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1.
应用诊断施肥综合法(DRIS)对低产园和高产园槟榔进行了叶片营养诊断。结果表明,相对于高产园,低产园元素间关系较不平衡。槟榔叶片N、P、K、Ca、Mg以及Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn的适宜含量分别为(20.53±0.67)、(1.90±0.01)、(13.30±0.46)、(7.14±0.57)、(3.68±0.41)g/kg及(109.50±4.16)、(112.50±9.02)、(6.07±0.64)、(31.23±0.15)mg/kg。低产园N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn元素DRIS诊断指数分别为-44.58、-1.60、-17.16、0.09、-31.94、52.78、31.03、23.12、-11.74,需求强度较大的元素为N、Mg、K,其次是Zn、P。 相似文献
2.
比较4种叶片营养诊断方法在龙眼上应用的优缺点,确定适用于龙眼的营养诊断方法并建立诊断指标,为华南龙眼叶片营养诊断和养分管理提供科学依据。2017—2019年在华南主产区分别采集2次末次梢老熟期和果实膨大期龙眼叶片样本,测定大、中、微量元素含量,记录果实产量,建立产量与叶片养分含量关系函数;利用4种叶片营养诊断方法[临界值法（CVA）、充足范围法（SRA）、诊断施肥综合法（M-DRIS）、组分营养诊断法（CND）],分别对2年4个时期叶片营养状况进行诊断。结果表明,龙眼年际产量变异大,不同年份同一生育期及同年不同生育期叶片多数养分含量差异显著,但2年高产群体叶片养分含量较为接近。根据产量与叶片养分含量关系模型,CVA仅获得少数养分的诊断指标,M-DRIS和CND只能定性列出养分需求顺序,而且诊断准确性与诊断时期、养分丰缺程度有关且年际差异很大,SRA可获得所有养分诊断指标,而且2年指标接近。故SRA可用于龙眼叶片营养诊断,并用该法建立末次梢老熟期和果实膨大期龙眼叶片养分诊断指标体系。用该法获得龙眼末次梢老熟期叶片养分适宜水平为N 22.6~24.3 g/kg、P 1.56~ 1.86 g/kg、K 10.2~11.3 g/kg、Ca 5.7~7.1 g/kg、Mg 1.07~1.25 g/kg、S 1.39~1.52 g/kg、Fe 34.2~ 41.3 mg/kg、Mn 30.8~ 51.3 mg/kg、Cu 6.3~7.6 mg/kg、Zn 18.2~21.9 mg/kg、B 17.1~24.0 mg/kg;果实膨大期叶片养分适宜范围为N 20.8~21.7 g/kg、P 1.29~1.44 g/kg、K 8.0~9.5 g/kg、Ca 15.6~19.1 g/kg、Mg 1.29~17.20 g/kg、S 1.56~1.73 g/kg、Fe 52.8~67.5 mg/kg、Mn 43.9~73.9 mg/kg、Cu 5.1~5.9 mg/kg、Zn 32.2~38.3 mg/kg、B 24.3~28.1 mg/kg。 相似文献
3.
海南‘红金龙’芒果叶片矿质养分特征与诊断指标 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在海南的岛东林场、乐东阳光、陵水福田、陵水六合、乐东千家基地5个具有代表性的芒果种植区,选择长势正常的果树随机进行样品采集,分析第一、二蓬叶中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S 6种矿质养分含量,对‘红金龙’芒果叶片进行矿质养分的变化规律分析,确定进行叶片养分诊断的适宜采样时间和适宜采样指标,为确定‘红金龙’芒果营养诊断指标提供参考依据。研究红金龙第一、二蓬叶片的N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S 6种矿质营养元素在不同月份的变异系数和平均值。结果表明：12月份第二蓬叶N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S 6种矿质元素变异系数小,且叶片矿质元素含量稳定能代表全年树体营养状况。故‘红金龙’叶片营养诊断在12月采集第二蓬叶作为测定N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S 6种矿质养分较为适宜,营养诊断指标值：氮14.74~18.28 g/kg,磷0.99~1.33 g/kg,钾8.98~12.1 g/kg,钙21.91~30.03 g/kg,镁1.77~1.89 g/kg,硫1.25~1.51 g/kg。 相似文献
4.
主栽品种龙眼生物学性状及营养累积特点 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在华南龙眼主产区挖取16~17 a成熟期中高产石硖、储良、福眼和松风本龙眼（Dimocarpus longan Lour.）各1株,调查树体生物学性状,探讨养分元素在树体的累积和分配。结果显示,4株龙眼地上部树体生物量平均为264.3 kg（鲜重）,果实、叶片和树干分别占地上部生物量的28.4%、12.3%和59.3%。在果实成熟期,叶片、树干、根系和果皮均以Ca含量最高,果肉以K含量最高,果核N含量最高。为生产50 kg果实,龙眼地上部需吸收N 668.6 g、P 102.0 g、K 461.6 g、Ca 1310.4 g、Mg 80.7 g、S 43.3 g、Si 63.8 g、Fe 20.1 g、Mn 5.8 g、Cu 349.9 mg、Zn 1245.9 mg、B 849.5 mg和Mo 8.7 mg。Ca是龙眼最重要的营养元素。收获50 kg龙眼果实,带走养分量为N 167.8 g、P 23.1 g、K 156.4 g、Ca 57.0 g、Mg 12.6 g、S 8.4 g、Si 0.7 g、Fe 0.7 g、Mn 0.4 g、Cu 110.5 mg、Zn 155.6 mg、B 125.3 mg和Mo 1.6 mg。为维持立地土壤养分肥力及龙眼植株正常生长,果实带走养分量应为翌年施肥量的下限。对生产中因营养问题引起的龙眼叶片缺素和果实生长异常现象进行讨论后,建议今后加强龙眼Ca、Mg、Si和B营养的研究。 相似文献
5.
为了解不同木薯种质资源矿物质元素含量,优选含量丰富的品种,为木薯的综合利用提供数据支撑,本文采用马弗炉法、原子吸收和原子荧光法分别对113份木薯种质资源灰分与矿物质元素含量进行测定,结果表明：矿物质元素Cr、Cu、Se含量均低于1 mg/kg（干重）,Ca、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Na、Zn含量分别为66.39~1609.81 mg/kg、4.35~ 38.93 mg/kg、1954.56~8762.78 mg/kg、149.04~1143.73 mg/kg、4.48~37.40 mg/kg、36.80~530.40 mg/kg、6.35~24.83 mg/kg。利用概率分级法将113份木薯种质资源灰分及矿物质元素含量分为5级,即极高、高、中、低和极低,并推荐极高品系作为基础亲本材料。在相关性分析中,灰分与Fe、Mg、Na、Zn含量具有较为显著的相关性,Ca含量与K、Mn含量呈极显著正相关,Ca含量与Mg、Na含量呈极显著负相关,Fe含量与Mg、Na、Zn含量成极显著正相关,K含量与Mn含量呈极显著正相关,与Na含量呈极显著负相关,Mg含量与Na、Zn含量呈极显著正相关,Zn含量与Mn、Na含量呈极显著正相关。Zn与各矿物质元素的吸收有较强的相互促进作用,Fe含量与Mg、Na含量有较强的相互促进作用,Ca含量与K、Mn的吸收有较强的促进作用,而Ca、K、Mn与Fe、Mg、Na的吸收可能存在一定的拮抗作用。结合主成分分析、聚类分析对不同木薯种质资源矿物质元素含量进行综合评价,得到特征值大于1的主成分2个,累计方差贡献率达61.707%。聚类分析可将113个木薯种质资源分为3类,根据矿物质元素含量差异可将不同木薯品种分为Na、Mg、Zn、Fe含量较高和Mn、Ca、K、Zn含量较高两大类,主成分综合评价中‘274'‘50'‘571'‘521'‘417'等木薯种质资源得分较高。 相似文献
6.
对黄淮海区36个主推玉米品种子粒各微量和常量矿物质元素含量进行分析。结果表明,玉米子粒Zn、Fe、Mn和Cu浓度变化范围分别为16.2~24.0、17.7~32.9、3.3~7.4和1.1~2.4 mg/kg,其平均浓度分别为20.1、23.0、4.5和1.6 mg/kg,变异系数分别为10.3%、23.0%、23.9%和22.1%。Ca和Mg浓度范围分别为37.8~93.5和1 002.1~1 357.4 mg/kg,平均浓度分别为68.3和1 163.2 mg/kg,变异系数为25.3%和7.9%。N,K和P浓度范围分别为8.9~14.0、3.2~4.8和2.2~3.0 g/kg,平均浓度分别为11.5,3.9和2.6 g/kg,变异系数分别为12.4%,10.7%和8.3%。子粒中60.2%~85.9%的P以植酸磷形态存在,与Zn和Fe均无相关性;Zn和Fe同时与Mn、Mg和K呈显著正相关,表明玉米子粒中Zn、Fe、Mn、Mg和K浓度提高的同时不会提高植酸P浓度,有利于提高子粒Zn和Fe的生物有效性。 相似文献
7.
不同产地平贝母营养元素、有效成分及其相关性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为平贝母药材的质量评价提供参考和平贝母道地药材的规范化栽培提供理论指导,对东北三省9个不同产地的平贝母营养元素的含量和有效成分进行研究。结果显示平贝母中的N、P、K、B、Ca、Fe、Mg、Mn、Zn含量平均值分别为27420mg/kg、4440mg/kg、18500mg/kg、6.0mg/kg、1310mg/kg、610mg/kg、1160mg/kg、30mg/kg、160mg/kg,Cu、cd、Pb、Hg重金属含量不超标。9个不同产地之间的平贝母总生物碱含量差异达到了极显著水平;K、Hg和含量差异达到了显著水平,B、Ca、Fe、Mg、Mn、Zn、N、P、Cu、Cd、Pb和总皂苷含量的差异不显著。所有平贝母鳞茎营养元素和总生物碱含量无相关性,只有K元素和总皂苷含量呈显著正相关,可以模拟线性回归方程。 相似文献
8.
为明确矿质养分在‘砂糖橘’（Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Shiyue Ju）树体的分布规律,以7年生中高产‘砂糖橘’树为试材,采用挖取全株、分解取样的方法,研究了‘砂糖橘’养分累积及其分布特性。结果表明：为生产50 kg果实,‘砂糖橘’树体需要累积N 0.393 kg、P 0.040 kg、K 0.366 kg、Ca 0.161 kg、Mg 0.043 kg、S 0.083 kg、Fe 7 865 mg、Mn 1 837 mg、Cu 175 mg、Zn 1 356 mg、B 1 161 mg、Mo 2.6 mg。在成熟期每收获50 kg果实,其果实带走的养分量为N 0.208 kg、P 0.025 kg、K 0.237 kg、Ca 0.033 kg、Mg 0.017 kg、S 0.035 kg、Fe 702 mg、Mn 151 mg、Cu 87 mg、Zn 228 mg、B 573 mg、Mo 0.9 mg,养分比例N ∶ P ∶ K ∶ Ca ∶ Mg ∶ S为1 ∶ 0.12 ∶ 1.14 ∶ 0.16 ∶ 0.08 ∶ 0.17。同时,阐明了‘砂糖橘’不同部位养分含量和不同养分在‘砂糖橘’不同部位的分配模式。 相似文献
9.
研究西施柚果实发育过程K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Cu、Mn、Fe共7种金属营养元素的含量与分布、吸收规律及其与活性氧代谢的相关性.结果表明:(1)4～6月、6～8月和8～10月分别是果皮迅速生长期、果肉迅速生长期和果实转色成熟期.(2)果皮和果肉中K、Mg、Zn、Cu、Mn、Fe的含量均随果实的发育总体呈递减规律(果皮中Ca的含量相反),但7种元素的吸收总量则不断增加.K含量位居7种元素之首.K、Zn、Fe以果肉居多,Ca、Mg、Mn主要分布在果皮,Cu在果皮果肉中的含量相当.(3)7种元素的累积主要集中在6～8月果肉迅速增长期,K、Ca和Fe在10月果实成熟期也有较大的吸收.K的吸收率与单果重增长率呈极显著正相关,Ca和Fe与单果重、Mg和Cu与果肉直径呈显著正相关.(4)7种元素中K与其它元素的相关性显著率较高,Ca和Cu以负相关为主.(5)Mn和K与活性氧代谢指标相关性较显著,其次是Zn、Fe和Mg,Ca和Cu均不显著. 相似文献
10.
琯溪蜜柚品质综合评价及优质高产的营养诊断 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对302个代表性蜜柚果园的品质成分和叶片营养状况进行系统分析,探讨琯溪蜜柚果实品质评价中的主要影响因子以及对不同区域和土壤类型果园的果实品质进行综合评价,确定高产优质果树叶片养分元素适宜含量,并采用诊断施肥综合法（DRIS）对蜜柚果园进行了营养诊断研究。结果表明：经因子分析,提取出3个特征根>1的公因子,累积贡献率为69.7%,第1公因子中起主要作用的指标是固酸比、可溶性固形物和总糖,方差贡献率为36.8%;第2公因子中起主要作用的指标是粒化率和开裂瓣数,方差贡献率为20.3%;第3公因子中起主要作用的指标是单果重和可滴定酸,方差贡献率为12.7%;东半县的果实品质综合评价得分要优于西半县,山地红壤的果实品质综合得分要优于水稻土;琯溪蜜柚优质高产生产的叶片元素含量的适宜范围分别为：N 2.15%~2.80%,P 0.12%~0.17%,K 1.25%~1.85%,Ca 2.10%~4.25%,Mg 0.25%~0.55%,S 0.25%~0.40%,Mn 20~145 mg/kg,Zn 25~50 mg/kg,B 35~135 mg/kg;通过DRIS营养诊断表明,东半县山地红壤果园最缺乏的元素是B、Mg和Ca,东半县水稻土果园最缺乏的元素是Mg、N和P,西半县山地红壤果园最缺乏的元素是Zn、Ca和Mg,西半县水稻土果园最缺乏的元素是Zn、K和S。因此,为满足人们对果实品质的更高要求,亟需根据新的营养诊断标准和区域的差异性调整施肥策略,实现琯溪蜜柚果实产量和品质的协同提高,促进琯溪蜜柚产业的可持续发展。 相似文献
11.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
17.
Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
18.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
19.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
20.
Tovar LR Olivos M Gutierrez ME 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(4):189-194
Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate
present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides
most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but
poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in
central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn. 相似文献