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1.
使用地面平行观测资料,就甘肃陇东黄土高原作物冬小麦对气候变暖的响应进行初步比较分析.结果表明:1981年以来,冬小麦对气候变暖的响应主要表征为全生育期与越冬期缩短,返青期与成熟期提前;各发育阶段对增温的响应差异明显,增温使营养生长阶段的返青～起身～拔节和生殖生长阶段的开花及成熟日期提前,乳熟日期和开花～成熟期间的总日数无明显变化,但增温使开花～乳熟有延长趋势,使乳熟～成熟有缩短趋势.产量随平均最低气温的升高和≥0℃、≥5℃、≥10℃及≥15℃积温的增加而增加,随≥20℃积温的增加而减少,表明乳熟期的高温天气对冬小麦产量有逼熟减产的负作用.  相似文献   

2.
通过对渭北旱塬区永寿、风翔、蒲城、旬邑4个农业气象试验站1971年到2010年冬小麦观测数据以及30个县市区同期气象资料同步观测分析,得出渭北旱塬区气候近40年来增温明显,且以冬季和春季增温最为显著。受气候变化影响,本区域冬小麦播种期、越冬期推迟,返青期、拔节期、抽穗期、成熟期等发育期普遍提前,以返青期提前最为显著,相关性分析显示,除了冬前生长期,冬小麦越冬期以及春季各发育期间隔和发育期平均气温相关显著,而且春季的相关性明显比冬季显著,但表现在发育期间隔方面,却是冬小麦越冬期呈显著缩短趋势,而返青后各发育期间隔没有明显变化。结论认为：气候变暖一方面有利于越冬农作物安全越冬,减少冻害对农业生产的影响,而且温度升高,也增加了农业生产积温,使农作物可生长期延长,有利于提高复种指数;另一方面,由于旱塬区春季气温变率较大,发育期提前将导致作物受冻害的气候风险增大,尤其果树开花期遭受冻害,将对产量构成严重威胁。冬季气温持续上升,将导致冬小麦条锈病孢子和林果病虫害等安全越冬,对病虫害防治工作带来很大难度。因此,气候变暖对旱塬农业生产将产生深刻的影响,应引起高度关注。  相似文献   

3.
天水市冬小麦生长对气候变暖的响应   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
通过分析冬小麦生育期、产量与温度的关系及变化趋势,建立回归模拟方程,揭示冬小麦对气候变暖的响应,为种植结构调整和粮食安全提供理论依据。结果表明:1980年以来,天水冬小麦对气候变暖的响应主要表现为出苗期、拔节期、抽穗期、成熟期缩短,返青期推迟;增温使出苗～返青期、拔节～抽穗期延长,返青～拔节、抽穗～成熟期缩短;随着冬小麦全生育期平均气温和地温的升高,全生育期以6.7 d/10a的速度缩短;小麦全生育期与5、10、15、20 cm平均地温均呈负相关。小麦产量有先降后升的变化趋势。天水市小麦适宜播期应在10月1日左右。  相似文献   

4.
甘肃东部气候变化及冬小麦生长发育响应特征   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
分析发现1971年以来陇东黄土高原变暖特征明显,其中西峰半湿润塬区1971～2005年增温线性趋势0.0525℃/a,环县半干旱川区增温线性趋势0.0367℃/a,平凉半湿润半干旱过渡地区增温线性趋势0.0411℃/a.除了环县川区夏季增温不明显,其余各区域四季增温均比较显著,西峰塬区四季增温幅度最大,增温趋势最明显,平凉次之.增温表现出夏季、秋季、春季、冬季依次增强的趋势.西峰半湿润塬区年降水量呈减少的趋势,环县半干旱川区年降水量呈增加的趋势,处于半湿润和半干旱过渡带的平凉年降水量则没有明显变化,不同区域秋季降水量均呈现出减少的趋势.气候变暖对陇东不同气候区域冬小麦生态影响既有相同之处,也有不同之处,相同之处主要表现在停止生长期和乳熟期均没有明显变化,起身期提前趋势明显.不同之处体现在西峰播种期明显推迟,返青期明显提前,而环县和平凉播种期和返青期均没有明显变化;西峰、平凉分蘖期明显推迟,抽穗期明显提前,而环县分蘖期和抽穗期没有明显变化;西峰、环县成熟期显著提前,全生育期日数显著缩短,而平凉成熟期和全生育期日数则没有明显变化;另外,西峰、平凉冬前及早春分蘖减少,越冬死亡率大幅度下降,产量显著增高,西峰、环县灌浆期显著延长,成熟期显著缩短,环县越冬死亡率较高时段对应秋春季降水偏少时段,产量增幅不大,增产趋势不明显.综合分析认为,西峰半湿润塬区气候变暖特征最明显,气候变暖对冬小麦的生态影响最显著.  相似文献   

5.
气候变化对陇东塬区冬小麦生长发育及产量的影响   总被引：20，自引：3，他引：20  
分析西峰农业气象试验站冬小麦生育期的观测资料表明,气候变暖使陇东塬区冬小麦全生育期天数缩短,主要是越冬期天数缩短,而冬小麦实际生长的天数并未缩短;气候变暖使冬小麦播种期推迟,成熟期提前,从而使麦田的休闲期延长,延长了复种作物的生长期,为提高气候资源的利用率和单位面积的产量提供了保证。气候变化对冬小麦气候产量的影响具有明显的周期性。  相似文献   

6.
气候变化对陇东冬小麦生态影响特征研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
对黄土高原比较有典型代表性的残塬"董志塬"的变暖及冬小麦生态响应特征进行研究,发现"董志塬"近35 a来年平均增温线性趋势达0.0505℃,增温表现出平均气温、最高气温、最低气温同时上升,且冬春季增温速度最快,秋季次之,夏季增温最平缓;增温对冬小麦的生态影响主要体现在全生育期(线性趋势0.91 d/a)、越冬期(线性趋势0.85 d/a)显著缩短,春季发育期普遍提前(返青期以0.57 d/a的线性趋势提前,拔节期以0.42 d/a的线性趋势提前,成熟期以0.48 d/a的线性趋势提前),而春季各发育期间间隔日数并未出现缩短的趋势.认为气候变暖对当地农业生产有利有弊,气候变暖,尤其冬春气温显著升高将导致越冬期土壤水分损耗增大,春旱加剧,不利于春季农业生产;另一方面冬小麦全生育期缩短,成熟期提前,能有效提高复种指数和土地利用率.  相似文献   

7.
不同根区温度对冬小麦生长发育及养分吸收的影响   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  
以Hoagland营养液为介质,采用自制的恒温培养系统研究了不同根区温度对冬小麦生长发育以及N、P、K养分吸收的影响。结果表明:小麦冬前至返青期低温处理明显抑制根系发育,根长、根体积、根系生物量、叶面积、地上部生物量、养分累积量均比常温处理显著降低,其中越冬前低温处理对地上部的影响大于对根系的影响,而返青期低温处理对根系的影响大于地上部;越冬前和越冬期高温促进了根系生长,但地上部生物量和养分累积量呈降低趋势,返青期高温抑制了根长和根体积的增加,但有促进地上部生长的作用。  相似文献   

8.
陕西冬小麦物候期对气候特征响应研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
通过对陕西关中平原和渭北旱塬两个不同生态区7个站点1992-2011年气象数据和冬小麦生长发育数据分析发现,两地冬小麦返青及返青前各物候期均呈推迟趋势,返青后各物候期呈提前趋势,导致冬小麦整个生育期均缩短。影响关中地区冬小麦物候期变化的主要因素为温度。越冬期与11月和12月平均温度呈正相关;返青期在关中平原与11月和12月平均温度呈正相关,1月份平均温度呈负相关,在渭北旱塬仅与2月份平均温度呈负相关;两地抽穗期与3-4月各月平均温度呈负相关,成熟期与3-5月各月平均温度及生育期平均温度呈负相关。日照时数对冬小麦物候期变化影响较小,主要为3-5月份各月平均日照时数与成熟期呈负相关关系,渭北旱塬生育期总日照时数与成熟期之间也达显著负相关。降水对物候期影响最小,相关关系均不显著。  相似文献   

9.
采用河北南部4个代表性站点逐日气象资料,利用Mann-Kendall检验和小波分析等统计方法,建立了河北南部冬小麦冬前及越冬期积温适宜度评价模型,分析了温度及积温变化特征。结果表明:1961~2010年日平均气温稳定降至16℃日期在1985年前后发生突变,突变区域为2005~2007年,日期变化存在10~12a尺度周期变化规律;气温稳定降至14℃的日期在2003年前后发生突变,突变区域为2009~2010年;冬前≥0℃积温适宜度平均值为0.89,在1991年前后发生突变,2004~2010年积温适宜度呈显著降低趋势,积温适宜度变化存在12~15a尺度震荡周期;越冬期负积温适宜度平均值为0.64,变异系数0.36,1967年前后发生突变,突变区域为1976~1993年,负积温适宜度变化存在4~7a震荡周期;越冬期极端最低气温在1985年前后发生突变,1995年后极端最低气温升高趋势十分显著;越冬期最低气温≤-10℃日数呈明显减少趋势。河北南部麦区冬前积温升高趋势不显著,近10a大多数年份积温显著偏多,但波动较大,偏离常态发生概率增大,积温适宜度呈下降趋势,极易出现积温过多或过少,造成冬前旺长或苗弱;越冬期负积温呈明显减少趋势,积温适宜度上升,极端最低温度升高,日最低气温≤-10℃日数减少,这种变化趋势一定程度上减少了极端最低温度偏低和低温持续时间较长引起的冻害发生。  相似文献   

10.
基于DSSAT模型陕西杨凌不同降水年型冬小麦灌溉制度研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
基于DSSAT作物模型模拟了不同降水年型水分胁迫条件下的冬小麦生产潜力,对比分析不同生育期灌水对产量、WUE以及土壤蒸发量等的影响,从而确定关键灌水期;并在综合考虑产量、WUE、总灌水量、灌水次数等因素的基础上确定了不同降水年型下的最优灌溉制度。结果表明：(1) 冬小麦越冬水、返青水、拔节水、灌浆水四水中以返青水最为关键,其次为拔节水,最后为越冬水和灌浆水;当不灌返青水时,冬小麦产量和蒸腾量显著降低,土壤蒸发量显著升高;(2) 不同降水年型之间也存在显著差异,产量、WUE、作物蒸腾量等表现为丰水年略大于平水年,二者显著大于枯水年;而灌水边际效益表现为平水年＞枯水年＞丰水年;(3) 枯水年、平水年、丰水年的冬小麦最优灌溉制 度分别为枯水年返青期和拔节期各灌水75 mm和50 mm,平水年返青期灌水75 mm,丰水年返青期和拔节期各灌水25 mm。  相似文献   

11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.  相似文献   

12.
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.  相似文献   

13.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.  相似文献   

14.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.  相似文献   

15.
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.  相似文献   

16.
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.  相似文献   

17.
The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed.  相似文献   

18.
Molecular diagnostic techniques have been developed to differentiate the Ascochyta pathogens that infect cool season food and feed legumes, as well as to improve the sensitivity of detecting latent infection in plant tissues. A seed sampling technique was developed to detect a 1% level of infection by Ascochyta rabiei in commercial chickpea seed. The Ascochyta pathogens were shown to be genetically diverse in countries where the pathogen and host have coexisted for a long time. However, where the pathogen was recently introduced, such as A. rabiei to Australia, the level of diversity remained relatively low, even as the pathogen spread to all chickpea-growing areas. Pathogenic variability of A. rabiei and Ascochyta pinodes pathogens in chickpea and field pea respectively, appears to be quantitative, where measures of disease severity were based on aggressiveness (quantitative level of infection) rather than on true qualitative virulence. In contrast, qualitative differences in pathogenicity in lentil and faba bean genotypes indicated the existence of pathotypes of Ascochyta lentis and Ascochyta fabae. Therefore, reports of pathotype discrimination based on quantitative differences in pathogenicity in a set of specific genotypes is questionable for several of the ascochyta-legume pathosystems such as A. rabiei and A. pinodes. This is not surprising since host resistance to these pathogens has been reported to be mainly quantitative, making it difficult for the pathogen to overcome specific resistance genes and form pathotypes. For robust pathogenicity assessment, there needs to be consistency in selection of differential host genotypes, screening conditions and disease evaluation techniques for each of the Ascochyta sp. in legume-growing countries throughout the world. Nevertheless, knowledge of pathotype diversity and aggressiveness within populations is important in the selection of resistant genotypes.  相似文献   

19.
In the summer of 2004 an epidemic of sclerotinia blight of peanut, a disease caused by Sclerotinia minor, occurred in Texas in fields where the disease was never previously detected. The disease was observed on many plants within one of the fields (>3000 disease foci), although most foci were <1 m. It is hypothesized that these observations were inconsistent with the recent introduction of a monocyclic pathogen, even if disease developed under conducive environmental conditions. The pattern of disease is most suggestive of the presence of foliar (ascospore) infections, although air temperature was above the known limits for apothecia development if the pathogen had arrived in the field in 2004 peanut seed. To further examine this epidemic, 232 isolates were collected, across a variety of spatial scales spanning this field and other Texas peanut fields, and evaluated for aggressiveness, fungicide sensitivity and genotypic diversity. There was wide variation among isolates for the phenotypic characteristics measured, but there was no evidence that a genotypically unique, highly aggressive, and fungicide resistant isolate had been introduced or evolved. The predominant genotype, TX1, which contained 154 isolates, was found in every county and field population.  相似文献   

20.
In 1975 many tumours were observed in plants ofBegonia Schwabenland grown in Aalsmeer. Submersion of the roots ofNicotiana megalosiphon seedlings in a homogenate of tumorous tissue, induced tumours after two weeks. Short periods of submergence yielded results similar to those obtained after longer periods. Tumour homogenates lost their infectivity after ten min at 50°C. Aphids transmitted the infectious agent.Treatment with propylene oxide did not inhibit infectivity completely. Filtration through a 450 nm filter removed the infectious agent.Tobacco tumor virus or a viroid could not be isolated. Cultures ofCorynebacterium fascians, isolated from tumours ofN. megalosiphon were highly infectious and induced tumours in healthyN. megalosiphon andBegonia. Tumorous tissue homogenates ofPelargonium zonale, Dahlia sp.,Gladiolus sp., andLilium sp. also caused tumours inN. megalosiphon, from whichC. fascians was isolated. It was not possible to produce tumours inN. megalosiphon with homogenates from roses with symptoms of bud proliferation.Samenvatting In 1975 werden vele tumoren waargenomen inBegonia Schwabenland op Aalsmeerse bedrijven (Fig. 1). De infectiositeit van tumorweefsel kon goed en snel worden vastgesteld door de wortels van zaailingen vanNicotiana megalosiphon in een homogenaat van tumorweefsel te dompelen. Tumoren ontstonden na twee weken, de eindbeoordeling geschiedde na een maand (Fig. 2). Ook verschillende andereNicotiana spp.,Melilotus officinalis (Fig. 3) enPisum odoratum (Fig. 4) werden aangetast.Bij de infectiositeitstoets gaven zeer korte dompeltijden even goede resultaten als langere (Tabel 1). Infectieus sap verloor zijn infectievermogen na 10 min verhitting bij 50°C. Bladluizen brachten de smetstof over. Propyleenoxide verminderde de infectiositeit wel, doch onderdrukte deze niet totaal. Bij filtratie door een 450 nm filter bleef het infectieuse agens op het filter achter. Het tumor-inducerende agens was ook aanwezig in die delen van planten met tumoren welke gezond leken en het ging voor een gering deel over met zaad (Tabel 2).Uit tumoren konden wij geen tabakstumorvirus of een viroïde isoleren. Culturen vanCorynebacterium fascians, geïsoleerd uit tumoren vanN. megalosiphon bleken zeer infectieus en veroorzaakten tumoren inN. megalosiphon enBegonia. Homogenaten van tumorweefsel vanPelargonium zonale, dahlia (Fig. 5), gladiool (Fig. 6) enLilium Mid Century Hybrid Enchantment (Fig. 7) veroorzaakten ook tumoren opN. megalosiphon, waaruitC. fascians werd geïsoleerd. Met sap van kroeskopzieke rozen konden wijN. megalosiphon niet besmetten.  相似文献   

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