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1.
9种杀菌剂对苹果斑点落叶病菌和轮纹病菌的毒力比较   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  
在室内比较测定了己唑醇等9种杀菌剂对苹果斑点落叶病菌和苹果轮纹病菌的抑菌毒力。结果表明:苹果斑点落叶病菌对三唑类杀菌剂己唑醇、戊唑醇、腈菌唑、氟硅唑和苯醚甲环唑的敏感性依次下降,EC50值均在1μg/mL以下,EC90值均低于10μg/mL;上述药剂与异菌脲的毒力相当,高于多氧霉素。苹果轮纹病菌对供试5种三唑类杀菌剂的敏感性略低于斑点落叶病菌,其中仍以己唑醇毒力最高,其次是戊唑醇、氟硅唑、腈菌唑、苯醚甲环唑,异菌脲与苯醚甲环唑的毒力水平相当,表明上述药剂对轮纹病有兼治作用,而多氧霉素对该病菌的毒力相对较低。2种病菌对甲氧基丙烯酸酯类的醚菌酯敏感性均较低,而硫酸铜的抑菌毒力最低。  相似文献   

2.
为明确苯醚甲环唑对果生炭疽菌Colletotrichum fructicola不同发育阶段的毒力,并建立中国南方主要梨产区(湖北、安徽、江西、江苏、浙江和福建)果生炭疽菌对苯醚甲环唑的敏感基线,采用孢子萌发法测定了苯醚甲环唑对6个代表性菌株孢子萌发和芽管伸长的影响,采用离体叶片接种法评价了苯醚甲环唑对该病菌的防治效果,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了120株果生炭疽菌对苯醚甲环唑的敏感性。结果表明:苯醚甲环唑对果生炭疽菌菌丝生长和芽管伸长的抑制效果较强,而对分生孢子萌发的抑制效果较弱,其平均EC50值分别为(0.33±0.03)、(2.61±0.26)和(29.87±1.31)μg/mL。160μg/mL的苯醚甲环唑对梨果生炭疽病的保护作用和治疗作用防效分别为92%和79%,而1000μg/mL的多菌灵则分别为51%和23%。来源于中国南方主要梨产区的120株果生炭疽菌对苯醚甲环唑均表现为敏感,EC50值范围0.27~1.12μg/mL,敏感性频率分布呈连续单峰曲线,符合正偏态分布,其平均EC50值(0.59±0.02)μg/mL可以作为我国南方主要梨产区果生炭疽菌对苯醚甲环唑的敏感基线。本研究结果为监测梨果生炭疽菌对苯醚甲环唑的田间抗药性发展奠定了基础,并为梨产区应用该药剂防治炭疽病提供了依据。  相似文献   

3.
几种杀菌剂对草莓白粉病的防效研究   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文
在温室大棚用苯醚甲环唑、苯醚甲环唑+丙环唑、氟硅唑、腈菌唑和三唑酮等杀菌剂防治草莓白粉病Sphaerotheca aphanis。结果表明,适宜浓度的 10%苯醚甲环唑WG、30%苯醚甲环唑+丙环唑EC、40%氟硅唑EC、20%三唑酮EC、12.5%腈菌唑EC的田间防治效果均可达到80%以上;苯醚甲环唑、苯醚甲环唑+丙环唑、氟硅唑和三唑酮的持效期约为18 d,而腈菌唑的持效期较短,约为7 d。10%苯醚甲环唑WG在360~900 g/hm2用量时不影响草莓长势,而氟硅唑225 mL/hm2和三唑酮300~450 mL/hm2用量时则在不同程度上抑制草莓的生长。  相似文献   

4.
为筛选防治牡丹黑斑病的化学药剂,采用菌丝生长速率法和涂布平板法分别测定了多菌灵、苯醚甲环唑和嘧菌酯对牡丹黑斑病菌菌丝生长的抑制活性及对分生孢子萌发和形成的影响。结果表明：苯醚甲环唑对菌丝生长的抑制作用最强,有效中浓度EC50仅为0.30 μg/mL,其次为嘧菌酯6.34 μg/mL和多菌灵92.18 μg/mL;多菌灵可显著降低分生孢子的萌发速率,而苯醚甲环唑和嘧菌酯对孢子萌发的抑制作用较弱,可使分生孢子及芽管发生畸形,并改变分生孢子的萌发方式;3种药剂均可显著抑制芽管的伸长生长,推迟病菌分生孢子梗的形成时间,但对分生孢子的产生数量无显著影响。多菌灵可作为保护剂在病害发生前期使用,苯醚甲环唑和嘧菌酯可在病害发生期轮换使用。  相似文献   

5.
防治牡丹根腐病的有效药剂筛选   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
郭敏  徐中青  高智谋 《植物保护》2009,35(5):135-138
采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法,分别测定了咪鲜胺、醚菌酯、苯醚甲环唑、百菌清、多菌灵、代森锰锌等6种杀菌剂对牡丹根腐病菌的室内毒力。结果表明,6种药剂对病菌菌丝生长的EC50大小顺序为：咪鲜胺<多菌灵<代森锰锌<苯醚甲环唑<百菌清<醚菌酯,其中以咪鲜胺对牡丹根腐病病菌的菌丝生长抑制作用最强, EC50为0.200 mg/L;多菌灵、代森锰锌、苯醚甲环唑、百菌清依次减弱,醚菌酯的抑制菌丝生长的作用最小,EC50为33.98 mg/L。6种药剂对病菌孢子萌发的EC50大小顺序为：百菌清<咪鲜胺<苯醚甲环唑<多菌灵<代森锰锌<醚菌酯;其中以百菌清对牡丹根腐病菌的孢子萌发抑制作用最强,EC50为0.343 mg/L;咪鲜胺、苯醚甲环唑、多菌灵、代森锰锌依次减弱,醚菌酯抑制孢子萌发的作用最小,EC50为38.4 mg/L。  相似文献   

6.
为筛选得到防治苹果轮纹病的高效药剂,采用生长速率法测定9种三唑类杀菌剂对苹果轮纹病菌菌丝生长的毒力,评价其对苹果生长的安全性及对轮纹病的田间防治效果。结果表明,苯醚甲环唑和氟硅唑对苹果轮纹病菌的室内毒力较高,EC 50分别为0.107μg/mL和0.140μg/mL;其次为氟环唑、丙环唑和己唑醇,EC 50分别为0.220、0.238μg/mL和0.452μg/mL。在田间防效试验中,氟硅唑(57.1 mg/kg)、丙环唑(166.7 mg/kg)和苯醚甲环唑(66.7 mg/kg)对苹果轮纹病的防效最高。2018年果实采收前防效分别为84.75%、83.66%和82.05%,采后30 d分别为73.33%、73.33%和68.33%;2019年采收前防效分别为82.25%、87.66%和87.41%,采后30 d分别为75.41%、70.49%和73.77%。同时,各药剂对苹果生长均无不良影响,可用于苹果轮纹病防治。  相似文献   

7.
采用菌落直径法,分别测定了7大类8种常用杀菌剂对黄瓜枯萎病菌的室内毒力。结果表明,8种供试杀菌剂对黄瓜枯萎病菌的作用效果均较好,其中三唑类丙环唑的毒力最高,EC50值为0.023mg/L。咪鲜胺、苯醚甲环唑、咯菌腈、百菌清和嘧菌酯的毒力也较高,EC50均低于1.0mg/L;多菌灵和异菌脲对黄瓜枯萎病的毒力分别为1.105和1.181mg/L,仍有较好的作用效果。  相似文献   

8.
6种杀菌剂对甘草褐斑病的田间药效评价   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
通过叶部施药法,比较了6种杀菌剂对甘草褐斑病的防治效果。试验结果表明,第2次施药后14 d,10%苯醚甲环唑ME 1 500倍液和20%丙环唑ME 2 000倍液对甘草褐斑病的防效分别为90.73%和85.33%;5%烯唑醇ME1 000倍液和25%腈菌唑EC 3 000倍液的防效分别为80.56%和78.71%,以上4处理的防效均显著优于对照药剂25%三唑酮WP 500倍液处理防效72.10%,40%多.福.溴菌清WP 750倍液与对照药剂25%三唑酮WP 500倍液的处理效果相当。在甘草褐斑病发生初期,均匀喷雾,间隔7 d,共喷药2次,可达到理想的防治效果。  相似文献   

9.
苯醚甲环唑与烯肟菌胺复配防治稻曲病   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为筛选防治稻曲病的杀菌剂,本文测定了苯醚甲环唑、烯肟菌胺单剂以及不同比例的混配制剂对稻曲病菌的毒力和联合毒力,并选择具有增效作用的混配药剂进行了田间防效试验。结果表明:苯醚甲环唑和烯肟菌胺按9∶1混配对稻曲病菌的抑制作用最强,EC50为0.11μg/mL,共毒系数最大,达182.91,显示二者按该比例混配具有增效作用。选择该配比加工的复配制剂5%苯醚甲环唑·烯肟菌胺微乳剂进行田间药效试验,结果表明,喷雾量为有效剂量(下同)180g/hm~2时,其病穗防效达79.89%,病粒率防效达81.94%,高于5%烯肟菌胺水剂75g/hm~2和对照药剂2.5%井冈霉素·100亿枯草芽孢杆菌水剂112.5g·4.5×10~(13)/hm~2处理,与25%苯醚甲环唑乳油和对照药剂300g/L苯醚甲环唑·丙环唑乳油均无显著差异。分析认为,5%苯醚甲环唑·烯肟菌胺ME可望作为稻曲病防治药剂进行示范和验证试验。  相似文献   

10.
采用菌丝生长速率法,测定70%甲基硫菌灵WP、80%代森锰锌WP、250g/L吡唑醚菌酯EC、10%苯醚甲环唑WG、250 g/L咪鲜胺EC、250 g/L嘧菌酯SC和250 g/L丙环唑EC 7种杀菌剂对樟树溃疡病病原菌的菌丝生长抑制效果。结果表明,当有效成分浓度为0.80μg/m L时,供试药剂对樟树溃疡病病原菌的菌丝生长均有抑制作用,其中250 g/L咪鲜胺EC的效果最好,抑制率达100%,显著高于其他药剂的效果。甲基硫菌灵、吡唑醚菌酯、嘧菌酯、丙环唑、苯醚甲环唑和代森锰锌的抑菌效果分别为59.64%、57.22%、46.40%、36.54%、19.27%和2.62%。  相似文献   

11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.  相似文献   

12.
We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids.  相似文献   

13.
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.  相似文献   

14.
《干旱区科学》2014,(6):782-782
正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad  相似文献   

15.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.  相似文献   

16.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.  相似文献   

17.
Liriomyza cicerina (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an important pest on chickpea in Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine the parasitoids and rates of parasitism ofL. cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during the 2005 and 2006 seasons in ?anl?urfa province, Turkey. Leaves with mines were sampled weekly and kept in the laboratory to observe and count emerging leafminer and parasitoid adults. Eight parasitoid species were collected: the braconidsOpius monilicornis Fischer andOpius tersus Foerster and the eulophidsDiaulinopsis arenaria (Erdös) andNeochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), which occurred in both the winter and summer seasons;Diglyphus crassinervis Erdös,Neochrysocharis ambitiosa Hansson,Neochrysocharis sericea (Erdös) andPediobius metallicus (Nees), which occurred only in the summer growing areas.Diaulinopsis arenaria was the predominant parasitoid with 4–7.7% parasitism rate whileN. ambitiosa andO. monilicornis were the second and third most predominant species. The results of these trials show that sinceDia. arenaria occurred throughout every season, it could potentially be used for control of the leafminerL. cicerina.  相似文献   

18.
Systematic information on the quantitative impact of Z ygogramma bicolorata on the biology of P arthenium hysterophorus is crucial as the seeds of this weed continue to germinate from the accumulated soil seed bank throughout the year in the form of different germinating flushes, while the activity of the beetle ceases during winter as it enters diapause. Therefore, plant–herbivore interactions need to be explored to develop predictions of the overall impact of the introduced beetle on the weed. The findings revealed that defoliation by Z . bicolorata had a significant impact on the plant height, density and flower production in flushes F 3, F 4 and F 5, but not in F 1 and F 2 that exhibited longer periodicity, profuse branching, a longer flowering period and maximum flower production and contributed mostly to the existing seed soil bank. Therefore, total depletion of the existing soil seed bank was not possible. Consequently, the effect of augmentative field releases of laboratory‐reared beetles was explored on F 1 and F 2 in February for three consecutive years (2011–2013). Before initiating the trial, random soil samples were taken from the plots that were assigned to the paired treatments (i.e. with the beetle and without the beetle [insecticide‐treated]) and it was found that the seed bank in those samples did not differ. The single release of Z . bicolorata adults at five per plant at the six‐leaf stage significantly reduced the soil seed bank, compared to without the biocontrol agent, irrespective of the flushes at the end of the season.  相似文献   

19.
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.  相似文献   

20.
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