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为给小麦孢囊线虫综合治理提供一定的理论依据,通过对苏皖鲁豫接壤地区30块田的调查和分析,探讨了这些地区麦田小麦孢囊线虫的发生情况及线虫群体之间亲缘关系。结果表明,采集的30份样品中都能检测到孢囊线虫,孢囊密度为每100g土壤1～80个。进一步对30个小麦孢囊线虫群体的rDNA-ITS区PCR扩增、测序,对其序列进行比较分析发现,30个分离物的核苷酸序列同源性为97.1%～100%,与已报道的中国菌株（AY148382,EU106175）、澳大利亚菌株（AY148395）和俄罗斯菌株（AY148351）群体的进化关系最为接近,且位于进化树的同一个分枝,都属于禾谷孢囊线虫Avenae组。 相似文献
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菲利普孢囊线虫(Heterodera filipjevi)是在我国黄淮麦区新发现的小麦病原线虫,其致病力更强,危害更严重,对小麦产量和质量造成潜在威胁。病原致病型鉴定对抗病品种的筛选和培育十分重要。为了建立一套简便、快速、准确的SCAR标记检测体系,以黄淮麦区5个重要禾谷孢囊线虫致病型共9个群体为材料,首先对其进行RAPD分析,然后在RAPD分析的基础上对其进行SCAR分析。结果表明,通过筛选97条随机引物,获得2个菲利普孢囊线虫淮阳和博爱致病型群体特异的RAPD标记,其中,引物S232扩增出的多态性条带大小为550bp,引物S278扩增出的多态性条带大小为1 700bp。其后将引物S232扩增的条带进行回收、克隆及测序,根据测序结果设计的特异性引物F232-8-1/R232-8-1仅在菲利普孢囊线虫淮阳和博爱致病型群体中扩增出大小为517bp的特异性条带,而在小麦孢囊线虫其他致病型群体中没有扩增出该条带,说明菲利普孢囊线虫淮阳和博爱致病型群体SCAR标记成功建立,并将其命名为SC-S232。 相似文献
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为明确孢囊线虫在高寒、高海拔区的发生与分布情况,2015年8月,采用Z字型取样法,对甘南农牧过渡区10个乡镇燕麦田的80份根际土样进行了孢囊线虫调查。80份土样中孢囊线虫平均检出率为87.5%,夏河县的达菱乡、达麦乡、唐嘎尔乡与那吾乡,卓尼县杓哇乡及临潭县冶力关镇土样的检出率均达100%;夏河县王格尔塘镇最低,为60%。海拔高度不同,孢囊线虫的分布不同,在海拔2 501~2 800m的区域土样中,孢囊线虫检出率最高,为100%,在海拔3 101~3 500m区域检出率最低,为58.3%。燕麦田间孢囊线虫密度平均为3.7个·100g~(-1)土,其中卓尼县杓哇乡的密度最高,为14.4个·100g~(-1)土,夏河县王格尔塘镇和临潭县冶力关镇的最低,为1.1个·100g~(-1)土。通过形态学特征鉴定,此区的孢囊线虫为燕麦孢囊线虫(Heterodera avenae)。 相似文献
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黑龙江省大豆孢囊线虫（Heterod erag lyicines）生理小种分布的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本课题组对黑龙江省６５个市、县土样中存在的孢囊线虫，利用国际上通用的一套鉴别寄主，进行小种鉴定，共鉴定出６３个市县的孢囊线虫为３号小种，１个县为６号小种，１个县为７号小种，基本明确了黑龙江省大豆孢囊线虫生理小种类型与分布，为我省的抗线虫品种选育与合理布局提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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为了筛选抗禾谷孢囊线虫(Heterodera avenae)的小麦资源,以禾谷孢囊线虫保定群体为试虫,采用室内接种方法测试了41份来自CIMMYT的小麦品种(系)的抗病性;分别采用室内接种法和田间病圃法测试了27份国内冬小麦品种和1份饲用小麦品种的抗病性。结果表明,在41份CIMMYT小麦品种(系)中,2个属高抗,7个属中抗,其他均属感病。所有参试的国内小麦品种在室内和田间测定中均表现为高感。比较三种不同小麦品种抗孢囊线虫鉴定方法,室内接种鉴定比田间病圃鉴定发病严重,且简便易行,鉴定结果更可靠。 相似文献
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普通小麦品种中育6号对两种禾谷孢囊线虫的抗性遗传分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解小麦品种中育6号对菲利普孢囊线虫(Heterodera ilipjevi)焦作博爱群体和燕麦孢囊线虫(H.avenae)郑州荥阳群体的抗性遗传特点,在前期对该品种对两种禾谷孢囊线虫群体抗性鉴定的基础上,采用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析方法,分析了温麦19×中育6号杂交组合F2代群体抗性分离状况.结果表明,中育6号对两种禾谷孢囊线虫的抗性表现均为数量性状遗传,且由一对主基因控制.其对H.avenae郑州荥阳群体的抗性存在负向部分显性,是显性基因和加性基因共同作用的结果,且以加性效应为主,抗性主基因遗传率为59.35％;对H.filipjevi焦作博爱群体的抗性表现为负向完全显性效应,主基因遗传率为38.12％. 相似文献
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黑龙江省大豆孢囊线虫发生危害及研究现状 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
黑龙江省目前除抚远、呼玛等5县未作调查外,其余各县、市均有大豆孢囊线虫病为害,而且仍有扩大蔓延趋势。根据为害程度,可将我省划分为三个为害区:1.西部重发生区。2.东部三江平原中等发生区。3.除上述两地区外均为轻发生区。 通过对大豆孢囊线虫的研究,初步明确菜豆、赤小豆、各种野生、半野生大豆等是大豆孢囊线虫的主要寄主;它完成一个世代有效积温为330℃—350℃左右,一年发生三代;孢囊在土壤中的垂直分布为0—25厘米占99.4％;在盐碱土和砂质土危害较重;与非寄主作物轮作孢囊平均每年降低22.4％,而种植大豆后孢囊平均增长236.6％左右;种植抗病品种孢囊仅增加5—6.6％,种免疫材料孢囊则降低18.5％。 初步分析我国有1、3、4号小种,黑龙江以3号小种为优势小种;1976年以来,已选出19份高抗抗源,并从1978年以来杂交转育出黄种皮、百粒重15克以上新抗源;药剂防治,目前主要采用8％呋喃丹颗粒剂。 建议今后大力开展抗病育种及病原致病性变异;播前查囊指导药剂防治与轮作及生物防治的研究。 相似文献
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禾谷孢囊线虫的田间侵染规律及垂直分布研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解禾谷孢囊线虫(CCN)在小麦田间的侵染规律和分布动态,在2010-2012年的两个冬小麦生育周期里,定点调查CCN(Heterodera avenae)江苏沛县群体的田间生活史及不同虫态的数量.结果表明,在小麦生长季节中CCN只能完成一代生活史;小麦越冬前有少量二龄幼虫(J2)孵化,能侵入根系,但不能正常发育;返青期小麦的根围土壤中出现J2孵化高峰,大量侵入根系后,至抽穗期完成发育,在根系上形成肉眼可见的白色雌虫,在根内及土中可见少量雄虫;小麦成熟收获期,白色雌虫开始变褐形成孢囊,落入土中越夏.从田间垂直分布调查结果看,田间孢囊主要分布在土表下0～10 cm土层,孢囊线虫孵化的J2也主要分布在0～10 cm土层中,并且在返青期出现高峰,这与CCN的田间侵染规律相吻合. 相似文献
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为明确土壤中禾谷孢囊线虫(Heterodera avenae)初始密度(Pi)与小麦生长和产量的关系,在2011-2013年的两个冬小麦生育周期里,通过网室盆栽试验,分析了土壤禾谷孢囊线虫初始密度对其繁殖及小麦生长和产量的影响。结果表明,禾谷孢囊线虫的繁殖系数(Rf)随Pi的增加而减少,当Pi为0.5个卵·mL-1土时,Rf达到8.7;当Pi为64个卵·mL-1土时,Rf仅为2.8。小麦株高、茎叶干重、根干重及产量均与Pi呈显著负相关。当Pi≥8个卵·mL-1土时,小麦植株生长受到抑制,产量显著下降,因此田间禾谷孢囊线虫的初始密度高于该值时,应当采取有效措施进行防治。 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):189-198
AbstractGrain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):415-432
Summary This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed. 相似文献
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以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。 相似文献
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Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the
water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during
mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal
resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No
such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m−2 s−1 between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop. 相似文献
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体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望. 相似文献
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Summary Potatoes were left in the soil from December, when the vines died, until February (cvs Claustar and Sebago) or April (cv.
Spunta) in a location of central Greece with light, well drained soils and a mild climate. Tubers were analysed every two
months for dry matter and sugar content and usually the dry matter content did not change significantly from December to February
or April. The reducing sugars increased from December to February in tubers of all cultivars and significantly decreased in
cv. Spunta from February to April. 相似文献
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Kenji Suzuki Tomonori Sato Yukiyo Yamamoto Jun Furuya 《Paddy and Water Environment》2008,6(1):129-137
In order to find the changes in rainfall characteristics and to examine the flood damage to lowland rice, a statistical analysis
was carried out on the 40-year daily rainfall record at four rainfall stations (Thangon, Paksane, Seno, and Pakse) in Laos.
The rainfall record was divided into two periods of 20 years each. The results of this analysis revealed the trends in changes
regarding the frequency and the timing of the heavy daily rainfall events at the four stations. In Paksane in particular,
heavy daily rainfall events tended to occur in the latter half of the rainy season. 相似文献
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马铃薯产量、品质、加工等方面都较其他作物有更大的提升空间,但由于四倍体马铃薯存在遗传基础狭窄且复杂、难以创新等诸多问题阻碍了相关研究的深入开展。利用马铃薯单倍体或双单倍体植株有望解决上述诸多难题。马铃薯单倍体具有加速育种过程、提高选择效率等优点。马铃薯单倍体的获得包括花药培养、花粉培养、孤雌生殖、子房培养。其中,花药培养因更易取材,并且得到胚性细胞团、愈伤组织或胚状体的几率更大等优点而研究最为广泛。获得单倍体植株的成功率与试验材料的基因型、培养条件、培养基添加物等诸多因素相关。根据不同的诱导方法简要阐述了中国马铃薯单倍体研究的历史及进展。 相似文献