共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Tetsumi Takahashi Kayoko Kameda Megumi Kawamura Tsuneo Nakajima 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(3):477-484
ABSTRACT: The recent increase in numbers of individuals of a piscivorous bird, the great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo hanedae , around Lake Biwa has affected the commercial catch of ayu Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis . The food habits of the bird were studied based on 66 stomachs in 1998 and 2001–2002, and a seasonal variation in food contents was observed. The proportion of ayu in stomachs increased after April, and became most dominant during July and August (0.62 in proportion of weight, 0.85 in frequency of occurrence). In contrast, ayu was not found in the stomachs after late October. The increase of ayu in individuals and density in the surface layer of the pelagic zone of the lake during spring was considered as a trigger for the change of the food habits of the birds. The feeding impact of great cormorant on ayu in Lake Biwa was estimated to be approximately 46 t during April to June, and 310 t in July and August. During the main period for the commercial ayu catch (November to the following June), the estimated mass consumed by the bird is much smaller in comparison with the commercial catch. 相似文献
2.
凫溪香鱼群体同工酶的生化遗传分析 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
香鱼(Pleccoglossusaltivelis)隶属鲑形目,香鱼科,香鱼属,为我国小型名贵经济鱼类,广泛分布在北起鸭绿江南至广西北仑河等涉海溪流江河中,也可生活在大型陆封水库中[1],为一年生洄游鱼类。近年来,由于各地捕捞强度增大、水利设施建设以及环境污染日益严重等原因,各地香鱼资 相似文献
3.
T. MIYAZAKI 《Journal of fish diseases》1987,10(6):445-452
Abstract. The histological responses of ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis , given an intramuscular injection of a formalin-killed bacterin of Vibrio anguillarum are described. Lesions at the site of injection showed muscular necrosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells by the second day after injection, and production of granulation tissue from the fifth to the fourteenth day. Protective responses against vibriosis were studied histopathologically in ayu that were vaccinated by intramuscular injection with formalin-killed Vibrio bacterin and by immersion in sonicated Vibrio bacterin, and challenged by a subcutaneous injection with viable Vibrio on the fourteenth day after the vaccination.
Efficacy of both methods was confirmed by the survival of vaccinated fish after the challenge. There was slight bacterial multiplication in the fish, and bacterial phagocytosis by infiltrated neutrophils and tissue necrosis in the injected area on the third day after the challenge. In contrast, non-vaccinated fish died within 24h of challenge, with extensive bacterial multiplication and tissue necrosis in the injected area and visceral organs. 相似文献
Efficacy of both methods was confirmed by the survival of vaccinated fish after the challenge. There was slight bacterial multiplication in the fish, and bacterial phagocytosis by infiltrated neutrophils and tissue necrosis in the injected area on the third day after the challenge. In contrast, non-vaccinated fish died within 24h of challenge, with extensive bacterial multiplication and tissue necrosis in the injected area and visceral organs. 相似文献
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Abstract. The protective effect of Vibrio angnillarum immunization administered by the direct immersion technique in ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis Temminck and Schlegel, was investigated. The activities of phagoeytic cells were suppressed at the time of vaccination by previous bath exposures to a cyclophosphamide solution containing a concentration of 500 mg/kg/ml on days 2 and 3 before vaccination. An artificial challenge was carried out 3 weeks after vaccination by bath exposure. The survival rate of the vaccine group pretreated with cyclophosphamide was 96%. In the group given traditional vaccine only, 73% survived; and in the non-vaccine control group, 10% survived. These results suggest that protective immunity of ayu vaccinated by the direct immersion technique may not implicate the early activities of phagoeytic cells. 相似文献
6.
一株引起香鱼出血症的嗜水气单胞菌的鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从发生出血症的香鱼体腔液分离到一高致病性的菌株(ayu-ah0201),经人工侵染试验证实该菌能引起香鱼出血症.对该菌的形态、生理生化及16S rDNA序列分析结果表明,其为革兰氏阴性,短杆状,极生鞭毛.对蔗糖、阿拉伯糖、七叶苷、氧化酶、精氨酸双水解酶、赖氨酸脱羧酶呈阳性,鸟氨酸脱羧酶呈阴性.可利用葡萄糖产酸产气.在以该菌16S rDNA序列和GenBank数据库内同源性较高的细菌16S rDNA序列构建的系统发育树,表明分离菌ayu-ah0201与嗜水气单胞菌聚在一簇,与嗜水气单胞菌核苷酸序列同源性最高,为99.6%～99.7%,与其他相关气单胞菌属成员的核苷酸序列同源性小于98.9%.结合形态和生理生化特点将其鉴定为嗜水气单胞菌. 相似文献
7.
从患病香鱼的体腔液中分离获得嗜水气单胞菌病原,经培养稀释的菌液,腹腔注射人工感染健康香鱼,出现典型的出血症后,进行血液生理生化指标的测定。结果发现,病鱼红细胞数量为(1.21±0.08)×1012个/L,血栓细胞数量(189.00±5.19)×1012个/L,较健康香鱼红细胞[(2.41±0.16)×1012个/L]、血栓细胞[(380.0±20.00)×1012个/L]呈极显著降低(P0.01),血红蛋白含量呈显著减少(P0.05),而白细胞数量却显著增加(P0.05)。染病香鱼总蛋白为(47.56±2.63)g/L,健康鱼为(49.23±3.06)g/L,经检验无显著差异;而碱性磷酸酶、Cl-、Ca2+等3项血液生化指标值均呈极显著减少(P0.01),乳酸脱氢酶呈极显著增加(P0.01)。 相似文献
8.
We developed a simple genotyping method for Flavobacterium psychrophilum for analysing two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gyrA gene and to distinguish between isolates that are virulent and avirulent to ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis (Temminck & Schlegel). The genotyping method is an on/off switch assay and is based on the polymerase chain reaction technique with phosphorothioated primers. We classified 232 isolates from four families of fish (i.e. Plecoglossidae, Osmeridae, Cyprinidae and Salmonidae) into four genotypes (G‐C, A‐T, A‐C and G‐T). The G‐C type isolates exhibited strong pathogenicity to ayu, whereas the A‐T and G‐T types did not show any pathogenicity to this species. The A‐C type exhibited no or weak pathogenicity to ayu. These results indicate that genotyping F. psychrophilum isolates with two SNPs from gyrA can clearly distinguish between isolates potentially harmful to ayu (G‐C type) and those that are potentially not harmful or less harmful (A‐C, A‐T and G‐T type). The on/off switch assay provides a quick, simple, and very powerful DNA genotyping technique for F. psychrophilum isolates. 相似文献
9.
Masafumi Amano Masayuki Iigo Kiyoshi Furukawa Mitsuo Tabata Kunio Yamamori 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(2):250-255
ABSTRACT: The self-feeding rhythms of ayu Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis were examined. Individual ayu (mean body weight 40 g) were held in 60-L glass tanks equipped with self-feeders. Six of 14 fish learned self-feeding during the experiment. Under two different light–dark (LD) conditions (16 h:8 h and 8 h:16 h LD), self-feeding was synchronized to the LD cycle, and feeding occurred almost exclusively during the light phase. During exposure to constant light (LL), circadian feeding rhythms were observed. These results indicate self-feeding rhythms in ayu are restricted to the light phase under LD conditions and are controlled by the circadian clock under LL conditions. 相似文献
10.
Morishita Daigo Wada Toshihiro Noda Takuji Tomiya Atsushi Enomoto Masahiro Sato Toshiyuki Suzuki Shunji Kawata Gyo 《Fisheries Science》2019,85(3):561-569
Fisheries Science - To elucidate spatial and seasonal variations of radiocesium (134Cs and 137Cs) concentrations in ayu Plecoglossus altivelis, amphidromous fish samples were collected both from... 相似文献
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HEISUKE NAKAGAWA TETSUYA UMINO TAKASHI SEKIMOTO IRFAN AMBAS W LINN MONTGOMERY TAKETO NAKANO 《Fisheries Science》2002,68(2):341-346
ABSTRACT: The gut and gut contents of ayu Plecoglossus altivelis caught in the Ohta River in Hiroshima prefecture, Japan were examined. Relative intestine length (intestine length/body length) was almost constant. Except for relative intestine length, characteristics of the gut of wild ayu were not significantly different from those of cultured ayu. The height of intestinal folds increased and their width declined from stomach to anus. Cyanobacteria ( Homoeathrix sp. and Calothrix sp.) and diatoms ( Cymbella sp., Gomphonema sp., Melosira sp., Navicula sp., and Synedra sp.) were well digested during passage through the gut despite a lack of apparent destruction. In contrast, green algae ( Dictyosphearium sp., Coelastrum sp., and Pediastrum sp.) exhibited little degradation. The pH of stomach contents ranged from 2.8 to 7.4 (mean ± SD = 4.1 ± 1.0), whereas that of the posterior intestine was 7.0–8.5 (7.9 ± 0.4). Gut contents of wild ayu increased with bodyweight, and were more than threefold greater than those of cultured ayu, suggesting that wild ayu compensate for low nutrient content of algae through the continuous ingestion of large quantities of feed organisms. 相似文献
13.
Takaomi Arai 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(2):382-387
ABSTRACT: The habitat use and migration of ayu Plecoglossus altivelis was compared to that of ice goby Leucopsarion petersi using otolith microchemistry analysis. Both species were collected along the Sanriku Coast. Otolith Sr : Ca ratios of ayu fluctuated strongly along the life history transect in accordance with the migration (habitat) pattern from fresh water to sea water. The Sr : Ca ratios of the center region averaged 3.2 × 10−3 ; thereafter, the ratios increased sharply, averaging 9.2 × 10−3 , and were maintained at the higher levels until the outermost regions. By contrast, the Sr : Ca ratios of ice goby showed consistently high values along the life history transect of the otolith, ranging 9.0 × 10−3 in the center to 9.2 × 10−3 in regions outside the center, with further increases around the otolith edge. These findings indicate that ayu shows a typical amphidromous migratory pattern, while ice goby does not show the anadromous migratory pattern previously reported. The use of a freshwater environment during the early developmental stage in ice goby along the Sanriku Coast was less prominent than that of ayu in the same region. 相似文献
14.
实验应用微卫星DNA检测技术，分析了I至Ⅶ组共42尾香鱼的Pal-1*和Pal-2*两个基因座位的基因型。结果显示Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅶ组共22尾在两个基因座位上均为纯合，是基因型完全相同的克隆鱼，并且Ⅶ组l0尾为人工诱导成功的雌核发育二倍体，而I为混入本克隆的其它类型的香鱼；V组9尾为I与海产香鱼的子代；Ⅵ组10尾为Ⅱ或Ⅲ与海产香鱼的子代。 相似文献
15.
Kei’ichiro Iguchi 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2012,21(1):1-11
Abstract – Social and foraging modes in fish often vary between individuals with different body sizes and between populations under different ecological conditions. We studied social and foraging behaviour of algae‐grazing fish Plecoglossus altivelis ryukyuensis (Ryukyu‐ayu) inhabiting Japanese subtropical island streams. Ryukyu‐ayu exhibited four behavioural modes: territorial, schooling, solitary and floating. Their body sizes differed among these modes. Territorial fish predominantly foraged on benthic algae, whereas schooling and solitary individuals frequently consumed drifting materials as well. Schooling fish were smaller than territorial fish, but, unlike some other algae‐grazing fish species, did not use schooling to gain access to food within territories. Territorial fish attacked smaller conspecifics but exhibited lateral display towards larger fish and schooling fish while occasionally attacking grazing gobies. Larger fish maintained larger feeding territories and occupied territories for longer periods than smaller fish did. This suggests that, in Ryukyu‐ayu, intra‐ and interspecific food competitions and relative body size can influence diverse behavioural modes and duration of territory occupation. We also found that Ryukyu‐ayu foraged more often and had larger feeding territories than ayu P. a. altivelis inhabiting temperate streams. We conclude that foraging strategies of Ryukyu‐ayu may have adapted to subtropical island streams, where algal productivity is much lower than that in temperate regions. 相似文献
16.
Abstract. Epizootics and histopathology of a new visceral mycosis due to fungi impefecti which occurred in farmed ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis Temminck & Schlegel, in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan are described. Histopathological examination suggested that fungal infection occurred primarily in the airbladder. A fungus with characteristics of the genus Phoma isolated from diseased fish is described and its taxonomic position discussed. 相似文献
17.
对驼背鲈(Chromileptes altivelis)的胚胎发育及仔、稚、幼鱼的形态特征进行了详细的观察与研究,描述了从受精卵到仔、稚、幼鱼各发育期的时间和形态特征变化。结果表明,在水温25-26℃、盐度30的海水中,受精卵历时27 h 25 min完成整个胚胎发育过程,经历从卵裂、囊胚、原肠、神经胚到肌节形成、各器官的逐渐形成、变化、完善等一系列的胚胎发育和变化过程;根据其卵黄囊消长情况、鳞片的覆盖状态、体色发生的不同变化以及第二背鳍和腹鳍的消长,将胚后发育分为仔、稚、幼鱼3个阶段。在水温22-26℃、盐度29-31、DO≥5 mg/L的条件下,2-3 d仔鱼卵黄囊消失,开口摄食;生长发育至31 d,仔鱼已变态进入稚鱼期;培育至57 d,稚鱼完成变态,成为幼鱼。第二背鳍棘和腹鳍棘的生长与收缩等石斑鱼类早期发育的共性生长特征及其体表特性体色变化特征为驼背鲈胚后发育过程中最明显的特征。 相似文献
18.
Masafumi Amano Masayuki IIgo Toshikazu Sunuma Mitsushi Yamashita Kiyoshi Furukawa Mitsuo Tabata Kunio Yamamori 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(4):800-807
Self-feeding of grouped ayu Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis was examined under an artificial light-dark (LD) cycle and natural day length using a trigger with a photosensitive sensor.
In Experiment 1, approximately 15 juvenile fish (mean body weight, 0.6 g) were kept in 60-L glass tanks (four tanks) under
LD 12∶12 (lighting period 06∶00–18∶00 hours) and self-feeding and locomotor activities were simultaneously recorded. Self-feeding
was detected within one day and feeding activities were strongly synchronized to the LD cycle, with almost strictly diurnal
feeding (98.2%). Although locomotor activities in the upper part of the tank were also greatest during the light phase (76.8%),
the activity profiles were different from those of self-feeding, suggesting the validity of the photosensitive sensor. In
Experiment 2,25 fish (mean body weight, 15 g) were kept in outdoor 1000-L tanks (four tanks) under natural day length and
water temperatures in May, and self-feeding was recorded from mid-August. Stable self-feeding was observed from early September
in all the tanks. Nearly all food demands were diurnal, and usually crepuscular. Somatic growth was seen in all tanks. These
results demonstrate that the self-feeding system using a photosensitive sensor is applicable for grouped juvenile ayu as small
as 0.6 g and adult fish reared under natural conditions. 相似文献
19.
SUMMARY: We determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome for ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis . Two large DNA fragments covering the entire genome were amplified using a long polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, and the products subsequently used as templates for PCR with 57 fish-versatile and five species-specific primers that amplify contiguous, overlapping segments of the entire genome. Direct sequencing of the PCR products demonstrated that the genome (16 537 bp) contained the same 37 mitochondrial genes (two ribosomal RNA, 22 transfer RNA, and 13 protein-coding genes) as those found in other vertebrates, with the gene order identical to that in typical vertebrates. A major non-coding region between the tRNAPro and tRNAPhe genes (857 bp) was considered to be the control region (D-loop), as it has several conservative blocks that are characteristic to this region. 相似文献
20.
吉尔伯特群岛海域延绳钓渔场大眼金枪鱼的环境偏好 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了掌握基里巴斯吉尔伯特群岛附近海域大眼金枪鱼的环境偏好,2009年9月至12月,金枪鱼延绳钓船"深联成719"在该海域进行了调查。利用仪器获取海洋环境数据,结合每天渔获数据,应用逐步回归方法,建立钓钩深度预测模型,计算大眼金枪鱼在各水层、温度、盐度、叶绿素、含氧量、水平海流和垂直海流范围内的渔获率,渔获率最大的各环境因子范围为大眼金枪鱼偏好的环境。结果表明:(1)大眼金枪鱼偏好的水层、水温、盐度、叶绿素、含氧量、水平海流和垂直海流范围分别为200.0~240.0 m、14.0~15.0℃、35.00~35.10、0.24~0.26μg/L、3.0~4.0 mg/L、0.00~0.20 m/s和0.03~0.04 m/s;(2)一般情况下,接近成熟的大眼金枪鱼偏好的水温为14.0~17.0℃;(3)大眼金枪鱼的适盐性较广;(4)溶解氧高于门限值(0.8 mg/L)时,大眼金枪鱼的分布由其它环境因子决定。 相似文献