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1. This study was to investigate the development of the activities of pancreatic and caecal enzymes in White Roman goslings from hatching to 28 d of age. 2. A total of 80 1-d-old goslings were used. At hatching, 3 and 7 d of age, 16 goslings (8 males and 8 females) were used. At 11, 14, 21 and 28 d of age, 8 goslings, 4 males and 4 females were selected. The activities of amylase, lipase, trypsin and chymotrypsin in each segment of the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) and their contents and the activity of cellulase in the caecal contents were measured. 3. The specific activity (SA) of amylase in the duodenal mucosa and contents increased significantly both from 11 to 14 and 14 to 21 d of age and declined after 28 d of age. In the jejunum and ileum, there was a significant peak in the SA of amylase in the mucosa in goslings from 7 to 21 d of age. On average, the SA of lipase of mucosa and content in the small intestine was initially low but gradually increased from 14 to 21 and from 21 to 28 d of age. 4. The SA of trypsin in the contents of the duodenum and the jejunum increased both from 7 to 11 and 11 to 14 d of age and there was high activity in the ileal contents from 14 to 21 d of age. From 3 to 14 d of age, the SA of chymotrypsin in the duodenal mucosa significantly increased and peaked. There was a significant peak at 11 d of age in the SA of chymotrypsin in the duodenal or jejunal contents and in the ileal contents at 7 d. The SA of cellulase in the caecal contents increased linearly with age, reaching a plateau at 28 d of age. 5. The rate of activity development varied from hatching to 28 d of age. However, the mean SA of amylase and lipase of intestinal contents reached a peak at 21 d, trypsin and chymotrypsin at 11 d and cellulase at 28 d of age, respectively. The quantitative changes in SA of cellulase, amylase, lipase, trypsin and chymotrypsin increased by about 4-, 3-, 5-, 2- and 3-fold, respectively, in the intestinal content of goslings. Thus, development of proteases in the intestine of goslings peaked more rapidly than amylase, lipase and cellulase during the first 4 weeks. 相似文献
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试验通过研究2~10日龄乳鸽体重、消化器官重量、血清蛋白质代谢、胰腺和小肠黏膜消化酶活性等指标的变化规律,揭示乳鸽消化道早期发育特性。选取出壳后2、4、6、8、10日龄白卡奴乳鸽30羽(每个日龄6羽),屠宰取样。结果表明:1)日龄对乳鸽早期体重(含卵黄重)、腺胃、肌胃、肝脏、胰腺、小肠的器官重量和器官指数;血清总蛋白、白蛋白、尿酸、尿素氮含量;胰腺淀粉酶、脂肪酶、胰蛋白酶总活性,脂肪酶比活性,小肠黏膜二糖酶(蔗糖酶和麦芽糖酶)及碱性磷酸酶总活性和比活性均影响显著(P0.05)。其中,发育模式随日龄变化表现为线性增加的指标包括:肝脏、胰腺、小肠的器官指数(P0.01);体重,肌胃、腺胃、胰腺、肝脏、小肠的器官重量(P0.01);血清总蛋白和白蛋白含量(P0.01);胰腺淀粉酶、脂肪酶、胰蛋白酶总活性,胰腺脂肪酶比活性(P0.05);小肠黏膜二糖酶(麦芽糖酶和蔗糖酶)和碱性磷酸酶总活性和比活性(P0.01)。血清尿酸、尿素氮含量,胰蛋白酶比活性发育规律表现为线性下降(P0.05)。腺胃和肌胃的器官指数表现为先上升后下降(P0.05)。2)肠段对乳鸽小肠黏膜麦芽糖酶和蔗糖酶总活性影响显著(P0.05)。3)日龄与肠段的交互作用对麦芽糖酶总活性、蔗糖酶总活性和蔗糖酶比活性影响显著(P0.05)。结果提示,随着日龄变化,乳鸽机体蛋白质代谢能力不断增强,沉积水平不断提高,消化系统发育迅速,生长速度高于机体生长,自身胰腺和小肠黏膜水解酶活性不断增强,10日龄时,机体发育水平显著提高。因此,2~10日龄阶段是乳鸽出壳后消化生理机能趋于完善的重要阶段。 相似文献
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Effect of age, weaning and diet on digestive enzyme levels in the piglet 总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27
M D Lindemann S G Cornelius S M el Kandelgy R L Moser J E Pettigrew 《Journal of animal science》1986,62(5):1298-1307
Thirty-seven pigs were used to evaluate the effects of age and weaning on the level of protease in the gastric mucosa and trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase and lipase in the pancreas. There was a positive allometry of the pancreas and gastric mucosa associated with age and with weaning to a solid diet. Increases with age in total activity of chymotrypsin, trypsin, amylase and gastric proteases were due to increases in both tissue weight and enzyme activity per gram of tissue. A general depression in pancreatic enzymatic activities, but not in gastric proteolytic activity, was found during the first week following weaning. Forty pigs were used in a second trial to evaluate the effects of age and weaning diet on the same digestive enzymes. Total activity of all enzymes assayed increased with time postweaning. Increases in total activity of lipase and chymotrypsin were due primarily to increased pancreatic weight postweaning. Amylase, trypsin and gastric protease increases were due both to increased tissue weight and increased activity per gram of tissue. There were no effects of diet on the weight of gastric mucosa or the level of activity of the gastric proteases. Pigs fed a diet containing 20% whey had larger pancreases (P less than .10) at slaughter and a greater, but nonsignificant, mean activity per gram of pancreas for all pancreatic enzymes. It appears that the pig has sufficient pancreatic and gastric enzyme activity so that performance should not be limited, with the possible exception of the period shortly after weaning. However diet digestibility and subsequent pig performance may be more directly related to the extent of release of these enzymes into the intestine and the conditions that exist therein. 相似文献
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为研究饲喂模式对犊牛肠道及胰腺内消化酶活性的影响。试验选择24头体重和出生日期相近的犊牛,随机分成2组,每组12头,其中Ⅰ组采用传统饲喂模式(干草+粉状开食料),4 d开始补充开食料,10 d开始补充苜蓿干草,干草自由采食。Ⅱ组采用现代饲喂模式(颗粒型开食料)犊牛于4 d开始补充开食料。60 d断奶。各组分别在0、15、30、60 d屠宰3头犊牛。结果表明:Ⅰ组犊牛中性洗涤纤维以及酸性洗涤纤维日均摄入量均显著高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05),粗蛋白、消化能、粗脂肪、钙和磷的日均摄入量差异均不显著(P>0.05)。Ⅱ组犊牛小肠以及胰腺内淀粉酶、糜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶均高于Ⅰ组,尤其是胰蛋白酶以及糜蛋白酶在60 d时显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。结果提示,断奶前饲喂颗粒开食料有利于促进犊牛小肠以及胰腺内消化酶的分泌,利于提高犊牛对饲料的消化利用率。 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: To measure activities of digestive enzymes during postnatal development in dogs. SAMPLE POPULATION: Gastrointestinal tract tissues obtained from 110 Beagles ranging from neonatal to adult dogs. PROCEDURE: Pepsin and lipase activities were measured in gastric contents, and amylase, lipase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin activities were measured in small intestinal contents and pancreatic tissue. Activities of lactase, sucrase, 4 peptidases, and enteropeptidase were assayed in samples of mucosa obtained from 3 regions of the small intestine. RESULTS: Gastric pH was low at all ages. Pepsin was not detected until day 21, and activity increased between day 63 and adulthood. Activities of amylase and lipase in contents of the small intestine and pancreatic tissue were lower during suckling than after weaning. Activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin did not vary among ages for luminal contents, whereas activities associated with pancreatic tissue decreased between birth and adulthood for trypsin but increased for chymotrypsin. Lactase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activities were highest at birth, whereas the activities of sucrase and the 4 peptidases increased after birth. Enteropeptidase was detected only in the proximal region of the small intestine at all ages. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Secretions in the gastrointestinal tract proximal to the duodenum, enzymes in milk, and other digestive mechanisms compensate for low luminal activities of pancreatic enzymes during the perinatal period. Postnatal changes in digestive secretions influence nutrient availability, concentrations of signaling molecules, and activity of antimicrobial compounds that inhibit pathogens. Matching sources of nutrients to digestive abilities will improve the health of dogs during development. 相似文献
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Effects of age and diet on the development of the pancreas and the synthesis and secretion of pancreatic enzymes in the young pig 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
Effects of age and diet composition on amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin activities in the pancreas and intestinal contents, pancreas weights and body weights were determined from birth to 56 d. A total of 120 pigs, five to seven pigs/litter from 18 litters, were slaughtered at birth, 14, 27, 29, 31, 42 and 56 d. Litters were allotted to dietary treatments (corn-soy, A; corn-soy + 20% dried whey, B; corn-soy + 5% lard, C) and offered these diets as creep feed at 14 d. All pigs were weaned at 28 d, placed in elevated nursery pens and fed their respective diets. Total activities of amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin in the pancreas and small intestine increased (P less than .05) with age. Both trypsin and amylase activities, measured per kilogram body weight or gram pancreas weight, were low at 29 d in the intestine and increased to 56 d. Pigs on diet B had the highest level of trypsin and chymotrypsin in the intestinal contents (P less than .05). Trypsin activity in the pancreas (units/kg body weight) was lowest (P less than .05) for pigs on diet B and highest (P less than .05) for those on diet C (units/g pancreas and units/kg body weight). Amylase activity (units/kg body weight) was lower (P less than .05) in the pancreas for pigs on diet B than for those on diets A and C. Pigs on diet A had lower (P less than .01) intestinal amylase activities than those on diets B and C. Enzyme activities in the intestinal contents and pancreas were low following weaning. In the pancreas, activities decreased at 31 d.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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1. Activities of digestive enzymes in meat-type chickens under ad libitum or alternate-day feeding were determined from 14 to 83 d of age. 2. Final body weight of intermittently fed birds attained 75% of that of the ad libitum-fed controls. 3. When compared with the ad libitum-fed counterparts, a marked increase in the relative weight of the pancreas and intestinal contents were found on repletion days. On depletion days the relative weights of the pancreas and of the intestinal contents were about half those found in ad libitum-fed birds. 4. The activity of the digestive enzymes in the pancreas, expressed as U/g pancreas or U/kg body weight, was not affected consistently by the feeding regime. In the small intestine a marked increase in relative activity (U/kg body weight) was observed on repletion days and a marked decrease on depletion days as compared with ad libitum-fed controls. The activities per g intestinal contents following food restoration did not differ significantly from those of ad libitum-fed controls except for trypsin, which was higher in the former. On depletion days the activities per g intestinal contents were lowest, lipase excepted. 相似文献
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试验选用黑白花公犊牛21头,研究我国常规饲养管理条件下0～6月龄犊牛胰腺与小肠中主要消化酶的发育规律和变化模式。结果表明:小肠中胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性随月龄的增长而增强,且在空肠段中酶活性均较高,6月龄分别达到11.73、914.03U/g蛋白质和423.23U/g蛋白质,乳糖酶则随月龄的增长活性降低;胰淀粉酶活性随月龄显著增长(P<0.05),0月龄胰脏内淀粉酶活性为177.19U/g蛋白质,2月龄酶活达5605.67U/g蛋白质,比0月龄增长32倍;脂肪酶活性0～1月龄间差异不显著(P>0.05),2月龄酶活显著增高(P<0.05)。由此可见各种消化酶的变化规律是不同的,它们在十二指肠、空肠和回肠的分布具有明显的区域性,空肠是营养物质消化的主要部位。 相似文献
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为研究酪蛋白酶解物对胎儿宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)新生仔猪胰腺生长发育的影响,试验选择初生IUGR仔猪15头,分为新生组(N)、酪蛋白组(C)和酪蛋白酶解物组(CH),人工饲喂3d后宰杀取样。结果显示,人工饲喂3d后,IUGR仔猪胰腺重量、胰腺重/体重和胰腺蛋白质、DNA、RNA、胰高血糖素的含量以及胰淀粉酶、胰脂肪酶总活性均较新生组极显著提高(P<0.01),而胰总蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶总活性均显著下降(P<0.05),胰糜蛋白酶总活性也呈下降趋势;CH组胰糜蛋白酶总活性比C组高50.00%(P<0.01),CH组胰腺组织蛋白质、DNA含量及胰总蛋白酶、胰淀粉酶总活性也较C组不同程度提高(P>0.05)。表明IUGR仔猪生后胰腺生长发育十分迅速,酪蛋白酶解物有刺激新生IUGR仔猪胰腺胰糜蛋白酶活性提高的趋势。 相似文献
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以0～14日龄雄乳鸽为研究对象,测定3日龄、8日龄和14日龄乳鸽十二指肠和空肠中淀粉酶、总蛋白水解酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性随年龄的变化趋势。结果表明：十二指肠中淀粉酶、总蛋白水解酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性随日龄增加而呈上升趋势,脂肪酶活性在3～8日龄显著降低,8～14日龄活性升高;空肠中淀粉酶、总蛋白水解酶和脂肪酶活性先降低后升高,而胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性先升高后降低,并在8日龄时达到峰值。 相似文献
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饲喂半胱胺对绵羊小肠主要消化酶活性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
选取健康、体重相近的小尾寒羊公羔48只，随机分为4组，每组分别饲喂添加0、7．5、15和22．5mg／kgBW的半胱胺日粮，研究绵羊日粮中添加不同剂量的半胱胺对小肠内容物淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性的影响。结果表明：绵羊小肠不同部位（十二指肠、空肠和回肠）淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性不同，空肠淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性显著高于十二指肠和回肠。绵羊日粮中添加不同剂量的半胱胺可影响小肠食糜中淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性，随着日粮半胱胺添加量的增加，绵羊小肠内容物淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性随之增高，但半胱胺的添加量达到一定程度时（22．5mg／kgBW），小肠内容物淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性反而降低。因而在绵羊日粮中添加半胱胺时，一定要选择适宜的添加量。 相似文献
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Twenty Merino lambs of four age groups (1 day, 2, 4 and 7 weeks) and 8 adult Merino wethers were killed. The development of pancreatic and gastrointestinal enzymes was followed by determining RNase, amylase, lipase, trypsin, chymotrypsin and total proteolytic (azocaseinase) activity. Pancreatic protein content, rumen and abomasal pH and abomasal clotting time were also determined. Pancreatic RNase was already present in the newborn lambs and significantly rose in the first 2 weeks of life and before reaching adult values. The increase was more marked and went to higher adult values than in the pig (Baintner and Farkas, 1989). The time-course resembled that of pancreatic amylase and chymotrypsin; pancreatic trypsin and azocaseinase also showed some similarities, but pancreatic lipase had a different time course. Small intestinal RNase also changed differently; it showed a maximum at 4 weeks and had trends opposite to total proteolytic activity, indicating partial digestion of the enzyme by intestinal proteases. Rumen and caecal RNase activities may be indicative of microbial growth and fermentation rate; they showed mostly opposite tendencies in the two localities. In contrast to the pig (Baintner and Farkas, 1989), pancreatic and small intestinal trypsin:chymotrypsin ratios did not show significant increase during development in sheep. 相似文献
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Digestive enzyme activities of pancreas and intestinal digesta in streptozotocin-induced diabetic piglets 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hitoshi MURAKAMI Mitsuhito MATSUMOTO Hiroaki INOUE Yuji KAJI 《Animal Science Journal》2007,78(1):55-60
Six (Landrace × Large White) × Duroc crossbred, castrated weanling piglets were used to evaluate the effect of a streptozotocin (STZ) injection to induce diabetes on the activities of digestive enzymes derived from the pancreas (lipase, amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin) in the pancreas and intestinal digesta. Fasting plasma glucose after the administration of STZ was maintained at the level of 302–491 mg/dL during this experiment, compared with the level of 89–125 mg/dL in the control group, and they were defined as the STZ‐induced diabetic piglets for about 7 weeks. Although their bodyweight increased in proportion to a quadratic curve (P < 0.0001) during 49 days after the administration of STZ, the growth of the STZ‐induced diabetic piglets was slower compared with the control. The STZ‐injection did not affect the percentage of the pancreas in bodyweight. The administration of STZ in the piglets tended to accelerate the activity of lipase (P = 0.06) and depress the activity of amylase (P = 0.15) or chymotrypsin (P = 0.18), as units/kg bodyweight, in the pancreas. In the case of measurement as units/kg bodyweight, the activities of intestinal digesta in the STZ group showed a tendency to be higher than those in control group, irrespective of the sort of enzymes. In conclusion, STZ‐induced diabetic piglets have a moderate digestive ability and the administration of exogenous digestive enzymes is not necessary when they are used as a diabetic animal model. 相似文献
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1. Body weight, the weight of digestive organs and activities of some digestive enzymes were determined from hatching to 14 d of age in meat‐ and egg‐type chickens.
2. Relative daily food intake and growth rate were much higher in meat‐than in egg‐type chickens. Relative daily food intake peaked at 30% of body weight at 3 d of age in meat‐type, and at 20% of body weight at 6 d of age in egg‐type chickens and then decreased gradually. The corresponding values for growth rate were 20 and 14%.
3. Allometric growth of the small intestine, intestinal contents and liver was greater in meat‐type chickens, but the growth of the pancreas attained a higher value in the egg‐type birds. Diminution of the vitelline residue was similar in the two breeds.
4. Pancreatic digestive enzyme activities were similar between stocks, but activities in the small intestinal contents were lower in meat‐type chickens.
5. The secretion of digestive enzymes in the newly‐hatched meat‐type chicken could be a limiting factor in digestion and, consequently, in food intake and growth. 相似文献
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The influence of grinding and pelleting of feed on the microbial composition and activity in the digestive tract of broiler chickens 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1. The influence of feed grinding (coarsely or finely ground feed) and feed form (mash or pellets) on the intestinal environment was investigated in a growth experiment with broiler chickens taking the intestinal microflora, intestinal viscosity, and the activities of pancreatic digestive enzymes into consideration. 2. As compared to mash the feeding of pellets was associated with a significantly higher body weight due to increased feed intake and improved feed utilisation. 3. Pellet-fed birds had significantly decreased gizzard weights, a higher gizzard pH and a lower intestinal pH than mash-fed birds. 4. Pellet-fed birds had significantly lower relative pancreas weights and lower activities of pancreatic digestive enzymes (amylase, lipase, chymotrypsin), which indicates the existence of a feedback mechanism, which may have been triggered by the intestinal concentration of enzymatically hydrolysed products or of the respective digestive enzymes. 5. Pellet-fed birds had larger numbers of coliform bacteria and enterococci in the ileum and a reduced number of Clostridium perfringens and lactobacilli in the distal end of the digestive tract (caeca and rectum). Microbial fermentation in terms of volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration was found to be significantly higher in the caeca of pellet-fed birds than in mash-fed birds. 相似文献
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试验探讨枯草芽孢杆菌对斑点叉尾鮰鱼种[均重(10.48±0.21)g]生长性能、消化酶活力的影响。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加100、300、500和700mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌,饲喂50d,试验结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组蛋白质效率比提高了14.42%～35.58%;末体重增加了4.23%～10.55%;增重率显著提高了24.69%～46.29%(P0.05)。试验Ⅲ组的斑点叉尾鮰鱼种肠道中的蛋白酶活力比对照组提高了65.39%,试验Ⅳ组中的胃、胰脏中蛋白酶活力比对照组分别提高了37.51%、177.68%,差异显著(P0.05)。肠道中淀粉酶活力呈先提高后略有下降,再显著增加(P0.05)的变化趋势,胰脏中淀粉酶活力略有下降后呈显著性增加(P0.05)。肠道中脂肪酶活力呈先提高后降低的变化趋势;试验Ⅳ组胃、胰脏脂肪酶活力分别比对照组显著性增加了43.33%、48.47%(P0.05)。说明了饲料中添加枯草芽孢杆菌能提高斑点叉尾鮰鱼种消化酶活力,促进生长。 相似文献
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1. A total of 320 1-d-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were used to investigate the effect of Cu(2+)-loaded montmorillonite (CM) on the growth performance, intestinal morphology and activities of brush border enzyme in the intestinal mucosa and digestive enzyme in the intestinal digesta of broilers. 2. The chicks were assigned randomly into 4 groups with 80 chicks per treatment. The 4 dietary treatments were: basal diet only (control group), basal diet + 2 g montmorillonite/kg, basal diet + 1 g CM/kg, and basal diet + 2 g CM/kg. The chicks were raised in cages and feed and water were provided ad libitum for a period of 42 d. 3. The addition of CM to the diet of broilers significantly increased body weight and feed efficiency. Similarly, birds receiving montmorillonite had higher feed efficiency than the control after 42 d of feeding. 4. Data on villus height and crypt depth for duodenum, jejunum and ileum indicated that treating the diet of broilers with either CM or montmorillonite improved the mucosal morphology of the small intestine. 5. The presence of CM in the diet of broilers significantly increased the activities of maltase, aminopeptidase N and alkaline phosphatase in small intestinal mucosa. However, the activities of protease, trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase and lipase in small intestinal digesta of broilers fed on the CM-supplemented diet were slightly higher than control values. 相似文献
20.
试验旨在研究复合SCFAs对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响及其相关的作用机制。120只AA肉仔鸡随机分成2组(复合SCFAs添加组和对照组),每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。结果表明,与对照组相比,添加复合SCFAs组的肉仔鸡的体增重、耗料量、胰腺相对重量分别提高了4.4%、5.6%、16%(P<0.05),小肠淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶的活性分别提高了48.5%和37.3%(P<0.05),降低了十二指肠中大肠杆菌的数量(P<0.05)以及血清中葡萄糖和胰岛素的含量(P<0.05)。日粮中使用复合SCFAs可以提高肉仔鸡小肠消化酶活性,减少消化道中大肠杆菌的数量,改善肉仔鸡的生产性能。 相似文献