共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 328 毫秒
1.
绿洲灌区土壤盐分平衡分析及其调控 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
土壤次生盐碱化是威胁新疆绿洲灌区持续灌溉农业的关键因子.以水盐平衡原理为指导,以渭干河灌区多年实际监测数据为基础,深入分析了灌区不同尺度的土壤盐分分布特点与平衡措施,重点探讨了维持耕地根系层尺度上的盐分平衡的淋洗需水量的计算问题.针对水土资源开发水平的高低与土壤盐碱化的实际状况,提出了防控土壤次生盐碱化的不同对策：在塔里木河流域灌区,以加强渠道防渗和提高田间水利用率为主;对石河子地区,重点在于以冬灌方式实现作物根系层的盐分平衡. 相似文献
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秦王川盆地是引大入秦工程主灌区 ,在盆地西南侧有兰州民航中川机场等重要基础设施。因此 ,盆地灌溉后的水盐动态变化和土壤次生盐渍化的预测研究 ,对于机场建筑安全和灌区生态保护与可持续发展 ,具有十分重要的现实意义。本文研究认为 :盆地地下水位控制在盐渍化临界深度以下 ,可确保机场建筑安全和防止灌区土壤次生盐渍化的发展蔓延。 相似文献
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海子滩灌区土壤盐渍化的影响因素及防治对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析了海子滩灌区土壤中的盐分分布及可能导致土壤盐渍化的因素,提出了灌溉洗盐;优化耕作制度;防止土壤次生盐渍化等防治对策。 相似文献
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南水北调工程是一项规模宏伟的跨流域调水工程,研究其对工程地区生态环境的影响,特别是水盐动态的影响,对防止土壤次生盐渍化和沼泽化具有重要意义。为此,我们选择了江苏境内南水北调(东线)工程输水干线之一的徐洪河进行典型分析。在研究方法上,以综合考察和典型地段土壤详测相结合,以水盐平衡分析为理论基础,在综合分析影响水盐动态诸多因素的基础上,对南水北调后本地区土壤次生盐渍化和沼泽化的发生进行预测,并提出相应防治对策。 相似文献
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农七师柳沟灌区所处的地势低凹,长期受周围“三库、两渠”及灌区内灌溉渠系渗漏,田间过量灌溉,导致地下水位上升,盐分积聚地表,使土壤盐碱化速度增快,土壤盐分含量达到0.41%左右。不同程度的土壤盐渍化,造成作物缺苗、断垄、产量不高,严重制约着农业生产的发展。1土壤次生盐碱化的成因1.1垦区耕地低产田占41%,土壤盐碱化是其低产的重要原因。盐碱地盐分主要以氯化物、硫酸盐为主,还有部分苏打化土壤。成土母质大部分为黄土状冲积、沉积,改造治理难度较大。1.2渠系、水库渗漏,造成地下水位上升,土壤次生盐碱化加重。不合理的溉溉方式,也加剧… 相似文献
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西北内陆灌区土壤次生盐渍化与地下水动态调控 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
土壤次生盐渍化其成因与地下水水位抬升存在密切关系。土壤次生盐渍化防治的根本措施是调控地下水位。本文在分析灌区土壤次生盐渍化发育特点的基础上,指出地下水临界深度不应是一成不变的,应该采用地下水动态临界深度。文中以天山北麓平原灌区为例,根据多年来土壤改良试验成果,确定灌区地下水临界深度为:解冻始2.0—2.5m,春灌始2.5—3.0m,春灌头水末1.2—1.5m,夏灌末2.0—2.5m,冬灌始2.5—3.0m,冬灌末1.3—1.5m。 相似文献
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V. V. Borodychev E. B. Dedova M. A. Sazanov A. A. Dedov 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2017,43(4):347-352
A system of the integrated monitoring of water resources, regular and estuary irrigation lands, and the engineering level of reclamation systems and facilities has been developed for the environmentally safe and cost-effective functioning of the reclamation water-economic complex of the country, based on the example of the Republic of Kalmykia. The methodological basis of the system for monitoring the technical state of reclamation systems and facilities that take into account the regional features of the assessment of classes and design parameters of hydraulic and reclamation facilities are presented. The zonal scale of the soil hydrogeological reclamation assessment of irrigation water quality is proposed; according to this scale, water quality is assessed with respect to the level of danger of total salinization and danger of the development of processes of chloride salinization, sodium and magnesium alkalization, and soda formation in the soil and with respect to the level of alkalinity and the existing hydrogeological conditions in the irrigation site. 相似文献
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Effect of irrigation management on soil salinization in Manas River Valley, Xinjiang, China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Abstract The irrigated area of Manas River Valley in Northwest China is an example of the successful reclamation of massive
land affected by shallow ground water levels and salinization. To determine the effect of irrigation management practices
on soil salinization, soil profiles representing various soil types were sampled. The historical records on the characteristics
of irrigation management practices, groundwater level and soil salts accumulation in this region at four key periods, namely:
flood irrigation without drainage; flood irrigation with drainage but of low efficiency; irrigation in combination with lined
irrigation canals and exploitation of groundwater; and irrigation with the application of water-saving irrigation techniques,
were analyzed emphatically. In addition, the salinization status of cultivated land in 2010 and 2020 was also predicted by
using analogism according to the relationship between soil salinization and irrigation practices. The results revealed that
the application of the traditional irrigation methods, such as flood irrigation and ridge irrigation, resulted in a rapid
rising of groundwater level and salts accumulation in soil surface layers. However, with the way of well irrigation and well
drainage, the groundwater level and the desalinization in soil layers apparently lowered, leading to a substantial increase
of crop yield. Currently, the application of drip irrigation under mulch decreased the salts concentration in soil layers
and increased the crop yield. With the continuous application of drip irrigation, the average soil desalinization efficiency
in soil layers may increase. It is predicted that the percentage of salinized land would be reduced to 35%–40% when irrigation
water is utilized reasonably in 2010. With the high efficient utilization of irrigation water after 2020, the salinized land
would remain below 30%. It is concluded that with the improvement of irrigation management, an obvious desalinization would
appear in the soil surface layers and the area of salinized land in this study area would gradually narrow, but the land salinization
problem would be hard to totally solve.
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Translated from Journal of China Agricultural University, 2007, 12(1): 22–26 [译自: 中国农业大学学报] 相似文献
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新疆玛纳斯河流域灌溉技术对土壤盐渍化的影响 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
评价新疆玛纳斯河流域灌区灌溉技术对土壤盐渍化的影响程度。以石河子垦区为例,着重分析不同阶段灌溉技术对土壤盐渍化的影响;根据土壤盐渍化与灌溉技术水平的关系,用类比法对灌区盐渍化耕地的发展趋势进行初步预测。结果表明:在无排水条件下漫灌、畦灌等传统灌溉技术造成地下水位迅速上升,土层出现严重积盐。井灌井排技术有效地降低了地下水位,土壤明显脱盐,作物产量不断提高。目前大力推广的膜下滴灌由于其良好的节水和压盐效果,土壤中盐分含量逐年下降,随着滴灌年限的增加,土壤平均脱盐率逐渐提高;预计2010年大部分地区水资源达到合理利用后,灌区次生盐渍化耕地比例将下降到35%~40%,2020年区域水资源实现高效利用后,盐渍化耕地将减少到30%以内。随着灌溉技术水平的不断提高,不同类型土壤出现明显脱盐,灌区盐渍化耕地也将逐渐减少,但不会全部消失。 相似文献
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玛纳斯河流域次生盐渍化弃耕地全面生态重建的新理念 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
土壤次生盐渍化是限制玛纳斯河流域绿洲农区农业可持续发展的重要因素,经过几十年与盐渍化的斗争,逐步总结出依靠现代科学技术及经济实力,倡导"以人为本"的新理念,贯彻以井灌井排为核心,结合机挖排渠、渠系防渗、膜下滴灌,刮除弃耕地表积盐以及以生物适应环境的新思维等全面生态重建的内部水土开发体系,辅以适宜盐渍化地的耕作、栽培措施,已经使土壤盐渍化得到有效控制,弃耕地已大量收复.对玛纳斯河流域次生盐渍化弃耕地的收复(生态重建)进行相关探讨,以期为干旱区内陆河流域绿洲农区防治土壤次生盐渍化提供模式. 相似文献
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土壤盐渍化是制约农业发展的主要因素。土壤水盐运移研究是认识并解决干旱半干旱地区灌溉后的土壤盐渍化问题的重要基础。在查阅大量文献的基础上,回顾了土壤水盐运移研究的历史,并系统阐述了在灌溉条件下不同潜水埋深、土壤质地、灌溉水质、灌溉制度及耕作措施等影响的土壤水盐运移规律。由于受试验条件的局限,模拟土壤水盐运移的数学模型的发展受到限制,同时影响了大田尺度下的土壤水盐动态的精确模拟与预报;同时,提出未来的研究应该采用系统论观点,以环境生物化学循环为背景,对流域尺度上多年土壤水盐平衡问题进行深入研究。 相似文献
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M. G. Mustafayev Yu. A. Mazhaysky D. V. Vinogradov 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2018,44(6):551-558
Data on irrigated saline soils of the Mugan-Sal’yany Massif (Azerbaijan) and factors of its salinization are given. The studies enabled the revealing of diagnostic parameters of irrigated meadow-serozemic and alluvial-meadow soils of the massif. The structure of its profile is AYa'ca z–AYа"ca z–Bca z s m–BCca cs–Cs ca and AUa'z–AYa"z–Bca g–BCg–Cs ca, respectively. It has been revealed that the areas with unsatisfactory status of drainage and irrigation networks are characterized by a rise in groundwater level and mineralization and in salt content in soil as well as by poorer water-physical and chemical soil properties. The operation of the existing drainage system and the regular water drain into a collecting system should be organized in order to improve water-physical soil properties. In the areas where drainage systems cannot be repaired, temporary drains (0.8–1.0 m deep) at a distance of 25–50 m from one another and temporary collecting reservoirs (1.0–1.5 m deep) are recommended. It is necessary to provide discharge of irrigation water into constant drains. Taking into consideration the increase in salt content in the entire area, furrowing, sprinkling, and other irrigation methods are useful. 相似文献
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为改善导致民勤绿洲下游地区土地次生盐化严重、土地退化和生态失衡的不合理土地利用模式,通过历史文献法研究了民勤绿洲农业开发与土地利用空间格局演变史,用遥感方法获取了2008年绿洲土地利用/覆被数据,结合对地貌、地下水和土壤的分布规律的分析,研究表明:1)绿洲农业开垦起源于水源充足、土壤持水性好的中下游区域,并逐渐向外围及上游发展;2)绿洲种植结构不合理,农业用水空间配置不合理,下游灌溉且主要用矿化度高的地下水灌溉导致严重次生盐渍化;3)传统农业模式下绿洲下游已出现生产-生活-生态环境恶化,且农民生计无法保证。为此,本研究提出通过"流"的方式重构土地利用空间布局,即农村居民点向上游迁移,使用膜下滴灌技术发展特色林果,在提高农业经济效益的同时,节约农业用水并利用上游回水为下游地区腾退的农业用地恢复耐盐植被,从而改善绿洲生态系统。 相似文献
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针对黄淮海平原水土资源短缺和农田灌排系统不完善问题,根据水量平衡原理和灌排理论,结合不同典型区的灌溉排水特点,提出黄淮海平原明渠灌溉排水一体化渠系规划布置设计方案,编制了渠系布置参数计算软件,分析不同典型区渠道参数的主要影响因素和变化规律。结果表明:在灌溉排水控盐区以及灌溉排水并重区,渠道间距随地下水位埋深和排渍时间的增大而增大,但随排渍深度的增大而减小。渠道间距随着土壤质地由粘性到砂性的转变而逐渐增大。在灌溉排水补源区,渠道深度和渠底宽度随设计流量的增大而增大,但随渠底坡降的增大而减小。与传统渠系布置相比,在灌溉排水补源区的一体化渠系布置可减少渠系占地面积约55%,工程土方量70%。 相似文献
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通过对内陆干旱区地面灌与井灌条件下土壤水盐运移规律的分析,指出地面灌下盐分随地下水位的波动而变化,地表处于周期性的积盐与脱盐;而竖井灌排影响下的土壤则在整个剖面上均表现出脱盐的趋势,但同时却又存在发生碱化的风险及地下水矿化度的提高.为了预防土壤的盐渍化,必须加强对灌区水盐动态的监测. 相似文献