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高致病性禽流感对禽类及人类危害十分严重.高致病性禽流感流行病学特点之一是随野生鸟类的迁徙,该病在全球广泛扩散和蔓延.野生鸟类在紧急免疫后的血清抗体水平直接关系到疫情的控制、养禽业的发展以及人类的健康.我国GB/T 18936高致病性禽流感诊断技术对火鸡、鸭、鹅(包括野生鸟类)等禽类接种禽流感疫苗免疫效力评价缺乏足够的血清学依据,国际国内对野生鸟类血清抗体水平检测资料比较欠缺.因此对野生鸟类高致病性禽流感血清抗体水平进行检测,就显得十分重要和必要. 相似文献
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对青海湖区野生鸟类禽流感疫情防控的几点思考 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
2005年5～7月，青海湖区发生了野生鸟类禽流感疫情。通过对疫情发生后采取的防控措施、野生鸟类死亡情况和经济发展受到的影响等方面的分析，我们对今后如何加强野生鸟类的疫病监测防控工作进行思考，并提出初步见解和对策。 相似文献
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1株野禽源H5N6亚型禽流感病毒的分离鉴定与遗传进化分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国兽医杂志》2017,(5)
为了解野生鸟类禽流感病毒的流行情况,对2015-2016年广州地区野生鸟类进行流感监测,分离得到1株H5N6流感病毒。对病毒分离株进行基因克隆、测序和序列分析,结果显示,HA基因属于Clade2.3.4.4,HA蛋白的裂解位点处具有多个连续碱性氨基酸,具备高致病性禽流感病毒的典型分子特征。各基因片段分别与H5N6亚型的猫和家禽等的不同宿主病毒株相应片段具有较高相似性,揭示了野鸟作为流感病毒孵化器的可能性,提示需加强对野生鸟类禽流感监控。 相似文献
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辽宁省鸟类迁徙通道划分及禽流感防控形势的分析探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
H5N1禽流感疫情愈演愈烈，辽宁位于亚洲野生鸟类迁徙通道的轴线之上，然而，在野生鸟类迁徙通道划分、重点防控区域确定等问题上还存在一些值得探讨的问题，而且有必要通过对这些问题的探讨，更加充分地认识辽宁省野生鸟类禽流感监测工作的重要性、作用及地位。本文借鉴国际国内最新学术成果，利用鸟类迁徙的地理学、生态学和禽流感防控经验对上述问题提出了建设性的意见。 相似文献
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H5N1禽流感疫苗研究及应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2003年以来，H5N1亚型禽流感病毒在东南亚多个国家包括中国引起禽流感暴发，并在越南、泰国、柬埔寨、印尼和中国引起人的感染和死亡。2005年，H5N1亚型禽流感病毒引起野生鸟类的大规模死亡，并随野生鸟类的迁徙而传播到更广泛的区域。本将对1996年以来中国家禽中分离的H5N1亚型禽流感病毒进化及演变关系．以及野鸟禽流感病毒的遗传多样性进行系统阐述。 相似文献
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禽流感流行特点及其未来控制方略 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
禽流感根据禽流感病毒致病力的大小可分为高致病性禽流感和低致病性禽流感;高致病性禽流感是由H5或H7亚型禽流感病毒引起,但我们要注意的是并非所有的H5或H7亚型禽流感病毒都可引起高致病性禽流感;低致病性禽流感通常由H9等亚型禽流感病毒引起。到目前为止,高致病性禽流感已经在亚洲、欧洲、非洲等50多个国家的家禽养殖业和野生鸟类中不断发生,疫情出现此起彼伏之势,不仅对家禽养殖业造成了致命性的打击,而且造成了60多种野生鸟类的死亡,仅在我国有记录的野生鸟类死亡品种就有16种,这对一些濒危鸟类物种形成了巨大威胁;更为严重的是人类感染禽流感的数量在不断攀升,2005年全球发病与死亡数分别为97人和42人,而今年截至到10月3日,发病与死亡数分别为105人和70人。因此,世界各国 相似文献
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近年来,青藏高原迁徙的野生鸟类不断发生高致病禽流感疫病,给生态安全和人们的健康带来了极大的威胁。如何面对和做好野生鸟类的疫源疫病监测与防控,本文通过青海省发生和开展的防控工作情况,就面临和亟待解决的问题,提出对策建议。 相似文献
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禽流感（Avian influenza,AI）是由A型流感病毒所引起的禽类的一种传染病。能引起禽类呼吸系统到严重全身败血症等多种症状的烈性传染病。禽类感染后病死率很高,但对野生禽类多为不显性感染。自从1997年香港发生禽流感病毒H5N1亚型首次突破种属屏障感染人类并引起死亡以来,世界各国纷纷报道各种人禽流感病例的发生,人禽流感的关注程度也达到了前所未有的高度。近几年全球共有三大洲的19个国家和地区发生禽流感疫情。一些地区的疫情呈现蔓延的趋势,并且出现了人感染禽流感病毒的病例。禽流感不仅对养殖业造成重大损失,更对人类健康造成严重威胁。本文全面地介绍了禽流感的病原、流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、诊断和防制。 相似文献
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珠三角地区H7N9禽流感传播途径具有复杂性和特殊性。为进一步明确传播途径,基于家禽产业链视角,在H7N9禽流感最为严重的广州市、深圳市、佛山市,采用分层抽样法选取有代表性且能反映整体情况的养殖场、批发市场、屠宰场、农贸市场,调查H7N9禽流感的动物防疫和个人防护情况。结果显示:养殖场的生物安全隔离仍不完善,存在活禽接触候鸟感染禽流感的风险;批发市场和屠宰场防疫水平高,人感染风险较低;农贸市场的动物防疫条件和个人防护不充分,易扩散病毒;最有可能的传播途径是与候鸟接触后携带病毒的活禽,通过"养殖—批发—零售"产业链蔓延。该结论在明确"禽传人"、"活禽市场环境暴露"观点上深化了产业链各环节间的传播路径。因此,珠三角地区H7N9禽流感的防控重点要加强养殖环节的生物安全隔离,并做好零售环节中活禽与人之间的防控。 相似文献
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Globig A Starick E Werner O 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2006,119(3-4):132-139
In order to determine the actual prevalence of avian influenza viruses (AIV) in wild birds in Germany, extensive surveillance studies were carried out between March 2003 and January 2005. More than 3.000 samples of 79 different species of wild birds (migratory and resident birds) were taken and 1.151 established pools investigated. Samples came from 80 different regions of Germany. Forty AIV isolates representing 14 combinations of eight different hemagglutinin and eight neuraminidase subtypes, among them H5 and H7, were identified. All H5 and H7 isolates were found to be of low pathogenicity. The overall incidence of the investigated pools based on virus isolation was 3,5 % for AIV, with considerable variability noted among species, season and location. All AIV were isolated from birds sampled in autumn. Most of the AIV isolates came from the resting or wintering areas of mallards breeding far north. This study adds to the understanding of the ecology of influenza viruses in wild birds and empahsizes the constant need for surveillance in times of an ongoing and expanding epidemic of highly pathogenic AI. 相似文献
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Brunhart I Baumer A Reist M Stärk K Griot C 《Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde》2010,152(11):507-513
When highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 (HPAI H5N1) arrived at Lake Constance in February 2006, little was known about its ecology and epidemiology in wild birds. In order to prevent virus transmission from wild birds to poultry, the adjacent countries initiated the tri-national, interdisciplinary research program ?Constanze? to investigate avian influenza infections in water birds at Lake Constance. In collaboration with government agencies scientists examined the prevalence of AI virus in the region of Lake Constance for a period of 33 months, compared the effectiveness of different surveillance methods and analysed the migration behaviour of water birds. Although virus introduction from regions as far as the Ural Mountains seemed possible based on the migration behaviour of certain species, no influenza A viruses of the highly pathogenic subtype H5N1 (HPAIV) was found. However, influenza A viruses of different low pathogenic subtypes were isolated in 2.2 % of the sampled birds (swabs). Of the different surveillance methods utilised in the program the sampling of so called sentinel birds was particularly efficient. 相似文献
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Recent developments in avian influenza research: epidemiology and immunoprophylaxis 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
Influenza A viruses have been isolated from humans, from several other mammalian species and a wide variety of avian species, among which, wild aquatic birds represent the natural hosts of influenza viruses. The majority of the possible combinations of the 15 haemagglutinin (HA) and nine neuraminidase (NA) subtypes recognized have been identified in isolates from domestic and wild birds. Infection of birds can cause a wide range of clinical signs, which may vary according to the host, the virus strain, the host's immune status, the presence of any secondary exacerbating microorganisms and environmental factors. Most infections are inapparent, especially in waterfowl and other wild birds. In contrast, infections caused by viruses of H5 and H7 subtypes can be responsible for devastating epidemics in poultry. Despite the warnings to the poultry industry about these viruses, in 1997 an avian H5N1 influenza virus was directly transmitted from birds to humans in Hong Kong and resulted in 18 confirmed infections, thus strengthening the pandemic threat posed by avian influenza (AI). Indeed, reassortant viruses, harbouring a combination of avian and human viral genomes, have been responsible for major pandemics of human influenza. These considerations warrant the need to continue and broaden efforts in the surveillance of AI. Control programmes have varied from no intervention, as in the case of the occurrence of low pathogenic (LP) AI (LPAI) viruses, to extreme, expensive total quarantine-slaughter programmes carried out to eradicate highly pathogenic (HP) AI (HPAI) viruses. The adoption of a vaccination policy, targeted either to control or to prevent infection in poultry, is generally banned or discouraged. Nevertheless, the need to boost eradication efforts in order to limit further spread of infection and avoid heavy economic losses, and advances in modern vaccine technologies, have prompted a re-evaluation of the potential use of vaccination in poultry as an additional tool in comprehensive disease control strategies. This review presents a synthesis of the most recent research on AI that has contributed to a better understanding of the ecology of the virus and to the development of safe and efficacious vaccines for poultry. 相似文献
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Thomas J. DELIBERTO Seth R. SWAFFORD Dale L. NOLTE Kerri PEDERSEN Mark W. LUTMAN Brandon B. SCHMIT John A. BAROCH Dennis J. KOHLER Alan FRANKLIN 《Integrative zoology》2009,4(4):426-439
As part of the USA's National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza, an Interagency Strategic Plan for the Early Detection of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza in Wild Migratory Birds was developed and implemented. From 1 April 2006 through 31 March 2009, 261 946 samples from wild birds and 101 457 wild bird fecal samples were collected in the USA; no highly pathogenic avian influenza was detected. The United States Department of Agriculture, and state and tribal cooperators accounted for 213 115 (81%) of the wild bird samples collected; 31, 27, 21 and 21% of the samples were collected from the Atlantic, Pacific, Central and Mississippi flyways, respectively. More than 250 species of wild birds in all 50 states were sampled. The majority of wild birds (86%) were dabbling ducks, geese, swans and shorebirds. The apparent prevalence of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses during biological years 2007 and 2008 was 9.7 and 11.0%, respectively. The apparent prevalence of H5 and H7 subtypes across all species sampled were 0.5 and 0.06%, respectively. The pooled fecal samples (n= 101 539) positive for low pathogenic avian influenza were 4.0, 6.7 and 4.7% for biological years 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. The highly pathogenic early detection system for wild birds developed and implemented in the USA represents the largest coordinated wildlife disease surveillance system ever conducted. This effort provided evidence that wild birds in the USA were free of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (given the expected minimum prevalence of 0.001%) at the 99.9% confidence level during the surveillance period. 相似文献