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1.
四种鸡球虫卵囊的分离与鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鸡球虫病对养鸡业的危害极大。病原体为鸡艾美耳属球虫。目前公认的9种,以柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Eimeria tenella)和毒害艾美耳球虫(E. necatrix)致病力最强。巨型艾美耳球虫(E. maxima)和堆型艾美耳 相似文献
2.
鸡球虫耐药性研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国兽医杂志》2019,(6)
<正>鸡球虫病是由球虫感染引起的消化道疾病,对全世界的养禽业带来巨大经济损失。球虫为顶复门、艾美耳属的细胞内寄生虫,能够感染鸡的球虫有7种,包括堆型艾美耳球虫(Eimeria acervulina)、布氏艾美耳球虫(E. brunetti)、巨型艾美耳球虫(E. maxima)、和缓艾美耳球虫(E. mitis)、毒害艾美耳球虫(E. necatrix)、早熟艾美耳球虫(E. praecox)和柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E. tenella)[1]。它 相似文献
3.
文昌鸡、AA鸡、海兰鸡和三黄鸡对柔嫩艾美耳球虫易感性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鸡球虫病是以危害雏鸡为主的一种急性流行性疾病,死亡率高。其病原体主要是艾美耳属的各种球虫,现已发现的艾美耳属球虫(Eimeria)有9种,即柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella)、毒害艾美耳球虫(E.necatrix)、堆型艾美耳球虫(E.acervulina)、巨型艾美耳球虫(E.maxima)、布氏艾美耳球虫(E. 相似文献
4.
对高邮市1例山羊球虫病进行了诊疗并对山羊球虫病原进行了分离与种类鉴定,共检获到5种球虫,均属艾美耳属(Eimeria)球虫,即:柯氏艾美耳球虫(E.christenseni)、山羊艾美耳球虫(E.hirci)、尼柯雅氏艾美耳球虫(E.ninakohlyakimovae)、艾力加艾美耳球虫(E.alijevi)、绵山羊艾美耳球虫(E.caprovina)。在所有的粪样中均至少有3种球虫,其中柯氏艾美耳球虫的感染率最高,占90%以上,为优势种,是本次球虫病的主要病原。 相似文献
5.
《动物医学进展》2021,42(9)
为了解安徽省散养鸡群球虫感染及虫种分布情况,从安徽省多地散养鸡场采集鸡新鲜粪便829份,分别采用基于7种鸡球虫内转录间隔区1(ITS-1)基因的套式PCR进行检测,并对获得的样本进行测序和分析,以验证球虫虫种。结果显示,调查的所有散养鸡场均有球虫感染,堆型艾美耳球虫(E.acervulina)、巨型艾美耳球虫(E.maxima)和和缓艾美耳球虫(E.mitis)是调查最常见的虫种。混合感染很普遍,以E.acervulina+E.maxima,E.acervulina+E.mitis,E.maxima+E.mitis及E.acervulina+E.maxima+E.mitis混合感染较为常见。调查结果显示,安徽省散养鸡群中球虫感染率较高,应加强对散养鸡场球虫病的综合防控。 相似文献
6.
为了解江苏省实验兔球虫病流行情况,通过收集卵囊及显微镜观察,对江苏省4个实验兔养殖供应基地进行了球虫感染情况的调查,结果显示,调查的实验兔球虫感染率为100％,并且均为混合感染.共检测出10种艾美耳属的球虫,分别是斯氏艾美耳球虫(E.stiedai)、穿孔艾美耳球虫(E.perforans)、中型艾美耳球虫(E.media)、大型艾美耳球虫(E.magma)、梨形艾美耳球虫(E.piri ormis)、无残艾美耳球虫(E.irresdua)、盲肠艾美耳球虫(E.coecicola)、肠艾美耳球虫(E.intestinalis)、小型艾美耳球虫(E.exigua)、黄氏艾美耳球虫(E.flavescens).并且检测了实验兔球虫的感染强度(OPG)和优势虫种,为江苏省实验兔球虫病的防治提供了依据. 相似文献
7.
8.
为了解上海市山羊体内球虫种类及感染情况,采用卵囊培养法和粪便漂浮法,对上海市临港地区120份山羊新鲜粪便进行球虫检查。结果显示:山羊球虫的感染率为80%;经鉴定在山羊粪便中发现8种艾美耳球虫,分别是克氏艾美耳球虫(E.christenseni)、阿普艾美耳球虫(E.apsherenica)、尼柯雅艾美耳球虫(E.ninakohlyakimovae)、约奇艾美耳球虫(E.jolchijevi)、家山羊艾美耳球虫(E.hirci)、艾丽艾美耳球虫(E.alijeri)、山羊艾美耳球虫(E.caprina)和阿氏艾美耳球虫(E.arloingi)。在2~6月龄山羊的肠内容物中发现大量的克氏艾美耳球虫和山羊艾美耳球虫,说明这2种球虫是上海市临港地区山羊的优势虫种。 相似文献
9.
为了调查上海市鸽球虫的感染情况和种类,分别采集奉贤区肉鸽场和信鸽场的110份和44份粪便,以及南汇区肉鸽场的100份粪样,采用麦氏虫卵计数法对粪便球虫卵囊进行计数,收集阳性粪便中的卵囊,经孢子化后进行种类鉴定。结果显示,上海市鸽球虫的平均感染率为52.8%(134/254),平均每克粪便卵囊数(oocyst per gram,OPG)为50 159个,为中度感染。肉鸽感染率(55.2%)和平均OPG(52 110个)均高于信鸽(40.9%和37 583个),奉贤肉鸽感染率(60.9%)高于南汇(49.0%),但南汇肉鸽的OPG(88 634个)明显高于奉贤(25 400个)。从肉鸽阳性粪便中鉴定出5种球虫,即拉氏艾美耳球虫(Eimerialabbeana)、鸽艾美耳球虫(E.columbae)、原鸽艾美耳球虫(E.columbarum)、杜氏艾美耳球虫(E.duculai)以及卡氏艾美耳球虫(E.kapotei),拉氏艾美耳球虫为优势种。在信鸽阳性粪便中鉴定出4种球虫,即拉氏艾美耳球虫、杜氏艾美耳球虫、鸽艾美耳球虫以及原鸽艾美耳球虫,原鸽艾美耳球虫为优势种。本次调查表明上海市肉鸽和信鸽的球虫感染率和粪便OPG均偏高,调查结果为及时做好鸽球虫病的防治提供了基础数据。 相似文献
10.
本文初步调查了徐州地区部分县市鸡球虫病的感染情况。对采集16个鸡场的新鲜粪便粪样,通过离心沉淀、漂浮、培养,应用卵囊形态观察的方法进行球虫种类鉴定。本次调查共检出鸡球虫阳性场11个,阳性率为68.75%。共鉴定出艾美球虫6种,它们分别是柔嫩艾美球虫(Eimeria tenella)、毒害艾美球虫(E.necatrix)、巨型艾美球虫(E.maxima)、堆型艾美球虫(E.acervulina)、和缓艾美球虫(E.mitis)、早熟艾美球虫(E.praecox)。优势种为柔嫩艾美球虫、巨型艾美球虫、和缓艾美球虫、堆型艾美球虫。 相似文献
11.
An investigation was made into coccidiosis of 190 scavenging indigenous chickens between September 2000 and April 2001 in three selected agroclimatic zones, in central Ethiopia. This was done through clinical, postmortem and microscopic examinations. Data were processed by chi-square and Mantel-Haenzel test. The study indicated that 25.8% (49/190) of the chickens were infected with coccidiosis and found to harbour one to four different species of Eimeria. Of these infected chickens, 30 (15.8%) and 19 (10.0%) were positive for clinical and sub-clinical coccidiosis, respectively. There was a significant altitude difference (chi2 = 14.7, p <0.001) in coccidiosis prevalence: 42.2% in chickens from highland region followed by 21.5% in mid-altitude and 13.1% in low-altitude areas. When quantified, the prevalence of coccidiosis was 2.66 and 4.83 times higher in the high-altitude than in mid-altitude (odds ratio, OR = 2.66, p<0.05) and low-altitude (OR = 4.83, p<0.001) chickens. The pathogenic Eimeria species responsible for clinical coccidiosis were E. necatrix, E. acervulina, E. maxima and E. tenella. With increasing demand for poultry products in developing countries, knowledge of production constraints in traditional management practices could help devise control strategies for constraints on backyard poultry production systems. 相似文献
12.
Susceptibility to disease and the subclass-specific antibody response to Eimeria tenella, E. acervulina, and E. maxima were compared in two inbred strains of chickens, FP (B15B21) and SC (B2B2). FP strain was more susceptible to coccidiosis than SC chickens based on oocyst production, lesion score, and clinical signs. FP chickens infected with E. tenella had more severe cecal lesions and a significantly lower hematocrit level than SC chickens. FP chickens infected with E. acervulina excreted five times as many oocysts at 6 days postinfection as SC and showed a 71% reduction in plasma carotenoid level compared with controls (56% reduction in SC chickens). Body-weight change did not correlate with other signs of disease. Both SC and FP chickens produced high levels of serum IgM and IgG and biliary IgA. Although SC chickens had a slightly higher antibody response than FP chickens at 7 days postinoculation, both strains maintained high levels of IgM, IgG, and IgA for a prolonged period post primary inoculation. Although SC and FP chickens show different disease susceptibility to coccidiosis, they demonstrate similar antibody response. 相似文献
13.
陕西省杨陵区鸡球虫病原种类的调查研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
对杨陵区四乡一镇的６８组鸡群进行了鸡球虫病的调查研究。结果表明，杨陵区鸡球虫病比较普遍，１５￣５０日龄雏鸡的球虫病特别严重。全区鸡的球虫平均感染率为５８．３％，在所检查的青年，成年鸡群中，笼养鸡群的球虫感染率为３５．１％，散养鸡群的球虫感染率为５７．４％。雏鸡的球虫感染率为６８．４％。经实验室鉴定，共查见柔嫩艾美耳球虫，毒害艾美耳球虫，巨型艾美耳球虫，堆型艾美耳球虫和缓艾美耳球虫和哈氏艾美耳球虫等 相似文献
14.
The effect of Eimeria praecox on concurrent Eimeria maxima infection was studied in susceptible chickens. Clinical signs of coccidiosis were assessed in single E. praecox or E. maxima infections and compared to dual infection with both Eimeria species. Groups infected solely with 10(4)E. maxima oocysts displayed weight gains that were 48% of weight gain in uninfected controls. Weight gain in chickens infected only with 10(4)E. praecox oocysts was 90% of uninfected controls. Average weight gain in chickens infected with both E. maxima and E. praecox was 79% of controls, and showed no significant difference (P>0.05) from weight gain in E. praecox-infected chickens. Feed utilization (feed conversion ratio, FCR) in chickens infected with both species showed no significant difference (P>0.05) from FCR in non-infected controls or chickens infected with E. praecox alone; all showing a significant difference (P<0.05) from FCR in chickens infected solely with E. maxima. Although E. praecox did not appear to have a negative effect on weight gain and FCR, it did cause a significant decrease in serum carotenoids. Analysis of oocysts excreted by chickens during dual infection showed little effect of E. praecox on E. maxima oocyst production. 相似文献
15.
Eimeria parasites were isolated from Nanhai Guangdong province (southern China) and studied in chickens in wire cages to evaluate their drug resistance against commonly used ionophores: monensin (100 mg/kg of feed), lasolacid (90 mg/kg), salinomycin (60 mg/kg), maduramicin (5 mg/kg) and semduramicin (25 mg/kg). Chinese Yellow Broiler Chickens were infected with 40,000 crude sporulated Eimeria oocysts at 15 days of age and prophylactic medication commenced a day prior to infection. Drug resistance was assessed for each ionophore drug by calculating the anticoccidial index (ACI) and percentage optimum anticoccidial activity (POAA) based on relative weight gain, rate of oocyst production and lesion values. Results revealed that Nanhai Eimeria oocysts comprising of E. tenella, E. maxima and E. acervulina, were resistant to monensin, sensitive to both salinomycin and lasolacid and partially sensitive to maduramicin and semduramicin. By selection for early development of oocysts during passage through chickens, the prepatent time of E. tenella, E. maxima and E. acervulina were reduced by 49, 36 and 22 h, respectively. The precocious lines are less pathogenic than the parent strains from which they were selected and conferred a satisfactory protection for chickens against coccidiosis. These ionophore-tolerant precocious lines could have wider applications in the development of anticoccidial vaccines for sustainable control of coccidiosis. 相似文献
16.
The effect of concurrent cecal coccidiosis infections on severity of Histomonas meleagridis (blackhead disease) in chickens was investigated in a series of experiments. Cecal lesions from H. meleagridis were severe in all inoculated control groups and did not appear to be affected by the introduction of Eimeria tenella infection. However, the severity of liver lesions and number of birds positive for liver lesions of H. meleagridis increased significantly with the presence of E. tenella. The increase was similar when 10(3) or 10(4) oocysts of E. tenella were given and was the same when oocysts were given at the same time as H. meleagridis or 4 days prior. The liver lesions increased directly as doses of H. meleagridis increased from 7.5 x 10(3) cells to 30, 100, or 300 x 10(3) when E. tenella was given along with H. melelagridis but not when H. meleagridis was given alone. Administration of a live coccidiosis vaccine containing very low levels of E. tenella also gave a significant boost to liver lesions but at a much lower level than that observed with larger doses of E. tenella. The positive relationship between infections of cecal coccidiosis and H. meleagridis in chickens suggests that such dual exposure may contribute to increased clinical outbreaks of blackhead disease in chickens under field conditions. 相似文献
17.
Isolation of five species ofeimeria from chickens in Bangladesh 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Five species of Eimeria, namely E. acervulina, E. tenella, E. maxima, E. brunetti and E. necatrix were identified in chickens in Bangladesh on the basis of lesions seen at post-mortem examinations of naturally infected birds, and on the dimensions of oocysts and the lesions seen in chicks experimentally infected with single oocyst derived strains. The use of filter top, polycarbonate cages permitted the isolation of strains without sophisticated animal isolators and is appropriate for use in laboratories throughout the developing world. Responses to a questionnaire sent to all known intensive poultry farms suggested that coccidiosis is a major disease. For control, producers rely mostly on management procedures and the tactical use of sulphonamides; in-feed chemoprophylaxis is not widely used. These control measures are unsatisfactory and recent coccidiosis outbreaks were reported from seven of 16 farms. There was evidence of a seasonal incidence in clinical coccidiosis. 相似文献
18.
A study on the occurrence of coccidiosis and distribution of Eimeria species in dead chickens 1-60 days of age, at Kombolcha Poultry Multiplication and Research Center (KPMRC), Ethiopia was conducted from November 2002 to April 2003. Out of the 965 dead birds, 370 (38.34%) were found to have clinical coccidiosis. The Eimeria species identified in this study were Eimeria brunetti, E. tenella, E. acervulina and E. necatrix with prevalence rates of 45.3%, 40.8%, 9.7%, and 4.1%, respectively. In the current study, E. brunetti was reported for the first time in Ethiopia. It was noted that clinical coccidioisis was more prevalent in those between 5 and 6 weeks of age. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in clinical coccidiosis prevalence among the different age groups studied. Various managerial problems that are associated with this high prevalence of clinical coccidiosis are identified and appropriate control strategies are recommended. 相似文献
19.
H S Lillehoj 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1986,13(4):321-330
Development of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and comparative effectiveness of different stage-specific coccidia antigens in T cell activation during avian coccidiosis were evaluated in two inbred strains of chickens using a specific in vitro T cell proliferation assay. Lymphocytes from chickens infected with different Eimeria spp. showed proliferative response to sporozoites, merozoites or Eimeria soluble antigen (Esa) excreted by cultured parasites. Detectable CMI response was observed at 21 day P.I. in chickens infected with E. tenella and E. maxima. Generally lower T cell response was observed in chickens infected with E. acervulina. Merozoites were highly immunogenic compared to sporozoites. Esa prepared from cultured parasites was as effective as whole parasites in evoking a T cell response. Although strain variation in T cell response to parasites or Esa was observed during a primary infection, substantially enhanced T cell response was observed 3 days after a secondary infection in both strains of chickens. The results of the present investigation suggest that Esa may be a major parasite antigen released to the immune system during early stages of infection and relevant to the development of protective immunity. 相似文献
20.
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important mediator of innate and acquired immunities. In the studies reported here, we quantified NO produced in vitro by chicken leukocytes and macrophages and in vivo during the course of experimental infection with Eimeria, the causative agent of avian coccidiosis, and identified macrophages as the primary source of inducible NO. Eimeria tenella-infected chickens produced higher levels of NO compared with noninfected controls. In Eimeria-infected animals, SC chickens produced greater amounts of NO compared with infected TK chickens, particularly in the intestinal cecum, the region of the intestine infected by E. tenella. Macrophages that were isolated from normal spleen were a major source of NO induced by interferon (IFN)-gamma, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and E. tenella sporozoites. Macrophage cell line MQ-NCSU produced high levels of NO in response to Escherichia coli or Salmonella typhi LPS, whereas the HD-11 macrophage cell line was more responsive to IFN-gamma. These findings are discussed in the context of the genetic differences in SC and TK chickens that may contribute to their divergent disease phenotypes. 相似文献