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1.
气候变暖背景下华北平原冬小麦生育期温度条件变化趋势分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用华北平原42个农业气象观测站1981-2010年逐日平均气温和冬小麦发育期观测资料,结合增温试验数据,统计分析冬小麦生长季各月平均气温的变化特征、冬小麦关键发育日期和各主要生育阶段平均气温的变化趋势,以探究气候变暖对华北平原冬小麦生育过程温度条件的影响。结果表明:研究期内华北平原冬小麦生长季的10月、12月和2-6月增温趋势显著,2月平均气温上升线性倾向率最大。气候变暖使冬小麦越冬阶段和返青-拔节阶段的平均温度显著升高,从而导致冬小麦拔节-成熟日期显著提前,但冬小麦冬前生长阶段和拔节-成熟阶段的平均温度则未呈现上升趋势。冬小麦冬前生长阶段的温度环境因播种期适应性推迟而保持基本稳定,拔节-成熟阶段平均温度变化不明显则归因于发育期前移和当地气温的季节性变化特点。气候进一步变暖将使冬小麦冬后发育期提前更多,而拔节-成熟阶段的平均温度则不会明显升高。 相似文献
2.
中国北部冬麦区小麦生育期对生育阶段积温变化的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1993-2013年中国北部冬麦区19个农业气象观测站的冬小麦生育期及气象资料,研究了冬小麦各生育阶段积温和生育期的时空变异特征。通过皮尔逊相关性分析等方法,探究冬小麦各生育阶段积温变化对生育期的影响。结果表明：（1）播种-出苗、返青-拔节阶段≥0℃积温和越冬期负积温的值呈东高西低的空间分布,拔节-抽穗、抽穗-乳熟、乳熟-成熟和播种-成熟阶段≥0℃积温为东南低西北高,而出苗-越冬开始阶段≥0℃积温则呈东南高西北低的分布;拔节-抽穗和乳熟-成熟阶段≥0℃积温均在21%的站点上显著减少,返青-拔节、抽穗-乳熟和播种-成熟阶段≥0℃积温及越冬期负积温分别在26%、37%、21%和42%的站点上显著增加,而播种-出苗和出苗-越冬开始阶段≥0℃积温的变化较小;（2）播种和出苗期呈东部晚西部早的空间分布,抽穗、乳熟和成熟期则相反;越冬开始期呈东南晚西北早的分布,返青期则相反;拔节早的站点主要位于麦区东部。播种、出苗、返青、拔节、乳熟和成熟期分别在21%、16%、37%、26%、42%和21%站点显著推迟且多位于麦区东部,而越冬开始期和抽穗期仅在5%站点变化显著;（3）相关分析表明,各生育阶段≥0℃积温（或越冬期负积温）与多个生育期的相关性显著,生育阶段积温的变化可能直接或间接影响了冬小麦的生长发育。越冬期负积温与返青、拔节、抽穗、乳熟和成熟期相关性最大,且与冬后多个生育期呈现一致的时空变异特征,其时空变异性可能是造成冬小麦冬后生育期在时空上存在差异的原因。 相似文献
3.
过去30年气候变化对华北平原冬小麦物候的影响研究 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
全球变暖已成为全球共同关注的问题。作物物候对气候变化的响应是研究气候变化对农业生产影响的重要内容。本文选用1981—2009年华北平原16个农业气象观测站的冬小麦物候资料,利用统计方法分析了冬小麦物候的变化趋势。结果表明,过去30年华北平原冬小麦播种期、出苗期和越冬开始期推迟,而返青期、开花期和成熟期呈提前趋势。物候期的提前或推迟促使小麦不同生长发育阶段历时发生变化,出苗—越冬开始、越冬开始—返青、返青—开花等阶段呈缩短趋势,但开花—成熟阶段生育期却延长0.9 d.10a 1,整个生育期历时呈减少趋势,平均减少3.4 d.10a 1。本文采用作物模型(CERES-Wheat)模拟固定小麦品种在气候变化背景下的物候变化趋势,以探讨冬小麦物候变化的主要驱动因子。模拟结果表明,过去30年小麦开花期和成熟期提前的主要驱动因素为气候变化,品种变换在一定程度上可减缓气候变化对物候的影响。 相似文献
4.
近20年来陕西中部地区主要农作物生育期变化趋势分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用陕西省中部地区8个农业气象观测站1992-2010年冬小麦、夏玉米的生育期观测资料,分析了这两种作物主要生育期的变化趋势。结果表明：该地区冬小麦全生育期有不断缩短趋势,变化速率约为每10a缩短2.96d,各个站点变化趋势基本一致,但减少的速度不尽相同,其中凤翔站变化趋势较为显著（显著性达0.05水平）;冬小麦其它各生育阶段也都呈现出比较一致的变化趋势,其中播种-出苗、返青-拔节、拔节-抽穗、返青-成熟阶段呈缩短趋势,抽穗-乳熟、乳熟-成熟、播种-越冬阶段呈延长趋势,其余生育阶段变化趋势不明显。该地区夏玉米全生育期呈较一致的延长趋势（显著性超过0.05）,增加速率约为4.29d/10a,延长的时间主要在播种-三叶、七叶-拔节、乳熟-成熟阶段,其余生育阶段变化趋势不明显。 相似文献
5.
1961-2001年间陕西冬小麦种植北界北移的热量资源分析与评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
气候变暖使农作物种植北界发生了不同程度的北移。为研究冬小麦在陕北地区种植的适宜性, 本文选取了该地区榆林、绥德、横山、吴起和延安5个站点1961-2001年间40年的逐日温度数据进行整理分析, 研究该地区冬前积温、越冬期负积温、1月平均温度、生育期≥0 ℃积温和年极端最低温度等指标及变化情况, 通过热量指标评价陕西省冬小麦北移的可行性。结果表明, 陕北地区冬小麦越冬期负积温、1月平均温和生育期≥0 ℃积温都呈显著升高趋势, 其中, 越冬期负积温每10年升高36.2~71.7 ℃·d, 1月平均温度每10年升高0.32~0.61 ℃, 生育期≥0 ℃积温每10年升高44.1~88.7 ℃·d。此外, 年极端最低温也表现出升高趋势, 但不显著。而冬前积温在延安和吴起两站点分别以20.3 ℃·d·10a-1和16.1 ℃·d·10a-1的速率显著升高, 但榆林和绥德两站则有所下降。整体而言, 到2001年, 延安站各项气温指标都能满足北移冬小麦需要, 热量资源不会成为该地冬小麦北移的障碍; 吴起和绥德1月份平均温度偏低, 北移存在一定风险; 而榆林和横山因越冬期负积温和1月平均温度过低而存在较大风险, 不适合北移冬小麦的种植。 相似文献
6.
中国冬小麦需水量时空特征分析 总被引：15，自引：4，他引：11
作物需水量是科学确定灌溉时期和灌溉量的重要依据。该文基于中国冬小麦种植区22个省(市、自治区)356个气象站点的气候资料以及冬小麦生育期资料,采用FAO推荐的Penman-Monteith公式和作物系数计算了中国冬小麦1961-2010年全生育期及不同生育阶段的需水量,明确了研究区域内冬小麦需水量的空间分布特征和年代际变化特征,并结合降水量时空分布特征,综合分析冬小麦生长季内水分满足情况。研究结果表明:除播种-越冬(出苗)生育阶段冬小麦降水量空间分布特征不明显外,全生育期及各生育阶段冬小麦降水量空间分布特征均为东南沿海地区高西北内陆地区低的分布特征;除返青(出苗)-拔节生育阶段冬小麦需水量空间分布特征不明显外,全生育期及其他各生育阶段空间分布特征均呈西北高东南低的分布趋势;冬小麦全生育期和各生育阶段需水量近50a来均呈下降趋势,尤其是全生育期及开花-成熟生育阶段内需水量下降趋势更明显,返青(出苗)-拔节生育阶段下降速率较少;若不考虑灌溉条件,从全国尺度来看,华南冬麦区和长江下游冬麦区水分满足情况较好,其他区域冬小麦各个生育阶段的降水条件均不能满足水分需求。比较各区域典型站点冬小麦水分满足情况,北部冬麦区、黄淮冬麦区、新疆冬春麦区和西南冬麦区水分亏缺比较严重,比较水分亏缺严重区域的冬小麦各个生育阶段的水分满足情况看出,相对水分亏缺程度较轻的为播种-越冬生育阶段,开花-成熟生育阶段冬小麦的水分亏缺程度最严重,该生育阶段是决定冬小麦千粒重的关键期,有灌溉条件地区适时灌溉,对保证高产稳产具有重要意义。 相似文献
7.
气候变化背景下,作物发育阶段日数发生了明显变化,其对温度变化的敏感性也成为气候变化对农业影响研究的重要内容。针对现有温度敏感性研究的不足,本文提出相对敏感性的概念,并以此分析华北平原冬小麦敏感性的时空分布特征。利用65个农业气象观测站1980-2012年冬小麦发育期观测资料及同期逐日平均气温数据,将发育期分为播种-越冬、越冬-返青、返青-抽穗和抽穗-成熟4个主要发育阶段,采用线性回归方法计算各阶段发育期日数对温度变化的相对敏感性,并用GIS空间插值方法研究相应指标的时空变化特征。结果表明：(1)各发育阶段平均温度均呈上升趋势,不同发育阶段日数具有明显的区域分布规律;(2)播种-越冬期对温度的敏感性为-0.113～0.029℃-1,区域平均-0.040℃-1,该期敏感性呈中间高两端低的区域分布特征,且敏感性具有一定的普遍性;(3)越冬-返青期敏感性为-0.081～0.091℃-1,平均0.013℃-1。该期敏感性区域波动大,但无明显区域特征,敏感性的稳定程度也较弱;(4)返青-抽穗期敏感性在-0.112～-0.035℃-1,平均-0.074℃-1。敏感性无明显区域特征,但敏感性的稳定性高;(5)抽穗-成熟期敏感性在-0.114～0.014℃-1,平均-0.042℃-1,呈显著的南高北低的空间分布特征,在区域上具有很强的稳定性。总体上,不同发育阶段对温度的敏感性差异较大,且敏感性具有明显的区域分布特征。 相似文献
8.
主要生育期气候变化对河南省冬小麦生长及产量的影响 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
为分析不同生育期气候变化对冬小麦生长及产量的影响,本研究选择河南省30个农业气象观测站1961—2014年气象资料、1981—2014年冬小麦发育期及产量资料,采用数理统计与DSSAT-CERES Wheat模型模拟相结合的方法,分析了冬小麦播种—返青、返青—抽穗、抽穗—成熟3个时期的气候变化特征及其对生育期和产量的影响。结果表明:研究区气候变化的显著特征是播种—返青期日照时数按40.09 h·(10a)~(-1)的速率显著减少(P0.05),返青—抽穗期平均日最高气温和平均日最低气温同时大幅升高。冬小麦幼穗分化随着抽穗前日最低气温的升高按2.9 d·(10a)~(-1)的速率而提前结束,返青前气候变化对后续生育进程有持续影响,气象因子与播种—抽穗期、播种—成熟期持续日数以负相关关系为主。两种分析方法均表明:当前河南麦区播种—返青期气候变化对产量的影响不大,在一定范围内甚至有增产作用,气象因子贡献率平均为0.758;返青—抽穗期气候变化使穗密度和穗粒数平均减少2.74%和3.94%,大于抽穗—成熟期。不同生育期气候变化情景下,冬小麦高产和稳产均受影响,代表站点播种—返青、返青—抽穗、抽穗—成熟期分别平均减产1.6%、6.3%和4.8%,其中播种—返青、抽穗—成熟期影响产量的关键气象因子是日最高气温,而返青—抽穗期是日最低气温。 相似文献
9.
冬前不同管理措施对土壤温度和冬小麦早期生长的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
华北平原冬小麦/夏玉米一年两作下的少免耕和秸秆还田在减少耕作投入和降低农田无效蒸发方面作用显著,但也存在一些不利影响。本研究通过详细测定镇压、冬灌、秸秆覆盖等措施对土壤温度和冬小麦早期生长的影响,明确了少免耕和秸秆还田等措施的实施效果,为农业生产提供指导。结果表明,秸秆覆盖后土壤表层和5 cm深度最低地温越冬前、越冬期间和返青后比不覆盖分别高2.37℃、3.18℃、1.68℃和0.57℃、1.28℃、0.34℃,最高温度分别低2.68℃、4.40℃、4.82℃和0.54℃、0.75℃、1.85℃;冬灌后至冬小麦返青期表层土壤和5 cm处土壤平均最低温度比不冬灌分别高0.88℃和0.93℃,返青至拔节期两个层次的最高温度相差5.35℃和5.57℃;镇压与不镇压温度差异不明显。与对照相比,越冬前后秸秆覆盖和冬灌后冬小麦的茎蘖数和生物量都较低,尤其是在返青期,秸秆覆盖和冬灌下的茎蘖数和生物量比对照分别低29.8%、27.7%和5.2%、21.2%。秸秆覆盖和冬灌在冬季可降低最低温度的降幅,但春季不利于地温回升,有延缓冬小麦生长发育的可能。 相似文献
10.
全膜覆盖已成为西北干旱半干旱地区农作物的最佳种植模式,可显著提高降水利用率和作物生产力,但目前对其土壤微生物环境效应缺乏系统研究分析。2012-2016年在甘谷采用田间试验方法,比较了露地穴播(M0)、全膜覆土穴播(M1)和全膜穴播(M2)冬小麦和油菜各生育期土壤含水量、温度、微生物量、酶活以及产量的变化。结果表明:与M0处理相比,M1和M2在冬小麦拔节和油菜开花前的土壤含水量分别提高3.83%~15.85%和2.53%~15.53%;土壤温度分别平均提高0.9~1.7℃和0.8~2.7℃。在冬小麦返青期-拔节期,M1和M2的土壤微生物量碳较M0分别平均增加25.64%和23.55%;在油菜返青期-开花期,M1和M2的土壤微生物量碳较M0分别平均增加24.70%和24.63%,显著差异。在冬小麦返青期-拔节期,M1和M2的土壤微生物量氮较M0分别平均增加20.42%和12.65%;在油菜返青期-苗薹期,M1、M2的土壤微生物量氮较M0显著增加。M1和M2冬小麦和油菜各生育期的脲酶活性显著高于M0(除2013年冬小麦的孕穗期和成熟期)。冬小麦和油菜各生育期的蔗糖酶均表现为M1高于M0,而碱性磷酸酶则表现为M1低于M0(除2013年冬小麦的成熟期)。且在2014-2015和2015-2016年全膜穴播增温保水,提高土壤微生物活性的效果较为明显。土壤微生物量碳、氮含量,脲酶,蔗糖酶与土壤含水量、土壤温度温度呈相关或极显著相关。基于对土壤水热环境和微生物活性的影响,M1和M2分别比M0的冬小麦产量增加,而且干旱年份的增加幅度更高。 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
15.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
16.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
19.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献