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1.
蛔虫病是由蛔虫寄生于动物的小肠内而引起消化紊乱、机体消瘦、生长发育不良的一种线虫病,是动物园中最常见且分布于各种动物的一种寄生虫病。在草食动物和肉食动物以及大部分杂食动物中,常常以驱杀蛔虫的药物混在动物所采食的食物中,驱虫效果良好。 相似文献
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900羽21周龄海兰褐蛋鸡随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复30羽。分别在基础日粮中添加0、0．1％、0．5％、2．5％、5％NaHCO3,持续10周。结果显示,与对照组相比,0．1％组蛋鸡盲肠乳酸菌数量增加,大肠杆菌数量降低,菌群多样性指数提高（P〉0．05）。0．5％组蛋鸡粪便pH值显著提高（P〈0．05）,乳酸菌数量增加,菌群多样性指数提高（P〉0．05）。2．5％、5％组蛋鸡粪便pH值、水分含量极显著高于其他组（P〈0．01）。同时,2．5％、5％组盲肠乳酸杆菌数量降低（P〉0．05或P〈0.05）,大肠杆菌数量增高（P〉0．05或P〈0．05）,5％组菌群多样性指数亦显著降低前3组（P〈0．05）。结果表明,日粮添加NaHCO3超过2．5％,蛋鸡腹泻严重,肠道菌群平衡严重破坏。而当NaHCO3的添加量低于0．5％时,肠道有益菌数量和菌群多样性指数呈增加趋势,蛋鸡生产性能维持正常。因此,本试验提示蛋鸡生产中饲料添加剂NaHCO3最高耐受量为0．5％。 相似文献
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为研究微生态产品对奶牛采食量、乳品质、肠道菌群的影响,选取胎次、年龄、泌乳天数及生理性状相近的荷斯坦牛216头,分为试验A组（美国公司某产品）、试验B组（益倍健1801）、对照组,每组72头,各组基础日粮一致,试验组按照5kg/t比例添加产品,试验期45d。结果表明,两个试验组奶牛采食量、日产奶量、乳蛋白含量、乳脂率、肠道菌群多样性均高于对照组（P〉0.05）,体细胞数显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）,其中B组日产奶量、乳蛋白含量、肠道菌群多样性高于A组（P〉0.05）,采食量、乳脂率略低于A组（P〉0.05）。 相似文献
4.
本试验旨在分析幼年、成年、老年川金丝猴肠道菌群结构以及随年龄变化的趋势。将提取的幼年、成年、老年川金丝猴粪样总DNA进行聚合酶链反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCRDGGE),对结果进行UPGMA聚类分析、主成分分析、生物多样性比较。用荧光定量PCR技术检测肠道菌群中真细菌、乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus spp.)、肠杆菌科(Enterobacteriaceae)、双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium spp.)的数量。结果显示:无论是UPGMA聚类分析,还是主成分分析以及生物多样性比较均表明,不同年龄段川金丝猴肠道菌群多样性存在明显差异;指纹图谱中成年与幼年川金丝猴的优势条带较多,老年川金丝猴的优势条带则较少。各年龄段川金丝猴肠道菌群中真细菌的数量都为同一数量级(1011);幼年川金丝猴肠道菌群中Enterobacteriaceae的数量显著少于成年和老年川金丝猴(P0.05);成年川金丝猴肠道菌群中Lactobacillus spp.的数量极显著多于幼年和老年川金丝猴(P0.01);老年川金丝猴肠道菌群中Bifidobacterium spp.的数量极显著少于成年和幼年(P0.01)。由此得出,川金丝猴肠道菌群随年龄增长,多样性呈幼年到成年增加、成年到老年降低的趋势,老年时期优势菌群显著减少;此外,川金丝猴肠道各菌群的数量在不同年龄段有较大差异。 相似文献
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为了解野生动物园动物寄生虫感染情况,采用饱和盐水漂浮法和自然沉淀法对安徽某野生动物园19种野生动物71份新鲜粪样进行了检测。结果显示:寄生虫总感染率为22.5%;共检获7种寄生虫,其中狮弓蛔虫、毛圆线虫、古柏线虫、毛首线虫、莫尼茨绦虫、结肠小袋虫和球虫的感染率分别为4.2%、8.5%、11.3%、4.2%、4.2%、5.6%和5.6%;梅花鹿等草食动物、小熊猫等杂食动物和非洲狮等肉食动物寄生虫感染率分别为36.7%、13.3%和11.5%,其中草食动物寄生虫感染较为普遍,应加强草食动物寄生虫病的防治。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究人工养殖对尼罗罗非鱼肠道菌群的影响。研究采用16S rDNA测序方法对野生（YS）和人工养殖（YZ）尼罗罗非鱼的肠道内容物进行测序,分析比较两者肠道菌群生物丰富度及多样性差异。结果表明,在野生环境下,尼罗罗非鱼肠道中Actinobacteriota、Proteobacteria和Firmicutes为主要优势菌群;在人工养殖环境下,Actinobacteriota、Proteobacteria和Cyanobacteria为主要优势菌群。肠道菌群多样性的分析表明,YZ组群落多样性指数低于YS组（P<0.05）。门水平上,YZ组的Proteobacteria、Acidobacteriota、Bacteroidota和NB1-j菌门低于YS组（P<0.01或P<0.05）,Cyanobacteria、Dependentiae高于YS组（P<0.01或P<0.05）。属水平上,YZ组的norank＿f＿norank＿o＿Chloroplast、 Mycobacterium、 Paeniclostridium、 IMCC26207、 Methylocys... 相似文献
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<正> 1.消化生理水貂是肉食动物,具有对生肉和生鱼消化率高的特点,可是对植物性饲料的消化吸收能力低。水貂的唾液中不含淀粉消化酶,消化道的长度比杂食动物或草食动物明显的短,只有大约体长的四倍。水貂对各种饲料的蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物的消化吸收率见表1。 相似文献
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高通量测序研究慢性肾衰竭对宠物犬肠道菌群多样性的影响及基因功能预测分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
旨在通过高通量测序研究慢性肾衰竭（chronic renal failure,CRF）对宠物犬肠道菌群多样性的影响,并预测分析菌群的基因功能。本研究选取30只2岁健康犬,随机等分为慢性肾衰竭模型组（CRF,肾动脉结扎法制备）、假手术对照组（Sham）和健康对照组（HCG）,常规饲养,试验周期56 d。试验过程中,定期检测血肌酐（Scr）、血尿素氮（BUN）和尿蛋白/肌酐比（UP/C）,无菌采集新鲜粪便进行细菌16S rDNA测序,分析慢性肾衰竭对犬肠道菌群结构、多样性与功能的影响,并以CRF组差异菌群为自变量进行主成分Logistic回归分析,构建菌群标志物综合指数（FMI）用于慢性肾衰竭预测。结果显示：1）从试验后第28天开始,CRF组Scr、BUN和UP/C分别显著高于自身试验前、HCG组和Sham组（P<0.05）。2） CRF组不同时间点肠道菌群有显著差异,第56天时的Chao 1指数、Shannon指数均降低,拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）、变形杆菌门（Proteobacteria）和放线菌门（Actinobacteria）的相对丰度增加,厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）数量减少,与0 d和28 d比较差异显著（P<0.05）,与同时间点HCB组及Sham组比较差异显著（P<0.05）。3）组间菌群LEfSe分析发现,CRF组富集了20个物种,主要包括假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）、埃希氏菌属（Escherichia）和变形杆菌属（Proteus）等,这些物种与肠道其他菌属间多呈负相关关系;差异物种基因主要富集在氨基酸代谢、糖生物合成和代谢以及碳水化合物代谢等代谢途径。用这些差异物种构建的FMI,其ROC曲线AUC为0.788,可作为犬CRF的肠道微生物标志物。以上结果表明,慢性肾衰竭可以使犬肠道菌群多样性降低、菌群结构失调以及菌群功能改变,且CRF患犬肠道中富集的菌群可作为该病的肠道微生物标志物,以FMI预测效果最好。 相似文献
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Three hundred commensal Escherichia coli recovered from healthy herbivorous, carnivorous, and omnivorous mammals from one zoo were characterized for their phylogenetic origin, intestinal virulence gene (VG) prevalence, and genomic diversity. The phylogenetic structure of the E. coli (groups A, B1, B2, and D) from the herbivores was homogenous, with a prevailing representation of group B1. In the carnivores and omnivores, the phylogenetic diversity was species specific with a higher representation of group A compared to the herbivores. Of 16 intestinal VGs in the whole set, 8 were detected and they formed 13 VG profiles. In the herbivores, all the VG-positive isolates belonged to group B1 and harboured the genes eaeA, eastI, ehxA, stx1, and stx2, which separately or in combination formed 8 VG profiles. In the carnivores and omnivores, the VG-positive isolates frequently belonged to group A and harboured the estI and estII genes or a combination of eastI and estI, forming three VG profiles. Single genes cnf2, in group B2, and eastI, in group D, were found. Similarity analysis of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns revealed closer relatedness between the isolates from carnivores and omnivores than those from herbivores. The comparison between the prevalence of phylogenetic groups and the phylogenetic origin of VG-positive isolates in the examined E. coli suggested, that E. coli from group B1 in herbivores and E. coli from group A rather than B1 in carnivores and omnivores are "best adapted" to the host organism. The groups revealed different preferences in the acquisition and maintenance of intestinal VGs. 相似文献
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低聚果糖调节人体肠道菌群功能的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究低聚果糖调节人体肠道菌群的功能和效果,采用卫生部《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》调节肠道菌群功能检验方法进行检验,并将体检指标全部合格的120例成年志愿者随机分为试食组和空白对照组,试食组每天分别服用含量大于等于55%的低聚果糖6mL,空白组则采用果葡糖浆作为安慰剂,连续30d,比较摄食前后两组肠道菌群的变化情况。试验结果表明,试食组试验后较试验前粪便中双歧杆菌数量增加5.8%(P0.01),乳酸杆菌增加0.4%(P0.05),产气荚膜梭菌数量减少8.6%(P0.01),拟杆菌数量增加1.0%(P0.01),肠杆菌和肠球菌分别增加0.4%和0.8%(P0.05);与对照组相比,试验后试食组双歧杆菌增加4.2%(P0.01),乳酸杆菌减少21%(P0.05),产气荚膜梭菌减少7.2%(P0.01),拟杆菌减少0.4%(P0.05),而肠杆菌和肠球菌数量无明显变化(P0.05)。因此,每日摄食3.3g的低聚果糖亦具有调节人体肠道菌群,激活益生菌增殖并抑制有害菌的作用。 相似文献
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目的通过研究对比哺乳期腹泻仔猪与健康仔猪粪便菌群,探讨腹泻对哺乳期仔猪肠道微生物的影响。方法通过高通量16S rDNA测序技术对腹泻组仔猪（n=6）和健康组仔猪（n=3）粪便样本进行测序,比较两组仔猪肠道微生物群落的组成和结构。结果腹泻组仔猪和健康组仔猪粪便菌群差异显著（P<0.05）,腹泻组仔猪的肠道菌群多样性显著（P<0.05）低于健康组仔猪。与健康组仔猪相比,在门水平上,腹泻组仔猪的梭杆菌门和变形菌门的相对丰度显著（P<0.05）增加,而厚壁菌门的相对丰度显著（P<0.05）下降;在属水平上,腹泻组仔猪的梭杆菌属（Fusobacterium）、普雷沃菌属（Prevotella）、埃希菌属（Escherichia）、乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）、厌氧弧菌属（Anaerovibrio）、拟普雷沃菌属（Alloprevotella）和Fusobacteriaceae_unclassified的相对丰度显著（P<0.05）增加,而大部分厚壁菌门菌属的相对丰度显著（P<0.05）降低。结论通过分析对比腹泻仔猪与健康仔猪肠道微生物多样性,为预防和治疗哺乳期仔猪腹泻提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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黑龙江省富锦国家湿地公园夏季鸟类多样性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黑龙江省富锦国家湿地公园地处黑龙江省东北部富锦市,总面积2200hm^2。笔者于2012年6月1-15日对湿地公园夏季鸟类资源多样性进行了调查分析。调查划分7个生境42个监测点,共统计到夏季鸟类15目31科61种5611只,占湿地公园鸟类种数的34．46％;记录到夏候鸟53种,留鸟8种,包括水鸟36种5355只。通过对各生境物种多样性指数、均匀性指数和物种丰富度分析认为：多样性指数顺序为林地（3．188148）〉芦苇湿地（3．003125）〉水域（2．589831）〉农田（2．659385）〉苔草／小叶章湿地（2．557098）〉香蒲湿地（2．431518）〉草甸（2．354839）。均匀性指数排序为林地（o．750519）〉农田（0．741817）〉水域（n647458）〉香蒲湿地（0．607879）〉草甸（0．602740）〉苔草／小叶章湿地（0．601964）〉芦苇（0．600625）。物种丰富度排序为农田（0．196721）〉林地（0．112426）〉草甸（0．075000）〉苔草／小叶章湿地（0．039337）〉香蒲湿地（0．031558）〉芦苇湿地（0．020579）〉水域（0．006070）。 相似文献
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A comparative meta‐analysis on the relationship of faecal calcium and phosphorus excretion in mammals 
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下载免费PDF全文 L. F. Böswald B. Dobenecker M. Clauss E. Kienzle 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(2):370-379
To investigate the relationship between faecal calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) excretion in different mammalian species, a meta‐analysis on digestibility data derived from the literature was conducted. Seventy‐three studies on carnivores, omnivores, large and small hindgut fermenters, ruminants and hippos (a total of 21 mammalian species, precondition for inclusion dietary Ca/P ratio 1.5/1 – 3.0/1) were analysed for Ca and P digestibility. Dietary Ca/P ratios were lower than faecal Ca/P ratios in carnivores, omnivores, ruminants and hippos. In hindgut fermenters, dietary Ca/P ratios were higher than faecal Ca/P ratios, indicating higher intestinal Ca absorption in these species. In all species investigated, there was a significant positive relationship between Ca intake and faecal Ca excretion and between P intake and faecal P excretion. In the biologically relevant range, these equations predicted lower faecal Ca losses in hindgut fermenters than ruminants, for faecal P vice versa. In all species, faecal Ca and P excretion correlated significantly. In carnivores, this highly linear correlation was exceptionally strong (R² = .92). Yet, the linearity of the correlation was questionable in omnivores and ruminants. Possibly, the strong linear correlation of faecal Ca and P excretion in carnivores is due to the formation of insoluble Ca/P complexes in their relatively short and simple gastrointestinal tract. Another hypothesis is that in carnivores, Ca homeostasis relies on modifying bone turnover to a higher degree than on changes in intestinal Ca absorption. For the formation of bone matrix, a constant ratio of Ca and P absorption is of advantage. 相似文献
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Rana Kobayashi Kentaro Nagaoka Naomichi Nishimura Satoshi Koike Eiki Takahashi Kimie Niimi Harutaka Murase Teruo Kinjo Takamitsu Tsukahara Ryo Inoue 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)
Fecal microbiota in seven different monogastric animal species, elephant, horse, human, marmoset, mouse, pig and, rat were compared using the same analytical protocol of 16S rRNA metagenome. Fecal microbiota in herbivores showed higher alpha diversity than omnivores except for pigs. Additionally, principal coordinate analysis based on weighted UniFrac distance demonstrated that herbivores and pigs clustered together, whereas other animal species were separately aggregated. In view of butyrate‐ and lactate‐producing bacteria, predominant genera were different depending on animal species. For example, the abundance of Faecalibacterium, a known butyrate producer, was 8.02% ± 3.22% in human while it was less than 1% in other animal species. Additionally, Bifidobacterium was a predominant lactate producer in human and marmoset, while it was rarely detected in other omnivores. The abundance of lactate‐producing bacteria in herbivores was notably lower than omnivores. On the other hand, herbivores as well as pig possess Fibrobacter, a cellulolytic bacterium. This study demonstrated that fecal microbiota in herbivorous animals is similar, sharing some common features such as higher alpha diversity and higher abundance of cellulolytic bacterium. On the other hand, omnivorous animals seem to possess unique fecal microbiota. It is of interest that pigs, although omnivore, have fecal microbiota showing some common features with herbivores. 相似文献
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Host diversity and biological characteristics of the Trichinella genotypes and their effect on transmission 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
Kapel CM 《Veterinary parasitology》2000,93(3-4):263-278
The host spectra and biological diversity of the Trichinella genotypes are reviewed. While all genotypes appear to reproduce equally well in carnivore hosts, their infectivity and persistence in omnivores and herbivores show remarkable differences. Most of the genotypes found in wildlife have low infectivity for pigs and some persist only for a few weeks; in herbivores this tendency is even more profound, but malnourished, environmentally stressed, or otherwise immuno-suppressed hosts are likely to be more susceptible to Trichinella genotypes that would otherwise cause no, or only low level infection in that particular host species. In the domestic habitat (e.g. domestic pig farms), Trichinella spiralis is found almost exclusively, but in the sylvatic habitat the other Trichinella genotypes have found individual ecological niches. Thus, when environmental stress is limited in the domestic habitat, the high reproductive capacity of T. spiralis has a selective advantage, but in nature, the tolerance of other (sylvatic) genotypes to high and low temperatures and decomposition of host tissue might be more important. Parasite distribution according to muscle appear to be independent of the genotype of Trichinella and predilection sites are primarily determined by host species and secondarily by the age and level of infection. The biological diversity of the Trichinella genotypes should definitely be considered when planning experimental studies, as the uniform high infectivity of all genotypes in carnivores probably make them more suited for comparative studies than rodents. 相似文献
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Faecal samples were collected from 324 pet reptiles showing no clinical signs, including 28 saurian species (n=192), three ophidian species (n=74) and three chelonian species (n=58). Samples were examined for the presence of intestinal parasites by direct smear and faecal flotation, while direct immunofluorescence assays were used to reveal the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts. Overall, 57.4 per cent of the reptiles were harbouring intestinal parasites. These included oxyurids (16 per cent), coccidia (12.3 per cent), flagellates (9.3 per cent), strongyles (6.8 per cent), coccidia plus oxyurids (4.9 per cent), coccidia plus flagellates (1.8 per cent), coccidia plus strongyles (1.8 per cent), oxyurids plus strongyles (1.2 per cent), oxyurids plus flagellates (1.2 per cent), Cryptosporidium species (1.2 per cent) and strongyles plus flagellates (0.6 per cent). Intestinal parasites were more prevalent in saurians than in ophidians and chelonians, in insectivores than in carnivores, omnivores and herbivores, and in wild-caught than in captive-born reptiles. A highly significant difference was observed for saurians versus chelonians (odds ratio [OR]=2.20, 95 per cent confidence interval [CI] 1.21 to 3.99), insectivores versus herbivores (OR=2.38, 95 per cent CI 1.26 to 4.49) and in wild-caught versus captive-born pet reptiles (OR=2.36, 95 per cent CI 1.27 to 4.40). 相似文献