共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Jessing Karina K. Andresen Marianne Cedergreen Nina 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2014,225(6):1-12
Oil spills impose serious damage to the environment. A spilled crude oil or its products affect aquatic flora and fauna and influence the atmosphere as well. Such pollutants are especially dangerous for the water ecosystems, where biological self-purification processes are slower (for example the Baltic Sea), than in warmer regions. In this paper, we evaluate a sorption capacity of ecologically friendly natural sorbents, when the crude oil and diesel are spilled on the surface of water. The experiments are carried out in the laboratory, and the water from the Lithuanian Baltic Sea coastline and Curonian Lagoon is used. Moss, straw, wool, sawdust, and peat are the natural sorbents evaluated during the experiments. Chromatographic analysis of crude oil and diesel during the process of sorption was conducted as well. An experiment with some synthetic sorbents was carried out to compare the results with natural ones. The experiments showed that the most suitable material for crude oil or diesel fuel spilled on the water surface is peat. As well, Lagergren’s model was adopted to the case of the sorption processes we have investigated. It can be exploited as a decision support tool while deciding the required time interval to achieve maximum sorption capacity of the sorbent in use. 相似文献
2.
Removal of Copper and Cadmium Ions from Diluted Aqueous Solutions by Low Cost and Waste Material Adsorbents 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Ulmanu Mihaela Marañón Elena Fernández Yolanda Castrillón Leonor Anger Ildiko Dumitriu Daniela 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2003,142(1-4):357-373
The sorption of copper and cadmium ions using activated carbon,kaolin, bentonite, diatomite and waste materials such as compost,cellulose pulp waste and anaerobic sludge as sorbents is reported. Equilibrium isotherms were obtained for the adsorption of these metals in single and binary solutions. Bentonite presented the highest adsorption capacities for both copper and cadmium. A competitive uptake was observed when both metals are present; copper being preferentially adsorbed by all materials with theexception of anaerobic sludge. Equilibrium data were fitted toLangmuir and Freundlich models, with satisfactory results for most of the adsorbent-metal systems studied.Of all the adsorbents studied, bentonite and compost presentedthe highest removal efficiencies, reaching 99% for copper whencadmium is also present, for initial solution concentrations ofup to 100 mg L-1. Anaerobic sludge has a greater preferencefor cadmium, even in the presence of copper, with removal efficiencies of 98% for similar concentrations to those mentioned above. 相似文献
3.
为探究利用废弃农业生物质制备两性吸附材料处理含Pb2+和As5+废水方法,该文通过醚化反应将2种具有"钳形"|结构的改性剂（阳离子改性剂IA和阴离子改性剂IM）接枝到小麦秸秆的纤维素上,制备高效两性吸附材料WS-IAIM。利用扫描电镜、红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱对其结构进行表征。通过批量处理试验,研究了该材料对水中Pb2+和As5+的去除能力和可能的吸附机理,探讨了其吸附动力学和热力学。结果表明：随着溶液pH值的增加,吸附剂对Pb2+的吸附量增大,对As5+的吸附量减少,吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附等温模型和拟二级动力学模型。根据Langmuir模型,在313 K时,对Pb2+和As5+的理论最大吸附量分别180.12和27.48 mg/g。吸附热力学和动力学结果表明,该吸附是一个自发的化学吸热过程。WS-IAIM对Pb2+和As5+的吸附过程吸附机理以离子交换和络合作用为主。该吸附材料重复使用5次后,对2种重金属离子的吸附量仍然可达159.3和19.8 mg/g。研究结果可为农作物秸秆的源化利用和水体环境中复杂重金属净化提供理论依据。 相似文献
4.
Ishani Khurana Amit Saxena Bharti Jitender M. Khurana Pramod Kumar Rai 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2017,228(5):180
Water contamination has reached an alarming state due to industrialization and urbanization and has become a worldwide issue. Dyes contaminate water and are addressed extensively by researchers. Various technologies and materials have been developed for the treatment of contaminated water. Among them, adsorption has attracted great attention due to its ease and cost-effective nature. In recent years, graphene-based composites have shown great potential for the removal of contaminants from water. The literature reveals the usefulness of composites of graphene with metal oxides, carbon derivatives, metal hybrids and polymers for the removal of organic dyes from contaminated water. In this review, efforts have been made to compile the studies on the removal of cationic and anionic dyes from water using graphene-based composites. 相似文献
5.
Effluents from petroleum refineries contain a diverse range of pollutants including heavy metals. They also contain oil and grease, phenols, sulphides, dissolved solids, suspended solids and BOD-bearing materials. An overview of heavy metal removal from industrial effluents with emphasis on biological methods is given. Results of studies to remove heavy metals in effluents from a petroleum refinery by water hyacinth were presented. Limited success has been demonstrated for the case of iron and zinc, but further work needs to be done. There is a need to strike the right balance between the possible amount of uptake of heavy metal ions and the tendency to suffocate the ecosystem through the depletion and reduction of light and dissolved oxygen. Similarly there is a need for better understanding of the process of enhancement of the capability the water hyacinth to uptake heavy metal ions before the on-set of toxic accumulation. 相似文献
6.
以农林生物质为原材料,通过加入铁磁性助剂制备铁炭复合材料是农林生物质高值化利用和受污染水体及土壤治理的重要途径。铁炭复合材料具有高比表面积、丰富表面官能团和优异吸附性能,能够通过表面物理吸附和氧化还原作用,快速吸附污水中的重金属离子,并在外部磁场的吸引下实现快速分离回收和循环使用。该研究论述了不同制备方法的铁炭复合材料及其材料性能,对其去除有机染料污染物、治理污水和土壤重金属的研究现状及发展动态进行了分析和讨论。在此基础上,结合铁炭复合材料的结构发育机理和污水治理及土壤改良的产业发展现状,提出了兼顾低成本、易合成、高效益的复合材料制备方式建议,以期为其在环境污染治理中的广泛应用提供理论和实践参考,进而推动农林生物质资源化高值利用,助力生态环境的绿色低碳高质量发展。 相似文献
7.
Van Minh Dang Hoa Thi Minh Duong Duy Hai Nguyen Lan Huong Nguyen 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2020,66(2):379-388
ABSTRACT
In
-situ sorbent amendment is a relatively low-cost, low-impact approach for remediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals (HMs), and thus is considered a way to be favored in developing countries. In this study, materials of non-hazardous, alkaline agronomic and industrial by-products were used as sorbents to explore their capacity of in situ immobilization of multiple HMs in mining-impacted arable soil. These sorbents included fly ash (FA), biochar (BC) and apatite (AP) and they were implemented with varying ratios of combinations. Results of soil microcosm tests showed that after incubation for 90 days, concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Cd in their exchangeable forms determined by a sequential extraction method significantly decreased in amended soils, as opposed to the unamended control. Of the five sets of amendments, the composite of FA, BC, and AP resulted in the maximum reduction (up to 80%) in the mobility of Pb, Zn, and Cd in soils. The mechanisms underlying the immobilization of HMs in amended soils might involve processes of surface precipitation, ion exchange and complexation, in which the physicochemical properties of sorbent materials played an important role. The immobilization efficacy of sorbent amendments on HMs in soil was further supported by pot experiments in which significant inhibition of HM accumulation in the belowground and aboveground tissues of maize was observed after 50-day cultivation in amended soils as compared with control soil. Together, these results suggest that the application of cost-saving and environmentally friendly materials derived from wastes as sorbents to remediate soils contaminated with multiple HMs is promising for developing countries like Vietnam. 相似文献8.
Mitter Eduardo Kovalski dos Santos Graziely Cristina de Almeida Érica Janaína Rodrigues Morão Luana Galvão Rodrigues Heide Dayane Prates Corso Carlos Renato 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(2):765-770
With the development of the textile industry, there has been a demand for dye removal from contaminated effluents. In recent
years, attention has been directed toward various natural solid materials that are capable of removing pollutants from contaminated
water at low cost. One such material is sugarcane bagasse. The aim of the present study was to evaluate adsorption of the
dye Acid Violet Alizarin N with different concentrations of sugarcane bagasse and granulometry in agitated systems at different
pH. The most promising data (achieved with pH 2.5) was analyzed with both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms equations. The
model that better fits dye adsorption interaction into sugarcane bagasse is Freundlich equation, and thus the multilayer model.
Moreover, a smaller bagasse granulometry led to greater dye adsorption. The best treatment was achieved with a granulometry
value lower than 0.21 mm at pH 2.50, in which the total removal was estimated at a concentration of 16.25 mg mL−1. Hence, sugarcane bagasse proves to be very attractive for dye removal from textile effluents. 相似文献
9.
Wenqin Wu Yan Yang Haihui Zhou Tingting Ye Zhongyuan Huang Rui Liu Yafei Kuang 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2013,224(1):1-8
Chemical reagents used by the textile industry are very diverse in their composition, ranging from inorganic compounds to polymeric compounds. Strong color is the most notable characteristic of textile effluents, and a large number of processes have been employed for color removal. In recent years, attention has been directed toward various natural solid materials that are able to remove pollutants from contaminated water at low cost, such as sugarcane bagasse. Cell immobilization has emerged as an alternative that offers many advantages in the biodegradation process, including the reuse of immobilized cells and high mechanical strength, which enables metabolic processes to occur under adverse conditions of pH, sterility, and agitation. Support treatment also increases the number of charges on the surface, thereby facilitating cell immobilization processes through adsorption and ionic bonds. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) is a polycationic compound known to have a positive effect on enzyme activity and stability. The aim of the present study was to investigate a low-cost alternative for the biodegradation and bioremediation of textile dyes, analyzing Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilization in activated bagasse for the promotion of Acid Black 48 dye biodegradation in an aqueous solution. A 1 % concentration of a S. cerevisiae suspension was evaluated to determine cell immobilization rates. Once immobilization was established, biodegradation assays with free and immobilized yeast in PEI-treated sugarcane bagasse were evaluated for 240 h using UV–vis spectrophotometry. The analysis revealed significant relative absorbance values, indicating the occurrence of biodegradation in both treatments. Therefore, S. cerevisiae immobilized in sugarcane bagasse is very attractive for use in biodegradation processes for the treatment of textile effluents. 相似文献
10.
Hemda Garelick Agnieszka Dybowska Eugenia Valsami-Jones Nicholas Priest 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2005,5(3):182-190
- Arsenic is a toxic metalloid element that is now recognised to be an important contaminant of drinking water – particularly,
but not exclusively, in poor regions of southern Asia. In effected regions, many millions are at risk of arsenic-induced disease
and strategies are required to provide safe water for consumption. The main strategies available are mitigation (the provision
of alternative arsenic-free water) and remediation (arsenic removal from extracted water). Consideration of local conditions
suggests that for many areas remediation, at an affordable cost, is the only practical option. Remediation technologies are
available, but most have been developed for industrial-scale arsenic removal at central water treatment plants. The options
for local / personal treatment of water are less well developed. The available methods include arsenic removal by precipitation
/ co-precipitation and filtration, removal by adsorption onto artificial and natural sorbents, water softening with lime,
ion exchange onto activated alumina, membrane processes and bioremediation. This review considers the technical aspects and
the appropriateness of these options. 相似文献
11.
Rodríguez-Cruz MS Andrades MS Parada AM Sánchez-Martín MJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(16):7339-7346
The sorption-desorption of two different pesticides, linuron and metalaxyl, by woods was studied. Sorbent/solution ratio and sorption kinetics were also determined. Untreated wood and water, NaOH, HCl, and octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (ODTMA) treated pine (softwood) and oak (hardwood) were used as sorbents. Linuron and metalaxyl were sorbed by untreated woods up to 80 and 40%, respectively, in a short time when the sorbent/solution ratio of 1:10 was used. Sorption of pesticides was significantly higher by pine, having higher lignin content, than by oak. Freundlich sorption constants (K(f)) were 96.2 and 74.4 (linuron) and 8.28 and 4.95 (metalaxyl) for untreated pine and oak woods and increased 1.04-2.35-fold (linuron) and 1.33-2.17-fold (metalaxyl) when woods were treated. The sorption was higher by HCl- and ODTMA-treated woods. Additionally, Freundlich desorption constants also indicated greater sorption irreversibility of both pesticides for treated woods than for untreated woods. The results revealed wood residues as a promising, low-cost, and environmentally friendly material to immobilize pesticides in soils, preventing water contamination. Wood treatments aimed at removing soluble wood extracts or at modifying wood chemical structure could increase their sorption capacity. 相似文献
12.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(11-12):1670-1679
Abstract Arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr) are two of the most toxic pollutants introduced into natural waters from a variety of sources, and they cause various adverse effects on living bodies when their concentrations exceed permissible limits. Laboratory experiments have been conducted to investigate the sorption of As and Cr on carbon steel and removal of trace elements from drinking water with a household filtration process. The affinity of As and Cr species for iron/iron carbide (Fe/Fe3C) sites is the key factor in controlling the removal of the elements. The method is based on the use of powder carbon steel, powdered block carbon, and ball ceramic in the ion‐sorption columns as a cleaning process. The presence of carbon steel in a system that contains As3+ and Cr6+ might have a potential effect. 相似文献
13.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(19-20):3193-3204
Abstract Contamination of soils by heavy metals is one of the environmental problems that the scientific community faces today. Such soils are difficult to treat because the heavy metals cannot be destroyed. Moreover, they are usually bonded with other contaminants, in particular organic ones. The presence of these organic pollutants can make the removal of metals from soils substantially more complicated. One way of coping with the problem which has been studied in recent years is the use of fixing agents which make the heavy metals unavailable to the plants, or prevent their leaching towards the groundwater. Inorganic fixing agents in particular have been tested and found to be suitable, but some organic ones can also be used, at least as temporary fixing materials. This paper gives preliminary results on remediation techniques using compost and Trichoderma viride Pers.: Fr. as heavy metal fixing agents. 相似文献
14.
阿特拉津在土壤, 矿物质及堆肥中的吸附, 运输和转化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Atrazine is a widely used herbicide for controlling weeds on both agricultural and nonagricultural land,which is equally detected in water supplies beyond safe concentrations.Although the presence of atrazine metabolites is an indication of herbicide degradation,some of them still exhibit toxicity,greater water solubility and weaker interaction with soil components than atrazine.Hence,studies with atrazine in the environment are of interest because of its potential to contaminate drinking water sources.Data on atrazine availability for transport,plant uptake,and microbial degradation and mineralization are therefore required to perform more comprehensive and realistic environmental risk assessments of its environmental fate.This review presents an account of the sorption-desorption phenomenon of atrazine on soil and other sorbents by revisiting the several mechanisms of atrazine-sorbent binding reported in the literature.The retention and transport of atrazine in soils;the influence of organic matter on atrazine sorption;the interactions of atrazine with humic substances,atrazine uptake by plants,atrazine bioccumulation and microbial degradation;atrazine transformation in composting environments;and finally atrazine removal by biosorption are discussed. 相似文献
15.
生物膜修复技术凭借其高效性、安全性和经济性，已被广泛应用于土壤中难降解污染物的去除。其中，群体感应效应在生物膜修复过程中起着至关重要的作用。群体感应是微生物普遍存在的细胞间通讯形式，有助于生物膜内不同细菌种内/种间的信息交流，使微生物能够在“群体水平”上相互协作，能够调控生物膜胞外聚合物的生成以及对污染物的吸附固定与降解。本文在简要介绍生物膜和群体感应的功能和作用基础上，结合近年来群体感应调控生物膜形成以及对污染物的降解基础上，综述了群体感应在生物膜修复技术中的应用，最后对生物膜群体感应系统在污染土壤修复中的工程化设计进行了展望。 相似文献
16.
Fernández-Pérez M Villafranca-Sánchez M Flores-Céspedes F Garrido-Herrera FJ Pérez-García S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(17):6697-6703
Controlled release systems (CRS), unlike the conventional formulations, facilitate a gradual and controlled discharge of the pesticides, reducing the losses by evaporation and leaching and minimizing pesticide pollution. In this study, carbofuran-an insecticide-nematicide identified as a groundwater pollutant-was incorporated in alginate-based granules to obtain controlled release properties. The effect on carbofuran release rate caused by the incorporation of bentonite, activated carbon, and different mixtures of both sorbents in alginate basic formulation was studied by immersion of the granules in water. The water uptake, sorption capacity of the sorbent, permeability, and time taken for 50% of the active ingredient to be released into water, T(50), were calculated by the comparison of the preparations. T(50) values were higher for those formulations containing bentonite and/or activated carbon (T(50) values range from 14.76 h for the alginate formulation containing only bentonite as the sorbent to 29.5 weeks for the alginate formulation containing only activated carbon as the sorbent) than for the preparation without these sorbents (11.72 h). On the basis of a parameter of an empirical equation used to fit the insecticide-nematicide release data, it appears that the release of carbofuran from the various formulations into water is controlled by a diffusion mechanism. The sorption capacity of the sorbents for carbofuran was the most important factor modulating carbofuran release. In addition, it was observed that there is a linear correlation of the T(50) values and the content of activated carbon in dry granules. 相似文献
17.
In water and waste treatment, cationic polyelectrolytes can function as either primary coagulant or coagulant aid because they are positively charged. It has been known that most of the colloidal and suspended impurities in natural water have negative surface charges. Cationic polyelectrolyte will neutralize the impurities or pollutants, then agglomerate them into larger masses for rapid solid-water separation by sedimentation, flotation, centrifugation, filtration, or reverse osmosis. Anionic polyelectrolyte are negatively charged and function as coagulants in water and waste treatment. They must be applied along with positively charged coagulants which neutralizes the negative charge on the colloidal and suspended impurities. In a water softening process, where precipitation particles are positively charged, however, anionic polyelectrolytes alone can coagulate. Nonionic organic polymers, however, can only function as coagulant aids which should be introduced at a point shortly after flocculation first occurs. Nonionic polymers will coat the existing floc particles so that when the flocs collide, they will adhere to one another, thus forming larger and heavier masses. This paper initially describes the various applications of organic polymers in the fields of environmental, chemical and biomedical engineering. Subsequently a new technique for the accurate, quantitative determination of polyelectrolytes in the 0.00002 N to 0.005 N concentration range is introduced. The principles, apparatus, reagents, and analytical procedures of the method are presented in detail. The test procedure developed can also measure the net charges of colloidal substances, this can be used for chemical coagulation process control. 相似文献
18.
污染胁迫下的分子生物标志物和分子诊断技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在环境科学领域中,细胞和分子水平的生物标志物由于其特异性和实用性等优点,在近年来已经被广泛认可。传统的分子生物标志物,如超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、丙二醛(malonaldehyde,MDA)、8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine,8-OHdG)等,往往只能表征某类胁迫的程度,但却不能解释损伤和响应发生的分子机理,也不能精确地指示环境污染物的种类。新技术(高效液相色谱,气质联用,酶联免疫法等)的发展提升了传统分子生物标志物的检测灵敏度和特异性。为了加深对分子毒理学机理,筛选和确定新的分子生物标志物,一些新技术常着眼于提高筛选通量,提升可操作性和降低成本(如组学技术,单细胞凝胶电泳,报告生物体)。分子诊断的概念起初来源于临床诊断,转而被引入到环境科学研究中来,因为环境和人体一样是一个复杂的系统,环境污染可以看作一个复杂系统的疾病。为了更快更有效地筛选合适的生物标志物,需要广泛开展对模式生物的组学研究和致毒分子机制的研究。同时,也应注意研究过程中的标准化(如谨慎选择暴露浓度和时间,代表物种和其特定的生活史阶段)。 相似文献
19.
Agricultural solid wastes either in natural or in modified forms have been successfully used for decades as non-conventional cost-effective adsorbents for removing metal ions and dyes from their aqueous phase and have been recognized as a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment. Therefore, this review article provides extensive literature information about heavy metals and dyes, their classifications and toxicity, various treatment methods with emphasis on adsorption characteristics by numerous agricultural solid wastes, or agricultural solid waste-derived adsorbents under various physicochemical process conditions. This review article not only provided an up-to-date information on the application of sustainable low-cost alternative adsorbents such as agricultural solid wastes, agricultural by-products, and biomass-based cost-effective activated carbon and various other natural materials in the batch adsorptive removal of heavy metal and dye from aqueous phase but also presented a comprehensive compilation of adsorptive pollutant removal information based on various reported continuous column operation studies which is one of the new aspect to this review article. The effectiveness of various batch and column operational process parameters on mechanistic adsorptive removal of both heavy metals and dyes by various agricultural solid waste-based adsorbents has been critically discussed here. Batch and column adsorption mechanism, batch kinetics, column dynamic modeling, and adsorptive behavior of adsorbents under various process parameters have also been critically analyzed and compared. Finally, literature information on recovery and regeneration through desorption techniques and cost comparison of various agricultural solid waste adsorbents with commercial activated carbons have also been reported here. Conclusions have been drawn from the literature reviewed, and few suggestions for future research direction are proposed. 相似文献
20.
Adsorption and ion exchange: basic principles and their application in food processing 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A comprehensive overview of adsorption and ion exchange technology applied for food and nutraceutical production purposes is given in the present paper. Emanating from these fields of application, the main adsorbent and ion-exchange resin materials, their historical development, industrial production, and the main parameters characterizing these sorbents are covered. Furthermore, adsorption and ion exchange processes are detailed, also providing profound insights into kinetics, thermodynamics, and equilibrium model assumptions. In addition, the most important industrial adsorber and ion exchange processes making use of vessels and columns are summarized. Finally, an extensive overview of selected industrial applications of these technologies is provided, which is divided into general applications, food production applications, and the recovery of valuable bio- and technofunctional compounds from the byproducts of plant food processing, which may be used as natural food additives or for their potential health-beneficial effects in functional or enriched foods and nutraceuticals. 相似文献