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1.
The objective of the present experiment was to determine the effects of addition of silicate minerals, zeolite (Z), bentonite (B), kaolin (K), granite (G) on the rumen fermentation parameters, total gas, methane, total and individual volatile fatty acids (VFA) and hydrogen recovery in rumen fluid inoculum from sheep. Different materials (0.25 g) meadow hay (MH), wheat straw (WS), barley (BA) and amorphous cellulose (AC) were used as substrates. Silicate minerals (0.1 g) were added to the fermentation bottles containing substrates and rumen fluid inoculum and incubated for 72 h in vitro. The gas production technique simulates fermentation in the rumen was used to determine fermentation parameters. The total gas production was significantly higher compared to control for MH plus B (MHB), MH plus G (MHG), WS plus Z (WSZ), WS plus B (WSB), WS plus K (WSK), WS plus G (WSG), AC plus B (ACB), AC plus G (ACG), BA plus Z (BAZ), BA plus B (BAB), BA plus K (BAK), BA plus granite (BAG). Significant differences of the methane production were found between the controls, WSG, BAB and BAK. The total VFA concentration was increased in ACG (83.1 mM). The acetate: propionate (A:P) ratio of the control and additives ranged between 3.1 and 3.6 for MH, 2.7 and 3.5 for WS, 1.6 and 1.8 for AC and 2.3 and 2.9 for BA. It was concluded that the silicate minerals had no appreciable effect on the methane production, however, they support the microbial metabolism by influencing (bentonite, granite) and slightly influencing (zeolite, kaolin) the rumen fermentation.  相似文献   

2.
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of α‐cyclodextrin‐allyl isothiocyanate (CD‐AI) on ruminal microbial methane production and rumen fermentation of corn starch, soluble potato starch or hay plus concentrate (1.5:1) by mixed rumen microorganisms. Diluted rumen fluid (30 mL) was incubated anaerobically at 38°C for 6 and 24 h with or without CD‐AI (0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 g/L). The pH of the medium was unchanged by CD‐AI in all substrates. The molar proportion of acetate was decreased and propionate was increased with a corresponding decrease in acetate : propionate ratio (P < 0.05). Total volatile fatty acids and butyrate were increased (P < 0.05). Ammonia‐N was decreased (P < 0.05). Except with soluble potato starch, numbers of protozoa were unchanged after 6 h. As concentration of CD‐AI increased from 0 to 3.2 g/L, fermentation of corn starch, soluble potato starch and hay plus concentrate resulted in decreased (P < 0.05) methane production of 49–100% (6 h) and 14–100% (24 h); 39–100% (6 h) and 16–100% (24 h); and 45–100% (6 h) and 17–100% (24 h), respectively. When hay plus concentrate was used as substrate, methanogenic bacteria were decreased (P < 0.05) with 0.8 g/L of CD‐AI after 6 h. Excluding the lower dose level (0.4 g/L) of CD‐AI, digestibility of neutral detergent fiber of hay plus concentrate was decreased (P < 0.05) after 24 h. A suitable level of CD‐AI could therefore be used as a supplement to inhibit methane production and improve rumen fermentation without detrimental effects on fiber digestion.  相似文献   

3.
绞股蓝皂甙对体外瘤胃微生物甲烷产量及发酵特性的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
利用体外产气量法研究绞股蓝皂甙对山羊瘤胃微生物体外甲烷产量及发酵特性的影响。试验包括2个部分,试验一研究了绞股蓝皂甙对瘤胃微生物甲烷产量及发酵特性的影响,试验二分析绞股蓝皂甙对瘤胃微生物发酵动力学参数的影响。试验以0.42 g羊草＋0.126 g玉米＋0.054 g豆粕为发酵底物,60 mL培养基中的绞股蓝皂甙添加量分别为0(对照),5,10,20和40 mg,发酵24 h。与对照组比较,发酵8 h,各处理组甲烷浓度显著下降(P<0.05),分别下降30.20％,43.49％,44.67％和75.8％;12 h,20 mg组显著下降(P<0.05),40 mg组极显著下降(P<0.01),处理组甲烷浓度分别下降6.97％,9.63％,18.90％和61.82％;24 h,10 mg组显著下降(P<0.05),40 mg组极显著下降(P<0.01),处理组甲烷浓度分别下降2.34％,9.39％,6.90％和20.73％,甲烷浓度与皂甙剂量之间有极显著的线性效应(P<0.01)。10 mg组的氢利用率极显著低于对照组,其他试验组无显著变化。10 mg组显著提高了TVFA及乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、戊酸、异戊酸和支链脂肪酸浓度(P<0.05),40 mg组丁酸的浓度极显著下降(P<0.01)。10 mg组和20 mg组乙丙比显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。随着皂甙剂量增加,乙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸、异戊酸、支链脂肪酸、总挥发性脂肪酸浓度及乙丙比呈显著或极显著的二次方效应,丁酸同时具有极显著的线性效应。处理组原虫数量显著(P<0.05)或极显著下降(P<0.01)(40 mg组),且与皂甙剂量间存在极显著的线性和二次方效应(P<0.01)。微生物蛋白含量没有显著变化,但呈上升趋势。10 mg组和40 mg组的氨态氮浓度显著升高(P<0.05),氨态氮浓度与皂甙剂量之间有显著的线性效应(P<0.05)。高剂量绞股蓝皂甙降低了微生物发酵的理论与实际产气量,并呈显著的线性和二次方效应,产气速率与皂甙剂量之间有着显著的线性效应。以上结果表明绞股蓝皂甙能改变瘤胃微生物发酵模式,降低瘤胃微生物的甲烷产量,提高VFA的产量,有利于饲料能量的利用,同时缓解甲烷对大气环境的污染。  相似文献   

4.
A trial was performed on wethers to study the digestibility of various lignocellulose materials (LCM) by the nylon bag method. The animals were fed good meadow hay ad lib. with unlimited access to water and mineral lick. The trial showed that LCM digestibility was not influenced by different weights of substrate sample. However, digestibility increased with the time for which the LCM were left to ferment in rumen. Almost 90% or more dry matter of the different substrates (pure sulphate cellulose, barley straw and treated beech sawdust) was digested within 48-hour fermentation in rumen. The situation is similar when the substrates are left to ferment in vitro for 96 hours. The high correlation coefficients calculated from the digestibility values of the substrates in vitro and in vivo testify to this fact. The only exception is untreated beech sawdust in which no such a high correlation was found, mainly owing to its low digestibility. However, this should be verified in other kinds of untreated wood (aspen, maple, ash), but with a higher digestibility. It should be stated that silk with a 50 mu mesh is the best material for the production of the bags.  相似文献   

5.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of nisin and monensin on rumen fermentation of diets containing hay and barley (80:20%) in artificial rumen (Rusitec system). The Rusitec system consisted of four fermentation vessels (V1, V2, V3, V4): V1 was without additives (control), V2 received daily 2 mg of nisin, V3 involved 5 mg of monensin and V4 combination of 2 mg of nisin with 5 mg of monensin. After an adaptation period (7 days), the fermentation parameters were determined for six consecutive days. Compared to control diet, the addition of nisin resulted in an increase (P < 0.05) of hemicellulose degradation, acetate, propionate (mmol.day-1) production and energetic efficiency of VFA (E), decrease of butyrate production. Nisin had no effect on dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), cellulose and detergent fiber degradation, production of total gas, methane and efficiency of microbial synthesis. The addition of monensin resulted in an decrease of DM, OM (P < 0.05), cellulose, hemicellulose, detergent fiber degradation (P < 0.001), total gas, methane and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) production. Monensin also significantly decreased acetate, butyrate, L-lactate (mmol.day-1) production and it increased propionate production (P > 0.001) and efficiency of microbial synthesis. The combined effect of nisin and monensin in V4 was similar to the effect of monensin in V3 compared to control. Then, the effect of additive monensin was dominant over nisin. In conclusion, our results indicate that nisin was less effective than monensin on some fermentation parameters (important for the improvement of the efficiency of utilization of the diet by ruminants) in artificial rumen.  相似文献   

6.
An in vitro trial was conducted to investigate the effect of different inoculum sources (buffalo vs. cattle) on rumen fermentation and degradability. Incubations were carried out using rumen fluid obtained from buffalo or cattle fed the same diet [60% grass hay and 40% concentrate; 18 kg dry matter (DM)/day]. The fermentation kinetics of eight feeds commonly used in ruminant nutrition (alfalfa hay, barley meal, beet pulp, corn meal and silage, ryegrass hay and silage and soya bean meal s.e.) were studied with the in vitro gas production technique and rumen fermentation parameters (substrate disappearance, pH and volatile fatty acids production) were determined after 120 h of incubation. The linear relationship indicates that the microbial metabolic pathways of the two inocula for all the substrates were qualitatively similar, albeit often quantitatively different. In this in vitro study, a significant influence of rumen inoculum (buffalo vs. cow) on fermentation and degradability of the examined substrates was found. The differences in buffalo and cattle rumen fermentation can be explained with a different microbial activity of the two ruminant species, because of different amount of microbial population or microbial population constituted by different species of bacteria and protozoa.  相似文献   

7.
旨在探讨利用体外产气法研究不同瘤胃降解蛋白平衡日粮(RDPB,g·kg-1 DM)对瘤胃发酵、总产气量和甲烷产量的影响.试验选用美国Ankom产气系统,采用随机区组试验设计,配置6种不同瘤胃降解蛋白平衡日粮,分别为日粮1(-20 g· kg-1 DM),日粮2(-10 g· kg-1 DM),日粮3(0 g· kg-1 DM),日粮4(10g·kg-1DM),日粮5(20 g·kg-1 DM)和日粮6(30 g· kg-1 DM),每组2个重复,培养期为24 h.结果表明:(1)本研究中6种类型日粮发酵液的pH、乙酸/丙酸、产气量和CH4产生量表现为日粮3(P＜0.01)或日粮4(P＜0.01)值最低.(2)挥发性脂防酸乙酸、丙酸、丁酸以及氨氮的浓度随着瘤冒降解平衡值的增加而增加,表明改变日粮瘤胃降解蛋白平衡可以影响瘤胃发酵.而瘤胃降解蛋白平衡对总挥发性脂肪酸以及原虫数量无显著影响.(3)日粮瘤胃降解蛋白平衡值影响不同时间点甲烷的浓度和24 h甲烷产量.其中以日稂4(P＜0.05)甲烷总产量最低.由此可见,在体外培养条件下,改变日粮RDPB影响了瘤胃发酵液pH、氨态氮(NH3-N)及挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度、总产气量、CH4产生量,综合考虑其对瘤胃发酵和甲烷产量等指标的影响,体外产气条件下适宜的RDPB水平为0～10g·kg-1 DM.  相似文献   

8.
The effect of plant oils and aspartate (ASP) on rumen fermentation in vitro. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of plant oils (rapeseed - RO, sunflower - SO; linseed - LO; 10% wt/wt) and 8 mmol sodium aspartate on rumen fermentation of a diet (250 mg) consisting of hay, barley and sugar beet molasses (60 : 30 : 10). Rumen fluid was collected from two Slovak Merino sheep fed the same diet twice daily. Mixed ruminal micro-organisms were incubated in fermentation fluid (40 ml) containing rumen fluid and McDougall's buffer (1 : 4). Incubations were carried out in batch cultures for 72 h at 39 degrees C two times in a 3-week intervals. When compared to the control, all supplemented diets (RO, SO, LO, ASP) significantly increased the pH, the mol% of propionate (LO + 8.7%; SO + 10.12%; RO + 8.65%; ASP + 5.86%) and the acetate : propionate ratio and numerically decreased methane production (SO -32.8%; LO, RO -30.08%; ASP -21.56%). Lactate production was also significantly decreased. Addition of plant oils to aspartate-treated incubations partly inhibited the decrease of n-butyrate, lactate and the increase of pH and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) caused by ASP treatment. The effect of combined additives (RO + ASP, SO + ASP, LO + ASP) on methane production SO + ASP (-19.23%) and mol% propionate SO + ASP (+2.66%), LO + ASP (+4.28%) was less effective. All combined additives caused a significant decrease in digestibility of the given feeds. No effect of plant oils and ASP could be observed on the parameters of rumen fermentation (mainly methane and propionate).  相似文献   

9.
Two nonlactating cows and two wether sheep, all fitted with a permanent cannula into the rumen, were fed either hay plus concentrate, grass silage or corn silage to study the effect of the donor animal and its diet on in vitro fermentation and microbial protein synthesis. Rumen inoculum was obtained before the morning feeding. Grass silage or corn silage was incubated in a semi‐continuous rumen simulation system for 14 days. Four replicated vessels were used per treatment. Degradation of crude nutrients and detergent fibre fractions as well as microbial protein synthesis and the production of volatile fatty acids were studied. Additionally, total gas and methane production was measured with a standard in vitro gas test. Gas production and methane concentration was higher when the inoculum used was from sheep than that from cows. The donor animal also affected the degradation of organic matter and ether extract as well as the amount of propionate and butyrate, and the acetate‐to‐propionate ratio. The effect of the diet fed to the donor animal on fermentation was much greater than the effect of the donor animal itself. Feeding hay plus concentrate resulted in higher gas production and degradation of acid detergent fibre, but in lower degradation of ether extract and reduced microbial protein synthesis. Additionally, the pattern of volatile fatty acids changed significantly when the diet of the donor animals was hay plus concentrate or one of the silages. These results show that in vitro fermentation and microbial protein synthesis is different when based on inoculum from either cattle or sheep. The diet fed to the donor animal is more important than the animal species and is probably mediated by an adjusted microbial activity. With regard to standardized feed evaluations, these results further support the need to harmonize in vitro approaches used in different laboratories.  相似文献   

10.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Tween 80 and monensin on rumen fermentation of the diet containing 70% wheat straw treated by white-rot fungus Pleurotus tuber-regium (TWS-PT) and 30% barley in artificial rumen (RUSITEC). The RUSITEC consisted of four fermentation vessels (V1, V2, V3, V4): V1 was without additives (control), V2 received daily 10 mg of monensin, V3 received daily 0.5% Tween 80 (vol.wt-1) and V4 involved the combination of 10 mg of monensin with 0.5% Tween 80 (vol.wt-1). After an adaptation period (6 days) the fermentation parameters were determined for six consecutive days. Tween 80 did not affect the rumen fermentation of the diet consisting 70% TWS-PT and 30% barley in RUSITEC. Monensin affected the rumen fermentation of the diet by the decreased degradability of DM, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose, cellulose (p < 0.001), the decrease of methane production (p < 0.001) and the higher proportion of propionate within the volatile fatty acids (p < 0.001) in comparison to control. Tween 80 did not improve the potency of monensin. Only some indices of the increase mol% of propionate (about 3.4%) and the decrease of methane production (about 0.47 mmol.day-1) were found by using Tween 80 plus monensin in comparison to use of monensin alone.  相似文献   

11.
The in vitro gas production technique was applied to evaluate the biological activity of tannins in sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) hay cut at four progressive phenological stages. The buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) rumen fluid was used as inoculum, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was added as specific binding agent and an alfalfa hay (AH) was used as control. All samples were analysed for chemical composition and condensed tannin (CTs). According to the phenological stage of sainfoin, crude protein gradually decreased [from 219 to 122 g/kg dry matter (DM)] and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) increased (from 391 to 514 g/kg DM). Condensed tannins showed the highest value at the first phenological stage [31.5 mg catechin equivalents (CE)/g DM], and their level significantly decreased at the subsequent growth stages. Gas production and fermentation rate were significantly affected by substrate type and PEG addition. The first stage of sainfoin showed the lowest value of gas and volatile fatty acids production and the slowest fermentation kinetics compared with the other samples, when incubated without PEG, because of the CTs effect. The incubation with PEG improved the fermentation process of the first stage of sainfoin, but no effect was registered on AH, where CTs were not detected. Among the sainfoin samples, the slowest kinetics with PEG was observed in the hay harvested at the fourth stage, probably due to its chemical composition. The use of PEG allowed to verify the effect of tannins on the in vitro fermentation characteristics of sainfoin hay.  相似文献   

12.
A trial was conducted with wethers to study the effect of the administration of a synthetic diet (composition: 30.125% starch, 30.125% sucrose, 25% cellulose, 5.25% urea, 8.125% mineral supplement, 1.25% maize oil and 0.125% cholinechloride) upon rumen fermentation. The adaptation to the synthetic diet lasted three months, the proportion of the synthetic diet increasing every week (by 10%) to the detriment of a traditional diet (composition: 0.5 kg meadow hay, 0.3 kg barley, 0.2 kg wheat bran, salt and straw ad libitum). In the 10th week the animals consumed 0.5 kg granular synthetic diet, 0.2 kg cellulose flakes and 0.01 kg polystyrene. After three weeks of the administration of the fully synthetic diet, the rumen fluid was sampled after morning feeding in intervals of 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 hours. In the dynamics of fermentation, statistically significant differences were found only in isobutyric and isovaleric acid between the 0th and 1st and between the 5th and 7th hours (P less than 0.05--P less than 0.001). The data for all the time intervals were recalculated to average values. These were as follows: total volatile fatty acids 63.03 mmol/l, acetic acid 51.00 mol%, propionic acid 26.75 mol%, butyric acid 19.43 mol%, isobutyric acid 0.91 mol%, isovaleric 1.27 mol%, valeric acid 0.62 mol%, energy efficiency of VFA production 78.23%. The obtained data are confronted with literary data on synthetic diets which contained urea and various energy sources.  相似文献   

13.
为了充分了解甲醇在瘤胃中生成甲烷的转化率以及对瘤胃发酵的调控,采用单因子试验,以紫花苜蓿作为底物,利用体外发酵技术,研究了不同水平的13 CH3OH(0、30、60和90μg/mL)生成甲烷的转化率和对瘤胃发酵参数以及微生物数量的影响。结果表明:①甲醇的添加线性地提高了理论产气量(Vf)、达到最大产气量一半时所需要的发酵时间(t0.5)、CH4产量以及发酵液中NH3-N的浓度和MCP合成量(P<0.05),但线性地降低了参数d、产气分率(k)、参数b以及发酵液中乙酸、戊酸、总VFA摩尔浓度和乙丙酸比例(P<0.05)。同时,对产气速率(FRD0)和CO2的产量没有显著的影响(线性,二次,P>0.05)。②甲醇转化成13CH4的转化率随着甲醇的添加而线性降低(P<0.01)。当培养48 h后,甲醇到13CH4的转化率达93.88%~100%。③甲醇的添加线性地减少了发酵液中黄色瘤胃球菌的数目(P<0.01),但线性地增加了发酵液中原虫、反刍兽甲烷短杆菌、史氏甲烷短杆菌和巴氏甲烷八叠球菌的数目(P<0.01)。  相似文献   

14.
An experiment was treated to investigate the effects of an extract of conditioned beech sawdust (80% methanol extraction) on the in vitro digestion of cellulose and on the digestion of hay and wheat bran diet (80 to 20%) in a artificial rumen (Rusitec). The addition of 10, 25, 50, 75 mg of extract to 0.25 g cellulose reduced significantly its digestibility from 94.5 to 92.9%; 90.4; 85.2; 82.1 and 80.1%, respectively. The addition of 0.6, 1.5 and 3.0 g of extract to 14 g diet DM in Rusitec decreased the digestibility from 49.6 to 41.8%. Gas (CO2, H2, CH4) production increased as well as the production of total volatile fatty acids: acetic, propionic, n-butyric and isobutyric, glucose utilization and ATP production were also better. The addition of extracts did not influence significantly the effectiveness of microbial proteosynthesis (YATP). The methanol extract of conditioned beech sawdust contained reducing sugars (saccharides), besides the phenolic substances (syringaldehyde and vanillin); these sugars influenced diet fermentation in Rusitec.  相似文献   

15.
Two completely randomised experiments compared the impact of different spices, each at 30 mg/g substrate DM, on the in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD), methane, ammonia and volatile fatty acids (VFA) from either wheat flour (wheat) (experiment 1) as highly or hay based mixtures (experiment 2) as moderately fermentable substrates. Experiment 1 tested the effects of adding cinnamon, clove, coriander, cumin and turmeric, individually, on the rumen fermentation during their in vitro incubations with wheat for 24 h. All spices reduced methane (P < 0.05) from wheat as compared to the spice-free wheat (control). Coriander reduced methane more followed by turmeric, cumin and cinnamon than the control. The IVDMD of wheat did not differ for most spices except cinnamon where IVDMD was reduced (P < 0.05) as compared to the control. Whilst, rumen ammonia was greatest for cumin (P < 0.01) followed by coriander and turmeric, it was lowest for clove (P < 0.01). The spices did not affect the pH and total VFA of rumen fluid for wheat. However, the presence of clove reduced acetic acid (P < 0.05). Experiment 2 tested the effect of only three (coriander, cumin and turmeric) spices individually or together on the in vitro fermentation of hay based mixtures during 96 h of incubation. Whilst all the individual spices or their mixture reduced methane from the hay based mixtures (P < 0.05), the extent of this reduction was highest for turmeric, second highest for coriander and lowest for cumin. It appeared that most spices modified methane emission from wheat as a single ingredient or hay based mixtures without having detrimental effect on diet disappearance or fermentation in vitro. However, the extent of this modification depended on the type of a spice and substrate. Therefore, careful selection of a spice to suit specific feeds would be essential before their in vivo use to modify the fermentation efficiency of ruminant diets.  相似文献   

16.
An experiment was conducted with rumen pouch (RUSITEC--Rumen Simulation Technique). In four fermentation vessels (V), percent proportions of hay and barley were as follows: V1--40:60, V2 - 60:40, V3--80:20 and V4--100:0. Every day 5 mg of monensin dissolved in 1 ml 96% ethanol were added to each fermentation vessel. All diets were isonitrogenous, and after an addition of urea the crude protein (CP) content made 13% in each diet. The experiment lasted 12 days: so called steady state period took the first six days when the fermentation conditions were stabilized. Monensin reduced dry matter digestibility, production of total volatile fatty acids, acetic acid, n-butyric and isovaleric acids and acetate: propionate proportion, and it increased the production of propionic and n-valeric acids. The production of methane and CO2 decreased. The higher proportion of hay in diets decreased dry matter digestibility, digestibility of detergent fibre, total and individual volatile fatty acids, CO2, methane energy yield of volatile fatty acids (E), glucose utilization, production of adenosine triphosphate and production of fermented hexoses. The production, utilization and recovery of metabolic hydrogen also decreased. The effectiveness of microbial matter synthesis (YATP = 11.3) was highest during the fermentation of feed containing 60% hay and 40% barley.  相似文献   

17.
甘草提取物对绵羊瘤胃体外发酵及甲烷产量的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
本试验旨在研究不同水平的甘草提取物对绵羊瘤胃体外发酵及甲烷产量的影响。选择3只安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的卡拉库尔羊作为瘤胃液供体,通过体外产气法进行甘草提取物添加水平的筛选试验。以绵羊基础饲粮为底物,其中分别添加0(对照组)、0.5%、1.0%、3.0%、5.0%、7.0%的甘草提取物,分别培养6、9、12、15、18、21、24 h,研究其对瘤胃发酵参数(产气量、培养液pH、挥发性脂肪酸浓度、氨态氮浓度及甲烷产量)的影响,并应用多项指标综合指数进行评定。结果表明:24 h发酵结束时,5.0%组、7.0%组的产气量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);甘草提取物对培养液pH和氨态氮浓度无显著影响(P>0.05);试验组乙酸、丙酸浓度(除0.5%组21 h)均低于对照组;发酵24 h结束时,7.0%组甲烷产量显著低于对照组(P<0.05);多项指标综合指数1.0%组>0.5%组>7.0%组>3.0%组>5.0%组。结果显示:本试验条件下,添加1.0%甘草提取物最有利于体外发酵。  相似文献   

18.
Mixed ruminal bacteria (n = 4) were incubated in anaerobic media for 24 h in vitro with either hay, corn meal, protein hydrolyzate or hydrogen gas as the substrate. The ionophore monensin and the polypeptide antibiotic bacitracin were added to the incubation flasks at concentrations ranging from 0 to 10 or 40 mg/liter. As was expected, monensin decreased methane production, increased the ratio of propionate to acetate and decreased the deamination of amino acids. Monensin had little effect on methane production, however, if hydrogen gas was the fermentation substrate. Bacitracin, another gram-positive antibiotic with a distinctly different cellular target, was somewhat less potent than monensin, but it produced strikingly similar responses. This similarity of fermentation patterns suggested that monensin action in the rumen is probably due to its activity as a gram-positive antibiotic, and that any gram-positive antibiotic not suppressed by resistance may produce fermentation effects similar to those of monensin. The cellular action of monensin as an ionophore in membranes is probably little more than a means of inhibiting sensitive species. Many gram-positive antibiotics have little affect on ciliate protozoa or coccidia.  相似文献   

19.
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加碘酸钙对牦牛瘤胃体外发酵的影响。以碘酸钙作为添加形式,以牦牛饲粮为底物进行体外瘤胃发酵,底物碘含量分别为0.1、0.3、0.5、0.7、0.9 mg/kg,发酵48h,测定发酵后的产气量、瘤胃发酵指标及消化酶活力。结果表明:当底物碘含量为0.3mg/kg,NH_3-N浓度、微生物蛋白质(MCP)含量、脂肪酶(LPS)活力、胰蛋白酶(TYS)活力、纤维素酶(CLS)活力达到最大值,分别为14.267 mg/100mL、4.619g/L、0.462U/mL、65.463U/mL、69.527U/mL,碘含量为0.3mg/kg时,乙酸(aceticacid)、丙酸(propionicacid)、总酸(TVFA)浓度达到最高值,分别为:56.142mmol/L、30.877mmol/L、87.460mmol/L,各组之间差异均不显著(P>0.05),乙酸与丙酸的比例达到最小值1.819,显著低于其它所有组乙酸与丙酸的比例(P<0.05);在底物碘含量为0.5mg/kg时,淀粉酶(AMS)活力与纤维素酶(CLS)活力达到最大值分别为1.832U/mL、69.527U/mL;在底物碘含量为0.7mg/kg时,总产气量与甲烷产量达到最大值分别为80.8mL、11.88mL。综合以上结果,在体外条件下,在底物碘含量为0.3～0.7mg/kg时,有利于瘤胃发酵和饲草料降解。  相似文献   

20.
优化日粮配方是减少反刍动物甲烷产生的最有效途径.本研究利用体外瘤胃液发酵技术,对14种饲料原料(糠麸、植物蛋白和谷物)体外发酵性能相关性及产甲烷潜力进行评估.根据各成分的产甲烷量将饲料配方分为高产、中产和低产类型,然后进行体外发酵,以确定实际产甲烷量及其对消化率的影响.结果:3类原料中总可消化养分水平最高的分别是棕榈粕...  相似文献   

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