首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 437 毫秒
1.
以稻麦轮作田和高产蔬菜地为试验田,研究太湖湖滨缓冲带农业面源污染源氮磷等营养物质随降雨径流流失对太湖水体富营养化的影响。对雨季(6—9月)太湖湖滨缓冲带农田初雨径流流失氮磷的监测结果为:稻麦轮作试验田初雨径流中TN、TP、CODMn浓度波动范围分别为3.88～10.81、0.60～1.50、6.51～12.50 mg/L;PN平均值为2.24 mg/L,占TN的29.75%;NH4+-N平均值为1.13 mg/L,占DTN的14.99%;NO3--N平均值为1.16 mg/L,占DTN的15.37%;PP平均值为0.30 mg/L,占TP的30.06%。高产蔬菜试验田初雨径流中TN、TP、CODMn浓度波动范围分别为10.27～26.27、2.47～6.07、12.43～26.88 mg/L;PN平均值为1.87 mg/L,占TN的11.11%;NH4+-N平均值为2.05 mg/L,占DTN的13.75%;NO3--N平均值为1.57 mg/L,占DTN的10.51%;PP平均值为2.08 mg/L,占TP的72.7%。  相似文献   

2.
为探讨小流域治理后地表水水质的时空变化规律,对川中丘陵区典型小流域截流村小流域综合治理后流域上游、中游和下游地表水的p H值、总氮(TN)、氨氮(NH+4-N)、总磷(TP)、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)进行了测定,并采用综合污染指数法对水质进行了评价。测定结果显示,截流村小流域上游和中游地表水中TN、NH+4-N和TP浓度雨季大于旱季,下游TN、NH+4-N和TP浓度旱季大于雨季;地表水TN、NH+4-N和TP浓度空间上旱季为上游中游下游,雨季为下游上游中游;地表水CODMn浓度旱季和雨季均表现为上游大于中游和下游,但不同部位之间差异不显著。综合污染指数法评价表明,截流村小流域地表水水质均属于轻度污染,污染程度旱季下游中游上游,雨季中游上游下游。研究表明农田面源污染是川中丘陵区小流域地表水的主要污染源,建议加大流域内梯田和防护林建设力度。  相似文献   

3.
不同类型原始红松林对降雨水化学特征的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
针对小兴安岭林区不同类型原始红松林对降雨水化学特性影响进行研究。结果表明:穿透雨中K+、Mg2+含量在红松人工林中最高,年均含量分别为6.803,1.352mg/L;Ca2+、Na+、Cl-含量在枫桦红松林中最高,分别为12.200,2.513,3.436mg/L;Fe、Mn、SO24-、NH4+含量在椴树红松林中最高,分别为0.036,0.011,3.598,0.483mg/L。树干茎流中K+、Na+、Mn、SO24-、Cl-和NH4+平均含量在枫桦红松林最高,分别达9.138,6.180,0.338,9.861,7.209,2.181mg/L;Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe含量在椴树红松林中最高,年均含量分别为17.860,3.320,0.131mg/L。各红松林型穿透雨中K+、SO24-、Cl-含量在秋季达最高值,Na+、Ca2+、NH4+含量在春季达最高值,Mn、Mg2+、NH4+含量在夏季达最低值。树干茎流中K+、Na+、Mg2+、Mn、SO24-、Cl-含量均表现出明显的春季含量高、夏秋季含量低的趋势,其中Na+、Mg2+、Mn、SO24-夏季含量与秋季含量差异较小(P>0.05)。不同元素大气降雨、穿透雨、树干茎流三者间关系不同。Mg2+、Fe、Mn、SO24-含量呈现树干茎流>穿透雨>大气降雨的趋势。各林冠对Ca2+春季产生淋溶作用,夏季产生吸附作用,秋季枫桦红松林和椴树红松林表现为吸附作用,云冷杉红松林和人工红松林为淋溶作用。各林型穿透雨中NH4+含量均低于大气降雨,树干茎流中NH4+含量均高于大气降雨,其中3种原始红松林树干茎流中NH4+含量明显高于红松人工林。春季除椴树红松林外,其他林型对Na+产生吸附作用。  相似文献   

4.
通过对凉水国家级自然保护区内4个林龄白桦次生林林外降雨、穿透雨、树干茎流和枯透水中的NH+4-N、NO-3-N、TN进行测定,以研究4个林龄之间氮化学性质的差异。结果表明:各元素含量在林外降雨中随季节变化较大,其平均含量(以mg/L计)排列顺序为TNNH+4-NNO-3-N;穿透雨中无机N、TN含量均在28 a白桦次生林中最低,树干茎流中NH+4-N含量在28 a中最低,NO-3-N、TN含量在41 a白桦次生林中最低,枯透水中NH+4-N、TN含量在28 a白桦次生林中最低,而NO-3-N含量在41 a中最低。  相似文献   

5.
为揭示红壤丘陵区不同土地利用类型坡地径流及氮磷流失特征,以滇中仓房小流域3种土地利用类型(林地、灌草地、农地)为研究对象,通过测定2018年雨季自然降雨过程中不同土地利用类型径流量、氮磷流失形态、质量浓度及流失量,研究了红壤丘陵区径流及氮磷流失特征。结果表明:(1)不同土地利用类型下径流量与降雨量和降雨强度均呈显著正相关,总径流量表现为:林地(20.12 L/m~2)灌草地(23.80 L/m~2)农地(34.34 L/m~2),各土地利用类型的变异系数为0.14～0.64,差异较大;(2)自然降雨条件下TN,NO~-_3-N和NH~+_4-N质量浓度均值表现为林地(3.20,2.08,0.50 mg/L)灌草地(4.09,2.57,0.58 mg/L)农地(4.95,3.16,0.88 mg/L),TP和PO~-_4-P质量浓度均值表现为林地(3.43,1.95 mg/L)灌草地(4.33,2.57 mg/L)农地(5.82,3.61 mg/L);(3)溶解态氮磷是径流水体中氮磷污染的主要污染物,其中NO~-_3-N和PO~-_4-P为径流氮磷流失的主要形态(56.81%～77.41%和50.12%～76.64%);(4)不同土地利用类型下TN和TP流失总量表现为林地(59.96,65.47 mg/m~2)灌草地(98.92,102.95 mg/m~2)农地(170.28,200.94 mg/m~2)。因此,通过在流域内增加林地和灌草地面积,开展退耕还林还草工程,可减少该流域氮磷流失量,从而减缓和防治云南红壤丘陵区水土流失。  相似文献   

6.
贵州省煤矸石堆场径流污染特征及其对溪流水质的影响   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  
通过对贵州省中部关闭煤矿区煤矸石堆场地表径流及其沉积物进行样品收集与分析,探讨了降雨-径流下煤矸石中污染物的迁移规律及其对周边地表水体质量的影响.结果表明,煤矸石堆场地表径流水的pH值变化达2.64～6.38,污染物以SO2-4,Fe和Mn为主,其浓度变化受煤矸石类型及降雨强度的影响.径流沉积物在静置或扰动下浸水3～28 d后,上覆水的pH达2.78～3.71;SO2-4,Fe,Mn的浓度变化分别为27～160 mg/L,0.3～3.9 mg/L,0.6～2.8 mg/L.降雨-径流下关闭煤矿区煤矸石堆场的地表径流对周边水体质量的影响主要表现在水体酸化及Fe,Mn污染严重.  相似文献   

7.
安吉赋石水库板栗林地地表径流污染物特征研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
在浙江省安吉县赋石水库库尾选择有代表性的板栗(Castanea mollissima)林地设置径流小区,对自然降水条件下地表径流中污染物的流失特征进行观测、研究.结果表明:2012年3-10月共观测到10次产生地表径流的降雨事件,降雨量从28.2 mm到303 mm不等;径流水中TN、NH4+-N和COD浓度与降雨量均呈现显著正相关(p=0.05),TP浓度与降雨量则呈现显著负相关(p=0.05),而NO3--N与降雨量之间没有表现显著相关性;污染物浓度COD(6.12～11.14 mg/L)＞TN(2.163～5.371 mg/L)＞NH4+-N(0.733～4.220 mg/L)＞TP(0.276～1.742 mg/L)＞NO3--N(0.035～0.433 mg/L).这些结果表明,单一经营的板栗林地表径流污染物中N、P浓度均超过引起水体富营化的阀值,对水库面源污染和水质变化形成潜在压力.  相似文献   

8.
德州引黄灌区主要河系水化学空间特征分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  
通过对德州引黄灌区主要河流及引黄灌渠水质的离子化学成分分析,探讨了引黄灌区地表水化学成分特点、水化学类型及其空间变化和主要离子来源,为长期观测引黄灌溉对该区地表水、地下水的水化学特征变化的影响及地表水、地下水的循环交换提供依据,同时为该区水环境评价以及水体污染防控提供理论指导。研究结果显示,该区地表水的pH、电导率(EC)及各主要离子含量存在明显的空间差异。水体pH的变化范围为7.65~9.34,属弱碱性水;EC的变化范围为965~1 530μs.cm 1;主要阴阳离子的浓度范围分别为:NO3 1.32~60.15 mg.L 1、SO42 53.41~781.90 mg.L 1、HCO3 143.35~823.50 mg.L 1、Cl 98.00~564.00 mg.L 1、Ca2+22.57~265.00 mg.L 1、Mg2+29.41~195.50 mg.L 1、Na+103.20~472.00 mg.L 1、K+0.83~59.05 mg.L 1。该研究区水化学类型以Na+.Ca2+—HCO3.SO42水为主。各阴离子浓度的平均值HCO3(330.45 mg.L 1)SO42(308.48mg.L 1)Cl(286.83mg.L 1)NO3(29.60 mg.L 1),阳离子浓度的平均值Na+(236.85 mg.L 1)Ca2+(98.15mg.L 1)Mg2+(82.62 mg.L 1)K+(9.05 mg.L 1)。pH、Cl的最高值均出现在马颊河流域,并且该流域Mg2+浓度均值高于其他两个流域。德惠新河流域EC、NO3和HCO3的均值最高。引黄灌渠的SO42、Na+、Ca2+和K+的平均浓度高于其他两个流域。通过Piper图分析得出,不同小流域水体类型不同。对研究区灌溉水质评价结果显示,该区地表水适合灌溉。经相关分析发现,该研究区地表水中,Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+与SO42和Cl均具有极显著的相关性,此外,Ca2+与Mg2+、Na+与K+、SO42与Cl也显示出了极显著的相关性,表明这些离子相互影响,或者具有相同的来源,受人类活动影响较大。  相似文献   

9.
在温室内,以中性紫色水稻土为基质,水稻(Oryza sativa)为植被构建了模拟稻田生态系统用以处理农村污水,研究了外源污水(TN 15.0mg/L,其中NH4+-N 13.5mg/L,NO3--N 1.5mg/L;TP 2.0mg/L)加入4种系统后,土壤和田面水中各种形态氮、磷、pH等的动态变化。结果表明,外源污水加入后3d土壤中NH4+-N、NO3--N、pH均达到峰值,其中NH4+-N 29.4～46.5mg/kg,NO3--N 12.3～21.4mg/kg,pH 7.9～9.1,完全施肥处理显著高于减量施肥处理,垄作与平作之间差异不显著。7d后NH4+-N、NO3--N、pH显著降低,处理之间差异不显著。外源污水加入后3d,土壤中NH4+-N增加了5.76～9.70g/m2,显著高于田面水中NH4+-N的损失量1.15～1.34g/m2,田面水和土壤中NO3--N分别上升了0.64～0.91g/m2和2.02～4.12g/m2。表明田面水中NH4+-N的减少可能对土壤中NH4+-N的升高有一定的贡献,而田面水中NO3--N的增加量可能来自土壤。土壤中碱解氮和Olsen-P浓度均在污水加入后1d达到峰值,完全施肥处理显著高于减量施肥处理,垄作与平作之间差异不显著。土壤中TN和TP在试验期间有下降的趋势,但是差异不显著。相同施肥条件下,垄作较平作能够获得更高的生物产量,意味着能够带走更多的氮、磷。  相似文献   

10.
生态槽净化污染河水的动态试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
研究生态槽对污染河水的动态净化效果。结果表明,污染河水CODCr、水力停留时间和水温分别为48～77mg/L,8.7d和12.0～27.7℃时,生态槽出水CODCr、NH4+-N和TP平均浓度为17.28mg/L,0.23mg/L和0.15mg/L。污染河水经各级生态槽处理后,CODCr和TOC的平均去除率分别达71.95%和42.46%,其中根系发达的大薸生态槽对有机物的去除作用最为显著;NH4+-N、TN和TP的平均去除率分别达97.96%,69.63%和97.84%,且TN的去除主要通过植物吸收NH4+-N,TP的去除主要是通过植物的吸收作用。粉绿狐尾藻的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率及生物量最大,大薸和圆币草次之;大薸须根发达,可为微生物的附着提供载体;圆币草则有利于提高水体的DO水平。  相似文献   

11.
Groundwater in the Rio de las Avenidas sub-basin corresponds to the bicarbonate-sodium and bicarbonate-calcium hydrochemical facies, which result from the mineralization of water passing through alkaline rocks (andesites) which prevail in this basin. However, the presence of high concentrations of Na+ and K+ reveals the existence of an external inflow of these elements: the registered mean values are respectively 94.3 and 19.0 ppm, with the Tèllez and Tizayuca areas standing out with reported values of up to 142 ppm. As for the concentration of soluble water cations, we find in decreasing order: Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+,along with the anions HCO3 -, Cl-, SO4 2-, CO3 -, which combine to form the NaHCO3, NaCl, Ca(HCO3 2, MgSO4 and KCl salts. The presence of biological contaminants, P and detergents in the groundwater indicates that it may have been contaminated by waste water. In addition to the contaminants mentioned above, large quantities of Pb, B, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cr, Co were detected and although Fe, Pb, Zn, B,and Mn are closely related to the local lithology, the high concentrations of these elements along with the occurrence of Co, Cr, Cd, and Ni confirm the gradual degradation of the aquifers in the sub-basin. The water temperature indicates the existence of low temperature thermal processes in the area.  相似文献   

12.
Forested headwater streams in the Catskill Mountains of New York show significant among-catchment variability in mean annual nitrate (NO3 -) concentrations. Large contributions from deep groundwater with high NO3 -concentrations have been invoked to explain high NO3 -concentrations in stream water during the growing season. To determine whether variable contributions of groundwater couldexplain among-catchment differences in streamwater, we measuredNO3 - concentrations in 58 groundwater seeps distributed across six catchments known to have different annual average streamwater concentrations. Seeps were identified based on release from bedrock fractures and beddingplanes and had consistently lower temperatures than adjacentstreamwaters. Nitrate concentrations in seeps ranged from neardetection limits (0.005 mg NO3 --N/L) to 0.75 mg NO3 --N/L. Within individual catchments, groundwaterresidence time does not seem to strongly affect NO3 -concentrations because in three out of four catchments therewere non-significant correlations between seep silica (SiO2) concentrations, a proxy for residence time, andseep NO3 - concentrations. Across catchments, therewas a significant but weak negative relationship betweenNO3 - and SiO2 concentrations. The large rangein NO3 - concentrations of seeps across catchmentssuggests: 1) the principal process generating among-catchmentdifferences in streamwater NO3 - concentrations mustinfluence water before it enters the groundwater flow system and 2) this process must act at large spatial scales becauseamong-catchment variability is much greater than intra-catchmentvariability. Differences in the quantity of groundwater contribution to stream baseflow are not sufficient to account for differences in streamwater NO3 - concentrationsamong catchments in the Catskill Mountains.  相似文献   

13.
Discharge to concentration relationships for eight streams studied by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (U.S. EPA) Long-Term Monitoring Project (1983–89) indicate acidification of some streams by H2SO4 and HNO3 in atmospheric deposition and by organic acids in soils. Concentrations of major ions in precipitation were similar to those reported at other sites in the northeastern United States. Average concentrations of SO4 2? and NO3 ? were similar among streams, but base cation concentrations differed widely, and these differences paralleled the differences in acid neutralizing capacity (ANC). Baseflow ANC is not a reliable predictor of stream acidity at high flow; some streams with high baseflow ANC (>150 Μeq L?1) declined to near zero ANC at high flow, and one stream with low baseflow ANC (<50 Μeq L?1) did not approach zero ANC as flow increased. Episodic decreases in ANC and pH during peak flows were associated with increased concentrations of NO3 ? and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Aluminum concentrations exceeding 300 Μg L?1 were observed during peak flows in headwater streams of the Neversink River and Rondout Creek. Seasonal Kendall Tau tests for temporal trends indicate that SO4 2? concentrations in streamwater generally decreased and NO3 ? concentrations increased during the period 1983–1989. Combined acid anion concentrations (SO4 2? + NO3 ?) were generally unchanged throughout the period of record, indicating both that the status of these streams with respect to acidic deposition is unchanged, and that NO3 ? is gradually replacing SO4 2? as the dominant acid anion in the Catskill streams.  相似文献   

14.
The recovery potential of stream acidification from years of acidic deposition is dependent on biogeochemical processes and varies among different acid-sensitive regions. Studies that investigate long-term trends and seasonal variability of stream chemistry in the context of atmospheric deposition and watershed setting provide crucial assessments on governing biogeochemical processes. In this study, water chemistries were investigated in Noland Divide watershed (NDW), a high-elevation watershed in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM) of the southern Appalachian region. Monitoring data from 1991 to 2007 for deposition and stream water chemistries were statistically analyzed for long-term trends and seasonal patterns by using Seasonal Kendall Tau tests. Precipitation declined over this study period, where throughfall (TF) declined significantly by 5.76?cm?year?1. Precipitation patterns play a key role in the fate and transport of acid pollutants. On a monthly volume-weighted basis, pH of TF and wet deposition, and stream water did not significantly change over time remaining around 4.3, 4.7, and 5.8, respectively. Per NDW area, TF SO4 2- flux declined 356.16?eq?year?1 and SO4 2- concentrations did not change significantly over time. Stream SO4 2- remained about 30???eq L?1 exhibiting no long-term trends or seasonal patterns. SO4 2- retention was generally greater during drier months. TF monthly volume-weighted NH4 + and NO3 - concentrations significantly increased by 0.80???eq L?1?year?1 and 1.24???eq L?1?year?1, respectively. TF NH4 + fluxes increased by 95.76?eq?year?1. Most of NH4 + was retained in the watershed, and NO3 - retention was much lower than NH4 +. Stream monthly volume-weighted NO3 - concentrations and fluxes significantly declined by 0.56???eq L?1?year?1 and 139.56?eq?year?1, respectively. Overall, in NDW, inorganic nitrogen was exported before 1999 and retained since then, presumably from forest regrowth after Frazer fir die-off in the 1970s from balsam wooly adelgid infestation. Stream export of NO3 - was greater during winter than summer months. During the period from 1999 to 2007, stream base cations did not exhibit significant changes, apparently regulated by soil supply. Statistical models predicting stream pH, ANC, SO4 2-, and NO3 - concentrations were largely correlated with stream discharge and number of dry days between precipitation events and SO4 2- deposition. Dependent on precipitation, governing biogeochemical processes in NDW appear to be SO4 2- adsorption, nitrification, and NO3 - forest uptake. This study provided essential information to aid the GRSM management for developing predictive models of the future water quality and potential impacts from climate change.  相似文献   

15.
In central Ontario, elevated SO4 concentrations and export have been measured in both upland and wetland-draining catchments following summer droughts, although the source of excess SO4 is unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of drying and re-wetting and temperature, respectively, on the release of SO4 from the primary S pools in wetlands (Sphagnum and peat) and uplands (forest floor and mineral soil), using material collected from the PC1 catchment in Haliburton County, and from catchment S50 in the Turkey Lakes Watershed. Peat exhibited the most marked response to drying of the four materials considered, and within 24 h of re-wetting dried peat from both catchments released 3-4 times more SO4 (50-67 mg kg−1 S-SO4) than continuously moist peat (16 mg kg−1 S-SO4), although temperature had only a marginal effect on SO4 concentrations. There was no immediate response of Sphagnum to either drying or temperature, although S-SO4 concentrations in Sphagnum tended to increase over the 30-day (d) incubation. There was a small but immediate increase in S-SO4 concentrations in forest floor material (LFH) from both catchments within the first 24 h of incubation, which was greatest in treatments that were dried and/or incubated at a higher temperature. In contrast, neither temperature nor drying appeared to affect SO4 release from mineral soil collected from either site. Results of laboratory incubations suggest that increases in SO4 concentration that have been reported in wetland-draining streams immediately following summer dry periods may be quantitatively explained by drying and re-wetting of peat rather than increased mineralization in Sphagnum. Similarly, the higher SO4 concentrations that have been measured in upland streams following summer droughts may in part be due to enhanced SO4 release from the forest floor following drying and re-wetting. In contrast, while the mineral soil constitutes a large pool of total S, it does not appear to be responsive to changes in moisture or temperature in the short-term (<30 d) and therefore likely does not contribute to reported climate-related temporal variations in stream SO4.  相似文献   

16.
In French Brittany, water pollution with nitrate due tointensive agriculture has become one of the major environmentalconcerns. In this article, the nitrate, sulfate and chlorideconcentrations from the groundwater and the stream of a first-order agricultural watershed, are analyzed to infer the mechanisms responsible for the distribution and transfer of nitrate within the watershed. The aquifer is constituted by three layers: the thin soil cover, the weathered shale and thefissured shale. The weathered shale groundwater appears to bea large reservoir of nitrate in the watershed. Indeed the amount of nitrate is estimated at about 450 kg N ha-1, 5 to 9 times the total annual nitrate flux in the stream. In the upslope zones, this groundwater exhibited high nitrate concentrations (up to 138.4±10.5 mg NO3 - L-1), which decreased along the flow paths towards the stream (77.1±13.8 mg NO3 - L-1). Unlike nitrate, sulfate concentrations showed an increase from uphillto downhill (from 6.1±0.8 to 12.5±5.4 mg SO4 2- L-1) with little change in chloride concentrations. These patterns are presumed to result from upward flows from fissured shale groundwater where denitrification by oxidation of pyrite occurs with sulfate as end product. A scheme of nitrate transfer is proposed where stream discharge would result from the mixing of three end members which are: uphill weathered groundwater, deep groundwater and water in the uppermost soil horizons ofthe bottomlands. Temporal variability of nitrate concentrationsin base flow reflects changes in the relative contribution of each end member.  相似文献   

17.
A simple mass flux model was developed to simulate the response of SO4 2- concentrations in surface waters to past and anticipated future changes in atmospheric deposition of SO4 2-. Values of bulk (or wet) SO4 2- deposition and dry deposition of S determined from measured air concentrations and a deposition velocity were insufficient to balance watershed SO4 2- export at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH and for a regional survey of watersheds in the northeastern U.S. We propose two explanations for the unmeasured S source: 1) a significant underestimation of dry S deposition, and/or 2) internal watershed S sources, such as weathering and/or mineralization of soil organic S. Model simulations based on these two mechanisms agreed closely with measured stream SO4 2- concentrations at Hubbard Brook. Close agreement between measured and model predicted results precluded identification of which of the two mechanisms controlled long-term trends in stream SO4 2-. Model simulations indicated that soil adsorption reactions significantly delayed the response of stream water to declines in SO4 2- inputs since 1970, but could not explain the discrepancy in watershed S budgets. Extrapolation of model predictions into the future demonstrates that uncertainty in the source of the S imbalance in watersheds has important implications for assessments of the recovery of surface water acid neutralizing capacity in response to anticipated future reductions in SO2 emissions.  相似文献   

18.
以克拉玛依人工碳汇林区的土壤可溶性盐分离子、地下水矿化度和植被为研究对象, 综合运用描述性统计和相关性分析等方法, 研究其景观地球化学特征, 旨在通过对克拉玛依人工碳汇林区的景观地球化学特征的研究, 为这一地区盐渍化土壤改良和沙漠化防治提供理论依据。结果表明: 克拉玛依人工碳汇林区土壤Cl-、SO42-、Ca2+在0~80 cm范围内变异系数较大, 80~100 cm范围内, 土壤总盐和各离子变异系数相对较小; 盐分表聚现象严重; 该地区盐土类型主要是硫酸盐型, 其中SO42-和Na++K+为土壤可溶性盐的主要成分。研究区地下水呈弱碱性, 除HCO3-外, 其他离子和矿化度表现出较强的变异性; 地下水的化学类型主要为Cl·SO4-Na, 矿化度和Cl-、SO42-、Na++K+相关系数较为显著。种植人工碳汇林后, 除土壤HCO3-含量有轻微上升外, 其他离子均有所下降, 其中SO42-含量的降低趋势最为明显。俄罗斯杨林分土壤含盐量随种植年限的增长明显降低, 种植后的土壤盐渍化状况有明显改善。  相似文献   

19.
为明确不同物种组成和群落结构的河岸林对降雨再分配及其养分特征的影响,于2014年5—10月对辽东山地典型河岸林群落(落叶松林、蒙古栎林和槭树林)大气降雨、穿透雨和树干茎流过程及其水质特征进行研究。结果表明:落叶松林、蒙古栎林和槭树林穿透雨量分别占大气降雨量的81.9%,77.9%,73.1%,树干茎流量分别占大气降雨量的1.2%,4.4%,4.3%。与大气降雨相比,穿透雨和树干茎流中铵态氮、氯离子、硝态氮和总磷的浓度较高,不同林型铵态氮、氯离子、硝态氮和总磷的浓度和输入量差异显著。不同物种组成和群落结构的河岸林通过树木的形态特征及群落的结构特征对降雨进行再分配,通过林冠表层的物理特征、化学特征和生理特性等改变降雨理化性质,加之雨量、雨强的影响共同作用使铵态氮、氯离子、硝态氮和总磷的浓度和输入量发生改变。  相似文献   

20.
DOC concentrations in two streams of different hydrologic order are highly variable with the higher order stream exhibiting approximately a 3 mo response lag. Seasonal variation of SO4 concentration and flux are similar in both streams and do not reflect the seasonal patterns in precipitation. The basins store SO4 from May to November and lose SO4 from December to April. Consequently, SO4 concentrations and flux are maximum during January to March and reach a minimum during July to September. The highly organic lower order stream exhibits relatively stable pH controlled by two competing mechanisms. The pH is dominated by organic acids during the summer and autumn and by mineral acids during the late winter and early spring. In the higher order system, the pH tends to be inversely related to changes in SO4 concentration. These observations suggest that organic systems do respond to acidic deposition but that in some systems mineral acid influence may be restricted to the winter and spring.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号