共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 375 毫秒
1.
长期施肥对棕壤团聚体组成及其主要养分赋存的影响 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7
采用干筛法对长期不同施肥处理棕壤进行团聚体分级,并对不同级别团聚体中有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)和全钾(TK)含量与分配进行分析,探讨了土壤团聚体与土壤肥力状况的关系。结果表明,棕壤团聚体以0.25~1mm为优势粒级。有机肥(猪粪)施用与有机无机(猪粪+氮肥)配施不仅增加了大团聚体含量,提高了团聚体稳定性,而且还增加了各粒级团聚体的SOC、TN、TP和TK含量,其中大团聚体中增加较多(0.25mm)。无机肥(氮肥)施用减少了大团聚体含量,降低了土壤团聚化程度,同时降低了各粒级团聚体的SOC、TP和TK含量。各施肥处理下大团聚体较微团聚体中含有更高的碳、氮、磷和钾储量。有机碳、全氮和全磷储量均与2mm团聚体含量呈显著正相关(P0.05)。2,1~2mm团聚体含量和平均重量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)呈显著正相关(P0.05),其中2mm团聚体含量与MWD、GMD达到极显著正相关(P0.01)。因此,在农业生产过程中可以施用有机肥来改善土壤结构,提高土壤肥力。 相似文献
2.
田间陈化生物质炭提高稻田土壤团聚体稳定性和磷素利用率 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
3.
间歇性降雨对土壤团聚体粒级及磷、铜、锌富集的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
探讨间歇降雨条件下土壤干湿交替对团聚体粒级动态变化的影响,对加深径流泥沙运移和分选机制的理解、揭示土壤微量元素随地表径流迁移的规律具有重要意义。通过37d内的5场间歇性人工降雨实验,观测了降雨激发的团聚体破碎过程和降雨间歇段干缩过程导致的团聚体粒径分布的动态变化,并通过分析不同团聚体粒级总磷、铜、锌含量的动态变化,评估了间歇降雨对土壤污染物富集特征的影响。结果表明,间歇性降雨导致的土壤干湿交替引发了剧烈的团聚体粒级周转,团聚体稳定性随实验推移呈总体退化状态,具体体现在250μm微团聚体的比例随实验推移显著下降,而250μm微粒的比例显著上升(P0.05)。团聚体粒径分布的变化引起了不同粒径磷、铜、锌含量的同步变化,三种元素从250μm向63μm粒级逐渐转移,造成63μm粒级内各元素浓度在实验末期达到最高,这意味着间歇性降雨引起的团聚体结构退化和250μm微粒的增加及微量元素富集会加大水土流失及伴随污染物排放的风险。本研究揭示了间歇性降雨引起的土壤团聚体结构变化及对泥沙分选和元素迁移过程的影响,为土壤侵蚀引起的横向物质运移机制提供了一定的理论参考。 相似文献
4.
[目的] 将解冻逐层剥离过程与粒级沉降模拟相结合,探究融雪径流情景下坡面土壤逐层解冻过程中泥沙粒级分选规律及伴随的碳氮盐分布特性,为深入揭示东北坡面土层冻融侵蚀机理及伴生的微环境效应提供依据。[方法] 以东北坡面黑土为例,开展了土柱冻融试验,主要包括非冻融、全冻全融与冻结后渐次解冻(土柱置于浸水环境,由外至内分融化出T1—T3 3层)处理,借助沉降管对各处理的土壤进行粒级沉降分选试验,对各分选粒级电导率(EC)、pH值、有机碳(SOC)、氮(TN)等进行了测定分析。[结果] ①土壤经全冻全融后,沉降分选所得＞500 μm和≤125 μm的颗粒含量减少,125～500 μm的颗粒增加;土壤EC在大粒级中较高;SOC和TN在大粒级中(＞500 μm)含量降低,在较小粒级(≤125 μm)含量增加。②渐次分层解冻土壤经沉降后,外层(T1)≤63 μm颗粒偏少,内层(T3)125～500 μm颗粒偏多;盐分和有机碳氮在外层大粒级中含量较高。③全冻全融土壤沉降后,盐分流失率达64.8%,SOC和TN流失率相对较低,为4.08%和2.72%;渐次解冻沉降处理内层(T3)土壤盐分和有机质流失程度大于外层(T1)。[结论] 冻融沉降后,外层土壤破碎程度大,坡面土壤颗粒趋向均质化;有机质含量在粒级间差异明显,其在小粒级土壤中分布更加稳定;盐分和有机质在冻融沉降过程中会从土壤内层向外层迁移而造成流失。 相似文献
5.
全氮(TN)作为土壤团聚体形成的胶结物质之一,能加速不同粒级团聚体之间的转化。以黄土高原王茂沟小流域为研究对象,采用"S"法及挖剖面法对坡耕地、草地、灌木地、林地及梯田0—60 cm土壤进行分层取样,以坡耕地为对照,探究4种生态建设下土壤团聚体稳定性及其TN含量,分析不同深度(0—20,20—40,40—60 cm)、不同粒级(5,5～2,2～1,1～0.5,0.5～0.25,0.25 mm)土壤团聚体TN贡献率。结果表明:生态建设显著提高了土壤大团聚体含量,其中草地、林地与坡耕地相比,表层土壤5 mm团聚体分别增加469%和438%,土壤团聚体稳定性(MWD、GMD)增加,在垂直方向上则表现为团聚体稳定性随土层深度增加而降低。较之坡耕地,草地、灌木地、林地及梯田可在不同程度上提高土壤团聚体TN含量,其中林地团聚体TN储量(36.53 kg/m~2)最高,灌木地(32.12 kg/m~2)、草地(20.30 kg/m~2)及梯田(18.62 kg/m~2)TN储量较坡耕地分别增加131%,46%,34%,随着土层深度增加,不同生态建设类型对团聚体TN含量的影响逐渐弱化。随着坡耕地-草地-灌木地-林地的自然演替过程,0.25 mm团聚体TN贡献率呈降低趋势,梯田能够在一定程度上改良坡耕地的土壤结构,粒径范围在5～0.25 mm的土壤团聚体TN含量近乎达到草地的恢复水平,但5 mm团聚体的恢复空间尚且较大。 相似文献
6.
不同土地利用方式对棕壤及其各级微团聚体中有机磷组分的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
采用Bowman-cole有机磷分级法研究了典型棕壤及其各级微团聚体中有机磷组分在林地、柞树林地、耕地3种土地利用方式下的变化情况.结果表明,有机磷总量在3种利用方式下表现为林地＞耕地＞柞树林地,有机磷占全磷的比例却为林地＞柞树林地＞耕地.土地利用方式对棕壤活性有机磷和高稳性有机磷的含量及有效性影响甚微,开垦为耕地可保持中活性有机磷含量并提高其有效性,开垦为柞树林地则显著降低其含量,耕垦可显著降低耕地中中稳性有机磷含量及其比例.耕垦可以降低有机磷总量在各级微团聚体中的含量,且降低率随粒级的增大而增加,提高50～250 μm粒级活性有机磷的有效性,降低＜10 μm和50～250 μm粒级中的中活性有机磷含量,开垦为耕地有利于＜10 μm粒级中其有效性的保持,可显著降低10～50 μm和50～250 μm粒级中稳性有机磷含量,尤其显著降低耕地中其占有机磷的比例,开垦为柞树林有地有利于高稳性有机磷在各粒级中的分解转化,开垦为耕地的却有利于高稳性有机磷在10～50 μm和50～250 μm粒级中累集. 相似文献
7.
铁氧化物是土壤团聚体重要的胶结物质,其主要存在于土壤黏粒中。为探索紫云英还田并配施化肥下土壤团聚体中铁氧化物的变化规律及其在不同粒级黏粒组分中的富集特点,以湖南省南县长期紫云英还田的水稻土为研究对象,选择单施紫云英（MV）、单施化肥（F100）、紫云英配施全量化肥（MV+F100）和紫云英配施80%化肥（MV+F80）4个处理,通过湿筛和离心分离土壤团聚体（>250、53~250 和2~53 μm）和黏粒（<2 μm）,测定不同处理土壤团聚体及其黏粒中铁氧化物的含量,并分析它们与团聚体稳定性的关系。结果表明：（1）与MV和F100相比,紫云英与全量化肥配施增加了>250 μm粒级团聚体的含量,降低了53~250 μm粒级团聚体含量,团聚体平均重量直径（MWD）和几何平均直径（GMD）分别提高了8.2%~20.5%和4.1%~8.5%。（2）与MV相比,紫云英与化肥配施显著提高了各粒级团聚体、2~53 μm团聚体黏粒和自由态黏粒非晶质铁的含量（12.7%~55.6%,52.4%~54.9%和45.9%~48.6%）,降低了>250和53~250 μm团聚体非晶质铁的富集率（32.8%~36.8%和17.2%~28.4%）。而与F100相比,2~53 μm团聚体和团聚体黏粒非晶质铁的含量以及富集率均显著降低（3.5%~21.3%、29.2%~30.4%和10.9%~26.9%）。（3）>250 μm团聚体含量与团聚体黏粒的非晶质铁含量、铁的活化度呈极显著正相关,与团聚体黏粒的游离铁含量、非晶质铁的富集率呈显著正相关。团聚体的MWD和GMD与>250μm团聚体含量呈极显著正相关,而与<2 μm团聚体含量呈极显著负相关。>250、2~53 μm团聚体黏粒和自由态黏粒的游离铁是团聚体MWD和GMD最重要的影响因子。紫云英与化肥配施,能够提高团聚体黏粒铁氧化物的含量,促进>250 μm团聚体的形成,从而增强团聚体的稳定性。 相似文献
8.
免耕对潮土不同粒级团聚体有机碳含量及微生物碳代谢活性的影响 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
利用中国科学院封丘农业生态国家实验站玉米-小麦轮作免耕定位试验平台,研究不同耕作方式对潮土不同粒级团聚体的分布、有机碳含量及微生物群落碳代谢活性的影响。结果表明,与传统翻耕处理相比,免耕潮土中大于250μm粒级团聚体显著增加(p0.05),50～2μm粒级团聚体显著减少(p0.05),250～50μm和小于2μm两个粒级团聚体没有明显变化;大于250μm和250～50μm两个粒级团聚体有机碳含量显著升高(p0.05),50～2μm和小于2μm两个粒级团聚体有机碳含量没有明显变化,250～50μm粒级取代50～2μm粒级成为对土壤有机碳总量贡献最大的团聚体。BIOLOG测试结果表明,免耕和翻耕两种措施下不同粒级团聚体微生物群落碳代谢特征存在明显差异,且免耕处理250～50μm和小于2μm两个粒级团聚体微生物群落碳代谢活性显著低于翻耕处理(p0.05)。结果显示,免耕有利于小粒级团聚体向大粒级团聚体方向聚合,大于50μm粒级团聚体固持的有机碳增多,其中持碳最多的250～50μm粒级团聚体的微生物碳代谢活性下降,故土壤有机碳稳定性升高。 相似文献
9.
δ13C法研究砂姜黑土添加秸秆后团聚体有机碳变化规律 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
为研究水稻秸秆添加对砂姜黑土水稳性团聚体分布及稳定性的影响,探索水稻秸秆腐解过程中外源新碳及原有机碳在不同粒级团聚体中的分配规律,该文通过室内模拟试验,运用δ~(13)C示踪方法,将稳定同位素碳(δ~(13)C)标记的水稻秸秆添加入砂姜黑土,利用湿筛法得到不同培养时期不同粒级的土壤水稳性团聚体,测定不同时期各粒级土壤外源新碳及原有机碳含量。结果表明:未添加水稻秸秆的砂姜黑土(对照组),水稳性微团聚体(250μm)占主体,团聚体有机碳含量低。与对照相比,添加水稻秸秆(试验组)显著促进了2000、2000~250μm粒级水稳性大团聚体的团聚(P0.05);培养到120 d时,2000、2000~250μm水稳性团聚体比对照组分别增加了265.5%、16.0%,促使水稳性大团聚体(250μm)占主体,显著提高了砂姜黑土水稳性团聚体的平均重量直径(mean weight diameter,MWD)、几何平均直径(geometric mean diameter,GMD)、水稳性大团聚体含量(R0.25),降低了分形维数(D)值(P0.05),土壤结构稳定性明显得到改善。试验组各粒级团聚体有机碳含量显著增加,培养到15 d时,2000、2000~250、250~53、53μm粒级团聚体有机碳分别比对照组增加了21.4%、25.4%、34.7%、50.0%,其中微团聚体有机碳增加幅度大于大团聚体的增加幅度。MWD、GMD、R0.25与2000~250、250~53μm粒级团聚体有机碳呈极显著正相关关系(P0.01),与2000μm粒级团聚体有机碳呈显著正相关关系(P0.05)、与53μm粒级团聚体有机碳关系不显著。不同粒级团聚体的δ~(13)C值明显增加,动态变化较大,表明外源新碳周转速率较快。外源新碳主要分配在250~53、53μm粒级微团聚体中,分配比例分别为38%、28%,外源新碳的分解速率明显快于原有机碳。研究得出添加水稻秸秆有利于增加砂姜黑土的团聚体稳定性,提高土壤及不同粒级团聚体的有机碳含量,提升土壤碳水平,改善了土壤结构,这为淮北地区土壤质量提升及有机碳循环提供了理论依据。 相似文献
10.
为了阐明人工梭梭林土壤碳氮磷密度及其生态化学计量特征演变规律,以吉兰泰荒漠区不同林龄(3,6,11,16年)人工梭梭林为研究对象,分析0—20,20—40,40—60 cm土层土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)密度和生态化学计量特征。结果表明:(1)4种林龄人工梭梭林0—60 cm土层SOC、TN含量及其密度随林龄增加而升高,而TP含量及其密度随林龄增加而降低。其中,3,6年梭梭林SOC、TN含量及其密度随土层深度增加而升高,TP含量及其密度则与之相反;11,16年梭梭林SOC、TN、TP含量及其密度随土层深度增加而降低。(2)4种林龄梭梭林土壤C∶N、C∶P、N∶P分别为2.24~9.21,1.59~7.05,0.56~0.81,均属于中等变异水平,且变异系数随林龄和土层深度增加逐渐减小,说明土壤C∶N、C∶P、[JP]N∶P趋于平稳状态。(3)林龄、土层深度及其交互作用显著影响SOC含量、SOC密度、C∶N、C∶P,对TN含量、TP含量、TN密度、TP密度、N∶P无显著影响。(4)土壤孔隙度(STP)与SOC密度呈显著正相关关系(P＜0.05),说明土壤孔隙度增加有助于SOC密度增加,提高土壤肥力。在干旱荒漠区建植梭梭林有利于提高土壤肥力,改善干旱荒漠区土壤环境。 相似文献
11.
Appropriate compost standards are being considered in Canada. Five aspects of compost safety and quality are being evaluated; probably the most controversial aspect is the standards for metals in compost. In order to assist in the development of appropriate standards, the authors began an extensive research project in October, 1993 to determine the bioavailability of metals from compost and compost-metal mixtures. Swiss chard was grown in compost-amended soils or compost in a growth room using five treatments of increasing percentages of compost in the media (0, 25 percent, 50 percent, 75 percent, 100 percent compost (v/v)). A Truro loamy sand and a race-track manure-biosolids compost (RTM-biosolids) supplemented with a high metal biosolids were used in a completely randomized design with five replicates. Dry matter yield, metal content in plant tissue, and total metal uptake were evaluated as well as the total and DTPA-extractable metal content in the compost-soil mixes. The results of this and five other experiments conducted by the authors will help determine whether the suggested limits for As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn in composts are appropriate. 相似文献
12.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(4):291-301
Abstract The seasonal patterns of foliage nutrient concentrations and contents were monitored for two growing seasons in an 11‐year—old Pinus el1iottii stand. In the first growing season after needle initiation, N, P, K, Mg, and Zn concentrations decreased, but this was followed by an increase in the fall and winter months. Another drop in concentration of all elements, except P, occurred in the second growing season. Decreases in total contents indicated that this drop was a result of translocation to other tissues. In contrast to the mobile elements, the concentration and fascicle contents of Ca, Mn, and Al increased with aging of the needles. Between‐tree variability was least for N, P, and Zn and the N, K, Mg, Mn, and Zn in the current foliage had consistently lower variation than that in the 1‐year‐old foliage. Between‐tree variation for K was lower in the winter than the spring. For pine foliage, recommended sampling period for N, P, Mg, and Zn is mid to late summer and for the other elements it is late fall to late winter. There are several sources of variation that influence the level of nutrients in tree foliage. The most important of these, apart from the tree nutrient status, are seasonal fluctuations, variation between trees, and age of needles . Smaller sources of variation are associated with position of the needles within the crown, diurnal changes, year to year variation, and analytical errors1,2. These variables must be studied in order to develop suitable sampling techniques and in Pinus this has been undertaken for P. banksiana 1, P. taeda 3, P. strobus 4, P. resinosa 4, P. sylvestris 5, and P. radiata 6,7. However, foliage sampling has not been studied in detail for slash pine (Pinus elliottii Englem var. elliottii) and earlier studies with other pines have been largely confined to temperate or cool climates. This study reports the variation in elemental concentrations with season, age of foliage, and between slash pine trees growing in a subtropical climate in Florida. 相似文献
13.
14.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(9):751-756
Abstract The phytotoxicity of five nonessential elements (Co, V, Ti, Ag, Cr) to higher plants was studied in solution culture experiments with bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. C.V. Improved Tendergreen). All, but in varying degrees, tended to concentrate in roots with a decreasing gradient to stems and leaves. Cobalt was one of the more mobile of the five trace metals. Its toxicity was expressed as severe chlorosis; 43 (with 10‐5 M) and 142 (with 10‐4 M) μg Co/g dry weight in leaves resulted in severe chlorosis. Vanadium as 10‐4 M vanadate resulted in smaller plants but not in chlorosis. Leaf, stem, and root V, respectively, were 13, 8, and 881 μg/g dry weight. Titanium was somewhat mobile with considerable yield decrease at 10‐4 M; leaf, stem, and root Ti concentrations, respectively, were 202, 48, and 2420 μg/g. Symptoms were chlorosis, necrotic spots on leaves, and stunting. Silver was very lethal at 10‐4 M AgNO3; at 10‐5 M yields were greatly decreased, but plants were grown without symptoms. Leaf, stem, and root concentrations of Ag for this treatment, respectively, were 5.8, 5.1, and 1760 μg/g dry weight. Plants grown with 10‐5 N Cr2O7 were decreased in yield by about 25% with or without EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid) while the same level of Cr2(SO4)3 was essentially without effect. For the two salts, the leaf, stem, root concentrations for Cr, respectively were 2.2 and 1.3, 0.7 and 0. 7, and 140 and 104 μg/g. Most of the trace metals studied here had interactions in the uptake and/or distribution of other elements. 相似文献
15.
A Gimeno 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1979,62(3):579-585
A general method is described for determining 16 mycotoxins in mixed feeds and other food products used in the manufacture of these feedstuffs. The mycotoxins are extracted and cleaned up by extracting with solvents of different pH. Thin layer chromatography is used to separate the toxins; toxins are then quantitated by the limit detection method. The minimum detectable concentration of mycotoxins in various products is: aflatoxin B1 or G1, 4--5 micrograms/kg; ochratoxin A or ethyl ester A 140--145 micrograms/kg; citrinin 600--750 micrograms/kg; zearalenone, 410--500 micrograms/kg; sterigmatocystin, 140--145 micrograms/kg; diacetoxyscirpenol, 2400--2600 micrograms/kg; T-2 toxin, 800--950 micrograms/kg; patulin, 750--800 micrograms/kg; penitrem A 14,000--14,500 micrograms/kg; penicillic acid 3400--3650 micrograms/kg. 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(19):2495-2501
Different procedures have been proposed to decompose soil samples. Most of them regard determination with fertility aims. In this case, the contents available to the plants are considered. On the other hand, there are procedures to determine total content. The objective of this work was to propose a new decomposition procedure to determine barium (Ba), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn) total content in tropical soils with high content of oxides and silicate. According to the results, the digestion procedure proposed in this study provided satisfactory results for the contents recovery for the elements Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, V, and Zn, above 90%, and the use of inverted aqua regia, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydrofluoric acid (HF), pre-digestions and agitation was shown as a new alternative for the high silicate content soil sample total digestion, such as the oxisols. 相似文献
17.
B S Kaphalia R Takroo S Mehrotra U Nigam T D Seth 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1990,73(4):509-512
A total of 244 samples of cereals (wheat flour, rice, and maize), pulses (arhar, moong, gram, lentil, and black gram), spices (turmeric, chili, coriander, and black pepper), vegetables (potato, onion, spinach, cabbage, brinjal, and tomato), fruits (mango, guava, apple, and grape), milk, butter, Deshi ghee, and edible oils (vegetable, mustard, groundnut, and sesame) collected from different cities of Northern Province (Utter Pradesh) were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography for the presence of organochlorine pesticide residues. Residues of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT) were detected in about 85% of the total samples of cereals, spices, milk, butter, Deshi ghee, and edible oils analyzed in the present study. However, the residue levels were either very small (less than 0.06 ppm) or not detected at all in pulses, vegetables, and fruits as compared with very high concentrations in wheat flour (4.42 and 0.12 ppm), butter (1.19 and 4.85 ppm), mustard oil (1.26 and 2.42 ppm), Deshi ghee (1.10 and 3.84 ppm), vegetable oil (1.02 and 0.59 ppm), groundnut oil (0.51 and 1.49 ppm), and chili (0.48 and 1.92 ppm). The levels of HCH and DDT residues detected in rice, maize, turmeric, corlander, black pepper, and all the vegetables and fruits were also lower than those found in wheat flour, oil, and fat samples analyzed in the present study. These findings suggest that a restricted and controlled use of such persistent pesticides may be useful for decreasing their contamination levels in different food items. 相似文献
18.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7-8):945-959
Abstract The objectives of this study were 1) to recommend reference values (RVs) and tolerance limits (TLs) for representative Brazilian soils and 2) to propose a model to calculate natural contents of cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in a soil from the silt, clay, manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) values. A set of 256 soil samples was classified by similarity in seven groups, and the concentrations corresponding to the upper quarter of data collected were then calculated. These concentrations are proposed as RVs for Brazilian soils. Additionally, TLs were obtained for each group from the antilog expression (m+2s), where m=mean value and s=standard deviation of data transformed in log10. The classification functions of discriminant analysis proved to be suitable to allocate new samples in the established groups. Thus, it is possible to evaluate soils under anthropic activity and, by comparison with reference values, to be aware of pollution risks in a given area. 相似文献
19.
Nigel J.H. Smith 《Biological conservation》1981,19(3):177-187
Amazonia, the world's largest tropical rain forest, is often assumed to be a virtually untouched wilderness. The region is often referred to as a demographic void; there is on average only about one person per sq. km. Yet in response to international market forces, the hand of man has penetrated deep into the imposing forests. Since colonial times, wildlife, particularly along rivers, has been exploited on a large-scale basis for commercial purposes. This paper focuses on the effects of the trade on some aquatic animals. 相似文献
20.
Fixation of Si, Mg, Fe, Al, Mn, Cr, Ni and Co in saprolite and laterite above serpentinite - Gebe Island, Indonesia The fixation of various major and trace elements has been studied in a saprolite/laterite profile above serpentinized peridotite. Sequential extraction of < 63 μm fraction shows different types of element fixation in soil: adsorption on mineral surfaces (1), fixation to Mn-oxides (2), bonding to poorly and better crystallized Fe-oxides (3). In the laterite, most of the extractable Si-, Al-, Cr- and Ni-contents are bound to goethitic Fe-hydroxide. The saprolite has considerable amounts of secondary quartz which has been formed during ageing of amorphous silica modifications. Their precipitation is favoured by high Si adsorption capacity of poorly crystallized Fe-hydroxide. In saprolite and laterite Co is bound to Mn-oxides. It can readily be extracted from pure Mn-oxides. In contrast, the intimate association of Mn-oxides to goethite reduces the rate of easily extractable Mn and Co in middle and upper zones of the laterite. 相似文献