共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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奶牛日粮因素对乳产量及品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
介绍了日粮中一些可控制因素对乳产量及乳品质的影响,为牛奶生产者通过营养措施提高奶牛产乳量和改善牛乳品质提供了技术上的参考方向。 相似文献
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2007年下半年以来,我国原料乳价格波动情况分为3个阶段。影响其波动的主要原因有饲养成本、原料乳供求、原料乳质量、乳制品进口、国际乳制品价格、气候、疫情和政策。原料乳价格波动过大会影响奶农、乳企和消费者的利益。必须科学制定乳业发展规划,规范原料乳交易,建立监测与预警机制、合理的价格形成机制以及乳企与奶农的利益联结机制。 相似文献
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乳与乳制品质量安全问题探析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
鉴于中国乳品行业正进入前所未有的高速发展期,乳制品质量与安全问题日益受到人们关注的客观实际,结合近些年来市场上频繁出现劣质奶粉、勾兑酸奶、毒奶粉等恶性事件频繁发生危害百姓消费利益,亟需解决乳品市场安全的现实,介绍了我国原料乳安全、乳与乳制品安全质量现状以及乳制品流通领域的管理问题,重点论述了解决乳品质量与安全问题的一些 相似文献
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The cow stock of smallholder farmers with less than 100 cows still accounted for nearly 50% of total cows in China. Since the milk scandal occurred in 2008, raw milk safety has become focus for the sound development of the Chinese dairy industry. Adoption of on-farm milk safety measures by smallholders is a key for ensuring milk safety, and these measures are largely voluntary in nature. The recent survey conducted in northern China reveals that an overall adoption rate of various milk safety measures by smallholders is close to 48% with wide variations across the dairy farmers. We employ the Poisson regression model to study the determinants of farmers' adoption of voluntary milk safety measures. Compared with backyard dairy farmers, dairy complex and scaled dairy farms adopted more milk safety measures. Moreover, the empirical result indicates that farmers' adoption of raw milk safety measures is positively affected by farm size. These findings suggest that the changing dairy production structure towards larger farms and away from backyard dairy farming prompts smallholder dairy farmers to adopt more raw milk safety measures. This lends some support to the role of recent policy initiatives towards larger farms and away from backyard dairy farming on increasing the farmers' milk safety practices and reducing on-farm incidence of milk safety. 相似文献
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Shoaib Akhtar Gu-cheng LI Adnan Nazir Amar Razzaq Raza Ullah Muhammad Faisal Muhammad Asad Ur Rehman Naseer Muhammad Haseeb Raza 《农业科学学报》2019,18(2):460-470
Farmers in Pakistan continue to produce maize under various types of risks and adopt several strategies to manage those risks. This study is the first attempt to investigate the factors affecting the concurrent adoption of off-farm income diversification and agricultural credit which the farmers use to manage the risk to maize production. We apply bivariate and multinomial probit approaches to the primary data collected from four districts of Punjab Province in Pakistan. The results show that strong correlations exist between the off-farm diversification and agricultural credit which indicates that the use of one risk management strategy leads to another. The findings demonstrate that education, livestock number, maize farming experience, perceptions of biological risks and risk-averse nature of the growers significantly encourage the adoption of diversification as a risk management tool while farm size inversely affects the adoption of diversification. Similarly, in the adoption equation of credit, maize farming experience, farm size, perceptions of price and biological risks and risk attitude of farmers significantly enhance the chances of adopting agricultural credit to manage farm risks. These findings are important for the relevant stakeholders who seek to offer carefully designed risk minimizing options to the maize farmers. 相似文献
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奶制品是人们的日常消费品,其质量安全,尤其是原奶的质量关系亿万民众的生命和健康。通过对河北省奶牛养殖小区的实际调查走访,发现河北省原奶质量安全控制中存在饲养环境差,奶牛饲养规模小,饲养管理水平低,养殖小区管理秩序混乱,原奶的收购检测落后等问题。文章立足实际调研,提出改善饲养环境,发展养殖小区,加强技术指导,加强养殖小区管理,加快原奶收购标准的修订等对策。 相似文献
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[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the pollution caused by staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) in raw milk and the safety of dairy products in Jinan,and to provide a scientific basis for food safety risk analysis.[Method] A total of 130 raw milk samples were collected from different regions of Jinan,and detected for Staphylococcus aureus by referring to GB 4789.10-2010.Then,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect whether the S.aureus strains produced enterotoxins,and the enterotoxin type was identified using colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic test strips.[Result] Fiftyseven of the raw milk samples were polluted by S.aureus,so the detection rate of S.aureus was 43.85％;and 11 of the strains produced enterotoxins.Among the 11 enterotoxin-producing strains,seven produced SEB,only one produced SEC,and the SE type of other three strains was not identified.[Conclusion] Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic test strips can be used in combination to rapidly detect staphylococcal enterotoxins and identify enterotoxin type,although there are some limitations.SEB is the main type of staphylococcal enterotoxin causing pollution in milk of Shandong Province. 相似文献
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牛奶质量安全已经引起了我国政府、企业、消费者的广泛关注,而推行良好农业规范(GAP)管理是保证生鲜奶质量安全的重要措施之一。综述了我国奶业现状、奶牛GAP的应用现状、实施奶牛GAP认证的意义,针对推广奶牛GAP所面临的问题提出了建议。 相似文献
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通过牛奶市场上政府、企业和消费者的预期支付构造一个社会福利函数,以政府追求社会福利最大化的基调,对政府与企业之间的策略进行动态博弈分析,用逆向求解的基本思路讨论得出,当牛奶存在质量安全问题时,在检准率大于50%的前提下,政府对于牛奶产品的监管力度(抽检率)存在一个最优值,表明抽检并非越严格越好,而是与优质和低质牛奶的生产成本差呈正比,与牛奶的市场价格、惩罚力度以及检准率呈反比。政府的监管应该综合各影响因素之间的关系,制定出稳定长期有效的监管策略。 相似文献
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近年来,我国乳品质量安全现状持续好转,消费者的消费信心正在逐步恢复,保障乳品安全的各项治理整顿行动正在持续深入进行,山西省已经成为全国主要奶牛生产基地之一。针对山西省乳品生产质量安全现状,从生鲜乳的生产、贮运、乳制品的加工销售和政府部门的监管等方面剖析了乳制品质量安全影响因素,提出了如何进一步提升山西省乳品质量安全水平的对策:首先加快推进奶牛标准化规模养殖,扩大优质奶源基地,从源头上强化对原料乳的质量安全控制;大力推进奶牛良种工程建设,做好选种和选配工作;加强政府监管力度,全面实施生鲜乳监测计划;提高乳品生产企业管理水平,重视和抓好质量文化建设、道德文化建设,强化诚信体系建设。 相似文献
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A total of 12 mature healthy Holstein dairy cows of the nearly body weight （580±30） kg, milk yield （22.5±2.8） kg in the early stages of lactation were selected in this experiment. The cows were randomly divided into 2 groups, every group had 6 cows, every group had 6 repeats, and every repeat had 1 cow. Added 20 g protected methionine in earlier lactating cow food every day. The results showed that protected methionine increased milk yield by 10.83%, testing group milk yield was significantly different than that of control （P〈0.05）; protected methionine increased milk fat by 5.98%, testing group milk fat was significantly different than that of control （P〈0.05）; Milk protein increased by 2.15%, but bad insignificantly different （P〉0.05）; dry matter of milk had the tendency of decrease, but had insignificant difference （P〉0.05）. 相似文献
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[目的]研究日粮中添加美拉德反应产物（MRPs）对奶牛生产性能和乳品质的影响。[方法]在220头荷斯坦泌乳奶牛精料中添加1000mg/kg的MRPs,研究其对奶牛生产性能和乳品质的影响。试验期为1个月,统计每天的奶产量,每次挤奶时用全自动乳品成分分析仪测定乳脂和乳蛋白,试验末用平皿细菌总数计算法测牛奶中的细菌数。以2007年同期数据为对照。[结果]添加MRPs的试验牛奶产量比对照牛增加了6．81％（P〈0.01）,乳脂提高了3．98％（P〈0.01）,乳蛋白提高了2．44％（P〉0．05）,试验开始前奶中细菌数为〈40万cfu/ml,试验末为〈10万cfu/ml。[结论]日粮中添加MRPs能显著提高奶产量和乳脂含量,增加乳蛋白含量,降低奶中细菌数目,改善乳品质。 相似文献
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木薯渣对奶牛产奶量和奶品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验选用30头体重约400kg、健康无病、胎次相同,且处于泌乳中期,产奶量相近（P〉0.05）的荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为2组：对照组10头,用产奶期正常饲料饲喂;试验组20头,每头牛在对照组日粮基础上投5kg木薯渣替代5kg苜蓿干草,研究木薯渣对奶牛产奶量及奶品质的影响。结果表明：在产奶期日粮中添加木薯渣对奶牛的产奶量没有显著影响（P〉0.05）;从乳成分分析统计数据看,其对奶牛的乳成分影响不明显,乳脂、乳蛋白、乳糖、乳固形物和非脂固形物均无显著差异（P〉0.05）。 相似文献
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季节、饲养管理水平影响原料乳主要理化指标的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]对奶牛场所生产的原料乳进行理化指标检测,分析原料乳主要理化指标的影响因素,并提出一些解决措施.[方法]采集奶牛场的奶样,在实验室检测原料乳的主要理化指标(脂肪、蛋白质、非脂乳固体),所得数据绘制曲线图,并进行对比、分析、差异性检验,分析影响原料乳主要理化指标的因素.[结果]实验统计数据表明在实验区域和实验期间内,季节、饲养管理水平对牛奶中蛋白质、脂肪及干物质含量影响明显.通过改善奶牛圈舍条件,可以使牛奶的蛋白质、脂肪及干物质含量有所增加,并且可以缓和季节对牛奶中这些指标的影响.通过提高养殖小区的饲养管理水平,可以在原有水平上使牛奶的蛋白质、脂肪及干物质含量有所增加,并且缩小了养殖小区和核心牛场的差距.[结论]通过具体措施的实施,原料乳的主要理化指标有所增加,奶品质提高. 相似文献
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[目的]研究伊宁市生鲜乳中主要微生物的含量,为散装生鲜乳销售环节的卫生质量安全检测研究提供参考。[方法]针对新疆伊宁市8个不同片区售奶站进行采样,研究不同季节生鲜乳中菌落总数、大肠菌群数、芽孢总数和耐热芽孢总数的含量变化。[结果]2014年6月~2015年5月期间,伊宁市8个售奶站的生鲜乳在感官方面色泽、滋味、气味均正常,且不存在凝块、沉淀、肉眼可见异物现象;主要微生物含量指标菌落总数、大肠菌群数、芽孢总数和耐热芽孢总数分别为:3.08×105~8.48×105CFU/m L、1.5×105~8.1×105MPN/L、21~75 CFU/m L和3~8 CFU/m L,均符合国家标准。但散奶户所销售的生鲜乳中检查出微生物的含量要明显高于售奶站的鲜乳。[结论]新疆伊宁市部分奶站所售生鲜乳中主要微生物含量各项指标整体均符合国家标准,反映出伊宁市生鲜乳卫生管控整体水平较高。 相似文献