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1.
副猪嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus parasuis)是一种常见的猪(Susscrofa domestica)致病菌,其细胞致死性膨胀毒素(cytolethal distending toxin,CDT)被认为是一种重要的毒力因子,为进一步明确CDT的一些生物学及免疫学特性,本研究经体外组装获得了高纯度的CDT三聚体完整毒素,研究三聚体蛋白对Marc145及仔猪外周血淋巴细胞(peripheral blood lymphocyte,PBLC)的毒性作用,明确CDT三个亚基的特异性抗体对其细胞毒性的阻断作用.原核表达的3个CDT亚基经过共折叠形成了稳定的三聚体蛋白,能诱导Marc 145细胞产生典型的细胞病变.CdtB及CdtC的兔抗血清对CDT完整毒素具有中和作用,且CdtC的兔抗血清可以更有效地阻断CDT的细胞毒性作用,最大中和效价为1:16,而CdtA亚基的兔抗血清无中和作用.CDT可以抑制丝裂原活化的仔猪PBLC增殖作用.致病菌株及非致病菌株分泌蛋白中CDT的滴度一致,均为l:512.本研究结果表明,副猪嗜血杆菌CDT具有明显的免疫抑制作用,可能对于该菌在宿主体内定殖以及引起宿主系统感染至关重要,但并非造成不同菌株致病力显著差异的原因.本研究为揭示副猪嗜血杆菌的致病机理提供了重要信息. 相似文献
2.
广东地区副猪嗜血杆菌KRG血清分型及基因分型多态性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究对保存的2007～2008年广东地区发病猪群中分离的48株副猪嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus parasuis)进行了分析.用琼脂扩散进行血清分型,结果表明48株临床分离菌株鉴定出7个血清型,其中以5型为主,占总菌株的23.68%.采用肠杆菌基因间重复序列-PCR(Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR)法进行基因分型分析,结果显示,48株不同来源副猪嗜血杆菌菌株基因型呈现多态性分布;分析得到31个基因型PHYLIP-3.68软件对31个基因型的电泳图谱进行基因分型及遗传关系的分析,结果得到8个群,其中B为优势群,占总菌株数的66.67%.表明广东地区的副猪嗜血杆菌的基因型和血清型十分丰富,ERIC-PCR技术可成为其分子流行病学研究的有效手段. 相似文献
3.
大麦条纹病由麦类核腔菌(Pyrenophora graminea)引起,是一种世界性病害.为进一步探索条纹病与大麦(Hordeum vulgare)的相互作用,以大麦品种甘啤6号和Issto为实验材料,在接种麦类核腔菌(代号DWC)7和21d后提取叶片蛋白,运用2-DE和质谱分析技术研究条纹病菌侵染后叶片蛋白质组学的变化.结果显示,与对照相比,甘啤6号和Isotta差异表达量在1.4倍以上的蛋白点28个,其中在甘啤6号中表达上调的蛋白点4个,下调的6个,诱导表达的2个,抑制表达的2个;在Isotta中,表达上调的蛋白点3个,下调的4个,诱导表达的4个,抑制表达的3个.质谱鉴定分析发现,表达上调的蛋白包括二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶A(2号蛋白点)、肌动蛋白(9号蛋白点)、核糖体再循环因子(ribosome-recycling factor,RRF)(10号蛋白点)、ATP合酶γ链(11和27号蛋白点)、琥珀酸脱氢酶(辅酶q)黄素蛋白亚基(15号蛋白点)和假定蛋白(26号蛋白点):表达下调的包括过氧化物还原蛋白(4号蛋白点)、1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶大亚基(ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit,RuBisCo)(3、5、12、14、16和18号蛋白点)、ATP合酶CF1α亚基(13号蛋白点)、Ycf3蛋白(17号蛋白点)和α-1,4葡聚糖蛋白合酶(alpha-1,4-glucanprotein synthase,UTPG)(28号蛋白点);诱导表达蛋白包括假定蛋白(6号蛋白点)、脂氧合酶2(lipoxygenase 2,LOX2)(7号蛋白点)、捕光叶绿素a/b结合蛋白质(light harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding protein,LHCP)(19号蛋白点)、3-磷酸甘油酸激酶(3-phosphoglycerate kinase,PGK)(20号蛋白点)、凝集素(21号蛋白点)和ATP合酶γ链(22号蛋白点);抑制表达的蛋白包括RuBisCo(1、8、24和25号蛋白点)和二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶小链(ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small chain,RuBPCase)(23号蛋白点)等.按照其功能分类,这些差异表达蛋白点分别参与了光合作用、蛋白质生物合成、植物防卫反应、能量代谢和细胞信号转导、细胞结构和纤维素生物合成等生理功能.这些差异表达蛋白可能与大麦响应条纹菌侵染过程有关,研究结果有助于从蛋白质水平揭示不同抗性大麦品种抗条纹病的抗性机制. 相似文献
4.
家蚕品种间对浓核病毒（镇江株）具有不同的感染性,为了进一步探明家蚕对浓核病毒（镇江株）感性差异的分子机制,本文运用蛋白质电泳和质谱技术比较分析了两个对家蚕浓核病毒（镇江株）感性和抗性的近等基因系家蚕品种JS和NIL的血液和围食膜组织蛋白。结果表明：这两个家蚕品种的血液和围食膜组织蛋白组成差异很小。在血液组织蛋白中发现5个差异蛋白点,其中家蚕品种JS血液中有两个差异蛋白,可能分别为酪蛋白激酶和新型组织蛋白;在NIL血液组织中发现3个差异蛋白点,其中两个可能分别为线粒体延伸因子和类丝氨酸蛋白酶,另外1个的含量极显著高于JS,为血淋巴蛋白。在围食膜蛋白中共发现4个差异蛋白点,其中JS围食膜中有1个差异蛋白可能为新型组织蛋白;其余3个蛋白点在含量上相互间存在显著差异。本研究根据组织差异蛋白的功能初步推测家蚕对浓核病毒（镇江株）感性差异与血液蛋白差异无显著相关,与围食膜蛋白差异可能有关。 相似文献
5.
为筛选高效安全的杀虫资源,从海底淤泥中分离到一株对根结线虫(Meloidogyne spp.)高毒力的芽胞杆菌YBf-10,PCR扩增16S rRAN基因,经测序、序列比对分析和系统进化树构建,发现其与坚强芽胞杆菌(Bacillus firmus)Z1-7菌株16S rDNA同源性为99%,初步确定所分离的菌株为坚强芽胞杆菌。将该菌株培养至芽胞成熟,离心取上清,10倍稀释后进行生物测定,发现其对北方根结线虫二龄幼虫有很高的毒力。处理24h校正死亡率达到50%以上,72h达到100%。对根结线虫虫卵进行毒力测定表明,作用48h后能显著抑制虫卵孵化达到80%以上。在培养过程中分不同时段取样,并用所取样品上清进行生物测定,发现从稳定期开始表现出了对北方根结线虫的毒力,在整个稳定期毒力持续增强,直到衰亡期后期,毒力达到最高,表明坚强芽胞杆菌所产生的杀线虫活性物质主要是在稳定期合成的。将发酵上清80℃处理30min毒力无明显变化,通过饱和硫酸铵沉淀上清中蛋白,该蛋白对线虫无明显毒力,但是去蛋白后的上清对线虫仍然具有与未经处理上清相似的杀线虫活性,表明坚强芽胞杆菌产生的杀线虫活性物质是一种非蛋白类的小分子化合物。研究结果提示,本研究所分离的坚强芽胞杆菌在稳定期能够大量合成对线虫具有毒杀活性的小分子化合物,对根结线虫表现出极高毒力,为利用该菌株开发植物寄生线虫生防制剂提供了杀虫资源。 相似文献
6.
建立转乙肝表面抗原(HbsAg)基因樱桃番茄组培苗叶片的蛋白质组双向电泳体系,为转基因番茄的蛋白质组学研究提供技术参数。比较转HBsAg基因的樱桃番茄与野生型在不同蛋白裂解液、不同蛋白上样量及不同等电聚焦程序下,叶片总蛋白的双向电泳结果差异。以裂解液Ⅲ制备叶片总蛋白,采用一向13cm、pH3-10L IPG胶条,二向12.5%的SDS-PAGE凝胶,单次上样120μg叶片总蛋白,聚焦程序Ⅲ,银染时,可以得到最理想的双向电泳分析结果。在此操作程序下,野生型樱桃番茄叶片蛋白双向电泳最多可识别699个蛋白点,而转基因型樱桃番茄叶片蛋白双向电泳最多可识别545个蛋白点,其中有368个点匹配,选取丰度百分比差异2倍以上蛋白点25个进行质谱鉴定,16个蛋白点成功鉴定。本研究建立的转HBsAg基因番茄植株叶片总蛋白的双向电泳体系可为以番茄试管苗为材料进行的蛋白质组学研究提供技术支持。 相似文献
7.
龙眼成花逆转不同时期花芽差异蛋白的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2-DE差异显示和质谱分析研究了龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)成花逆转3个不同时期花芽的蛋白质组变化.在花穗叶片尚未展开期(Ⅰ期)共检测到1 012个蛋白点,花穗叶片展开但未转绿期(Ⅱ期)1 034个蛋白点,花穗叶片转绿期(Ⅲ期)1 098个蛋白点.发现19个差异表达的蛋白质,其中15个上调表达,4个下调表达.经MALDI-TOF-TOF/MS质谱分析和蛋白质数据库检索,有11个差异表达的蛋白质得到鉴定,分别为异黄酮还原酶相似蛋白(No.1)、二硫键异构酶前体相似蛋白(No.2)、拟南芥同源的某未知蛋白(No.3)、脱落胁迫成熟相似蛋白(No.4)、ATP合酶庋腔、真核翻译起始因子(No.9)、DNA结合蛋白MNB1B(No.10)、胞质磷酸甘油酸激酶(No.14)、过氧化物酶(No.16/17)和晚期胚胎丰富相似蛋白(No.19).这些蛋白分别在能量代谢、转录翻译、物质运输、信号转导以及胁迫生理等方面与龙眼成花逆转密切相关. 相似文献
8.
猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae,APP)以及副猪嗜血杆菌(Haemophilusparasuis,Hps)是引起猪发病的2种病菌。本研究以APP血清5型分离株(SW1)为基础材料,通过构建重组转移载体pBOSKΔIC-1和pBOSKΔIC/ompP2,构成卡那霉素抗性基因(Kanr)和枯草芽胞杆菌(Bacillussubtilis)的果聚蔗糖酶基因(sacB)的正负双向筛选表达盒,并筛选获得SW1株缺失毒素I的激活基因C(ApxIC),同时嵌合Hps外膜蛋白P2基因(ompP2)的复合突变株SW1ΔApxIC/ompP2。该突变株经鉴定,与SW1亲本株相比,其缺失了大小为475bp的apxIC基因,同时嵌合有大小为1107bp的Hps ompP2基因,其基本生长特性与亲本株(SW1)没有显著区别;同时在体外,连续传代10代之后缺失的apxIC基因不会发生回复突变,嵌入的ompP2基因仍能够稳定遗传。本研究成功构建了猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌缺失apxIC基因并嵌合有Hps ompP2基因复合突变株,为今后研究APP和Hps新型二联疫苗打下基础。 相似文献
9.
应用反向斑点杂交技术从转录序列的选择性捕获中筛选副猪嗜血杆菌表达差异基因 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过对靶DNA的种类和浓度、探针浓度、紫外交联时间等反向斑点杂交条件优化,建立了一种从选择性捕获的转录序列（selective capture of transcribed sequences,SCOTS）库中筛选副猪嗜血杆菌在体内、外差异表达的基因的方法。通过反向斑点杂交技术从10个样品中筛选出的6个样品被证明是副猪嗜血杆菌（Haemophilus parasuis）在体内上调表达或者是特异表达的基因。结果表明：SCOTS技术能够有效地获得一个可能存在差异表达基因的cDNA文库,而反向斑点杂交技术可以有效地从中筛选到差异表达基因。 相似文献
10.
内蒙古白绒山羊毛囊发育周期蛋白质表达谱分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
山羊绒毛的产量和绒毛纤维的质量与角蛋白有关。本研究旨在探讨内蒙古白绒山羊(Capra cashmere)毛囊差异表达蛋白质的变化规律,采用双向凝胶电泳(two dimensional gel electrophoresis,2-DE)技术分离一年中12个月份毛囊总蛋白质,建立了毛囊发育周期蛋白质图谱。使用质谱鉴定差异表达蛋白点,并分析部分蛋白点的表达趋势。结果表明,12个月样本的2-DE图谱显示,平均每块胶上可检测到255个蛋白点,分布在pI 4~7,分子量30~85 kD;软件分析得到20个差异表达蛋白点,质谱成功鉴定出12种蛋白质;这些蛋白质主要为角蛋白(keratin,K),参与细胞生物过程并发挥生物学功能。将12个月做以下划分:11、12、1和2月4个月归为毛囊退行期,3和4月归为毛囊休止期,此时蛋白质表达量明显降低;5、6、7、8、9和10月归为毛囊兴盛期,蛋白质表达量为一年中最高。初步得出K1、K5、K71和K25在毛囊发育的兴盛期表达量高,可能促进毛囊的生长发育。K83和K10在毛囊休止期表达量高,可能与毛囊的休止有关。研究建立了良好的皮肤毛囊蛋白质表达谱,分析并鉴定了差异蛋白质及其表达趋势,对于从蛋白质组学研究内蒙古白绒山羊毛囊生长和发育,寻找标记蛋白应用于绒山羊育种提供了新的研究线索。 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
15.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
17.
Electron donor and pH relationships for biologically enhanced dissolution of chlorinated solvent DNAPL in groundwater 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Biologically enhanced dissolution offers a method to speed removal of chlorinated solvent dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) sources such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichoroethene (TCE) from aquifers. Bioremediation is accomplished by adding an electron donor to the source zone where fermentation to intermediates leading to acetic acid and hydrogen results. The hydrogen and possibly acetic acid are used by dehalogenating bacteria to convert PCE and TCE to ethene and hydrochloric acid. Reductive dehalogenation is thus an acid forming process, and sufficient alkalinity must be present to maintain a near neutral pH. The bicarbonate alkalinity required to maintain pH above 6.5 is a function of the electron donor: 800 mg/L of bicarbonate alkalinity is sufficient to achieve about 1.2 mM TCE dechlorination with glucose, 1.7 mM with lactate, and a much higher 3.3 mM with formate. Laboratory studies indicate that in mixed culture, formate can be used as an electron donor for complete conversion to ethene, contrary to pure cultures studies indicating it cannot. Various strategies can be used to add electron donor to an aquifer for DNAPL dehalogenation while minimizing pH problems and excessive electron donor usage, including use of injection-extraction wells, dual recirculation wells, and nested injection-extraction wells. 相似文献
18.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
19.
Y. Bashan J. J. Bustillos L. A. Leyva J.-P. Hernandez M. Bacilio 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(4):279-285
Inoculation of wheat seedlings with the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Cd was immobilized in alginate microbeads and, without applying any stress, significantly increased the quantity of several
photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the auxiliary photoprotective pigments violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, antheroxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, and β-carotene.
This resulted in greener plants with no apparent visible stress. After monitoring the quantity of photosynthetic pigments
for 4 weeks, we observed that inoculated plants had higher quantities of pigments in shoot and stem. The greatest difference
in the quantity of all pigments between inoculated and noninoculated plants occurred in the first week of growth. Regardless
of treatment, the quantity of pigments in stems was three to four times less than the quantity of these pigments in shoots.
Application of Azospirillum, either as liquid inoculant or as alginate microbeads, did not alter the positive effect of the bacteria on pigment production
or the positive response of the plants towards A. brasilense Cd inoculation. 相似文献
20.
Three slow-growing legume trees used for desert reforestation and urban gardening in the Sonoran Desert of Northwestern Mexico
and the Southwestern USA were evaluated whether their growth can be promoted by inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria
(Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus pumilus), unidentified arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (mainly Glomus sp.), and supplementation with common compost under regular screenhouse cultivation common to these trees in nurseries. Mesquite
amargo (Prosopis articulata) and yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla) had different positive responses to several of the parameters tested while blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida) did not respond. Survival of all tree species was over 80% and survival of mesquite was almost 100% after 10 months of cultivation.
Inoculation with growth-promoting microorganisms induced significant effects on the leaf gas exchange of these trees, measured
as transpiration and diffusive resistance, when these trees were cultivated without water restrictions. 相似文献