant parts. Sludge application did not significantly influence the nutrient partitioning in maize, but improved slightly the plants' nutrient status compared with the FYM treatment. Grain yield was similar for both treatments. The values for N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Fe content in sludge-treated plants were in the recommended range for optimal growth. Thus, sewage sludge would be a valuable source for maize nutrition even after long-term application, if the critically high copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) concentrations, previously reported in these sludge-amended plants, could be avoided by the use of sludge low in these elements.  相似文献   

16.
Abstract

The synthetic activity of protein and changes in the activity profiles of enzymes during cold acclimation were studied in leaves, stems, and crowns of a hardy winter wheat cultivar ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Horoshirikomugi) and a less hardy winter wheat cultivar (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Norin 61). The results showed that one of the genetic differences between the two cuitivars is found in the activities of protein synthesis under low temperatures. The profiles of the changes in enzymatic activities showed that the adjustment of enzymatic activities was a tissue-specific event to accommodate environmental changes. The synthesis of the enzymes involved in a peroxide scavenging system such as hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, dehydroascorbate reductase, ascorbate peroxidase, and so on started at the acclimation stage, while the phosphoglucose isomerase, which appears to be a maintenance-type enzyme in the wintering wheat, showed a small increase in the activity at later stages of acclimation period in their stems of both cuitivars. When the field was covered with snow, the catalase activity in the leaves started to decrease abruptly, while catalase activities in the stems and crowns did not exhibit appreciable changes during the life under snow. The life-cycle dependent changes in enzymatic activities appear to occur in late March or early April under snow.  相似文献   

17.
A pot experiment was performed to investigate the effect of cobalt (Co) and copper (Cu) nutrition on nodulation, nodule activity and growth of Lablab purpureus plants growing in sandy clay loam soil collected from Toshka region in south of Egypt. The pots were given nutrient solution only once with addition of increasing levels of cobalt and copper (50, 100, 150 and 200 μg) as cobalt or copper sulfate solution. The present study has provided a new insight into the effect of cobalt and copper on nodulation and nodule physiology of Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet (kashrangeeg) that has not yet been examined. Thus, the present work suggest that Co and Cu application is essential for the enhancement of nodulation, nodule activity and growth of Lablab purpureus plants growing in sandy clay loam soil deficient for theses microelements.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract. We investigated whether an insoluble polyacrylate polymer could be used to improve the quality of a copper-contaminated soil. Growth of annual medic ( Medicago polymorpha L.) was stimulated in the polymer-amended soil, such that total biomass produced was three times that of plants from unamended soil. Roots of plants cultivated in the polymer-amended soil had a concentration of copper that was 73% of that in plants from the unamended soil. Biological N2 fixation was enhanced in the polymer-amended soil. Soil enzymatic activities at the end of the experiment were correlated with plant growth and copper concentration of plants grown in soils with different levels of copper, which were achieved by mixing the contaminated soil with varying proportions of a soil of low copper content. Shoot dry weight was positively correlated with acid phosphatase, β-glucosidase, β-galactosidase and urease, whereas copper concentration in the roots of the annual medic was negatively correlated with acid phosphatase, β-galactosidase, cellulase and urease. The results are consistent with soil remediation by the polyacrylate polymer. Soil quality as inferred from plant growth, biological N2 fixation and soil enzymatic activities improved as a result of the remediation process.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

A hydroponic experiment was conducted in a phytotron at pH 5.5 to study the effects of nickel (Ni) on the growth and composition of metal micronutrients, such as copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn), of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Minorimugi). Four Ni treatments were conducted (0, 1.0, 10, and 100 μM) for 14 d. Plants grown in 100 μM Ni showed typical visual symptoms of Ni toxicity such as chlorosis, necrosis of leaves, and browning of the root system, while other plants were free from any symptoms. Dry weights were the highest in plants grown in 1.0 μM Ni, with a corresponding increase in the chlorophyll index of the plants, suggesting that 1.0～10 μM Ni needs to be added to the nutrient solution for optimum growth of barley plants. The increase of Ni in the nutrient solutions increased the concentrations of Cu and Fe in roots, while a decrease was observed in shoots. The concentrations of Mn and Zn in shoots and roots of plants decreased with increasing Ni supply in the nutrient solution. Shoot concentrations of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn in plants grown at 100 μ M Ni were below the critical levels for deficiency. Plants grown at 1.0 μ M Ni accumulated higher amounts of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn, indicating that nutrient accumulation in plants was more influenced by dry weights than by nutrient concentrations. The translocation of Cu and Fe from roots to shoots was repressed, while that of Mn and Zn was not repressed with increasing Ni concentration in the nutrient solution.  相似文献   

20.
A solution culture was conducted to investigate the effects of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) toxicity on growth of mung bean (Phaseolus aures Roxb. cv VC‐3762) and accumulation of polyamine. Eight‐day‐old seedlings were grown in diluted nutrient solution with different concentrations of Cu and Zn for 6 days. Results showed that elongation of epicotyl and fresh weight of plants were decreased by 10 μM Cu and 100 μM Zn significantly compared to control (0.03 μMCu and 0.1 μMZn). Accumulation of polyamine, especially putrescine (Put) was found in the epicotyl of mung bean seedlings. Addition of 5 mM calcium (Ca) into nutrient solution improved the growth of 10 μM Cu‐treated seedling, and decreased the concentration of Put and increased concentrations of spermine and spermidine in epicotyl of plants. Moreover, supplying Put did not increase tolerance of plant to Cu or Zn. It was suggested that Put accumulation resulting from toxicity of Cu and Zn might merely be a symptom of stress injury.  相似文献   

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