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1.
紫苏叶片响应镉胁迫的蛋白质差异表达分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为阐明紫苏[Perilla frutescens(L.)Britt.]响应镉胁迫的分子机制,应用营养液加镉法,采用蛋白质组学技术分析了紫苏叶片响应镉胁迫3周的蛋白质表达差异。结果表明,镉胁迫下紫苏叶片有25个蛋白发生差异表达,其中20个蛋白质得到LC-MS/MS鉴定:光合作用相关蛋白3个,能量代谢相关蛋白11个,胁迫相关蛋白1个,蛋白质代谢相关蛋白2个,基因表达相关蛋白1个,结构蛋白1个,生物合成与解毒相关蛋白1个。在浓度为2.0 mg·kg-1、5.0 mg·kg-1、10.0mg·kg-1镉胁迫下,紫苏叶片中ATP合成酶、丝氨酸羧肽酶、植物细胞色素P450均上调表达,Rubisco大亚基、核糖体蛋白S3和肌动蛋白表达均下调。光合系统Ⅱ稳定/装配因子HCF136及胁迫反应蛋白乙酰辅酶A硫酯酶在低浓度镉(2 mg·kg-1)处理下表达上调,在高浓度镉(5 mg·kg-1,10 mg·kg-1)处理下表达下调;磷酸核酮糖激酶/尿苷激酶家族蛋白在2 mg·kg-1和5 mg·kg-1镉处理时表达上调,10 mg·kg-1镉处理时不变;逆转录转座子蛋白在10 mg·kg-1镉处理时表达下调。可见,紫苏叶片通过增强能量代谢、降低光合作用、改变蛋白代谢与基因表达和提高解毒能力,增强了镉耐性。 相似文献
2.
为从蛋白质水平揭示耐热与热敏感水稻花药响应高温胁迫的分子机制,本研究以耐热水稻品系996和热敏感水稻品系4628为材料,采用iTRAQ技术对高温和适温条件下水稻花药进行差异蛋白质组学分析。结果表明,在996高温-996适温、4628高温-4628适温、996高温-4628高温和996适温-4628适温4个比较组中,共筛选到957个差异表达蛋白,其中上调表达蛋白398个,覆盖率达20%以上的蛋白占鉴定总蛋白的50.96%。GO分析显示,抽穗开花期花药差异蛋白主要集中于代谢过程和细胞过程,在细胞组成方面主要分布于胞内部分、细胞器和细胞,分子功能主要涉及催化活性、绑定等。花药差异蛋白通路分析显示,来源于bZIP和DOF家族的2个转录因子差异表达,DOF家族基因上调,bZIP家族基因下调;18个HSPs基因中大部分表达上调;与植物激素和信号传导相关基因大部分表达下调;10个活性氧(ROS)相关基因中5个表现为上调;与次生代谢相关基因大部分下调。本研究结果为揭示水稻花药高温胁迫的应答分子调控机制提供了一定的理论基础。 相似文献
3.
以南方型紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa ‘Millennium’)30 d苗龄的实生苗为实验材料,分析正常培养和250 mmol/L NaC1处理72 h后叶片中的蛋白表达变化,以期从蛋白质水平上揭示南方型紫花苜蓿适应盐胁迫的分子机制.采用同位素相对标记与绝对定量技术(isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation,iTRAQ)结合双向液相色谱与串联质谱(2-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,2D-LC-MS/MS)定量蛋白质组技术鉴定南方型紫花苜蓿叶片响应盐胁迫的差异表达蛋白,对所获得差异蛋白进行生物信息学分析,筛选出可能的耐盐潜在靶标蛋白.结果表明,共鉴定3 712个定量蛋白,417个表达量有显著差异的蛋白质(变化倍数≥1.2,P≤0.05),其中包含291个表达上调的蛋白,126个表达下调的蛋白.按照基因本体(Gene Ontology,GO)分类体系,对差异蛋白归类分析,揭示其亚细胞定位和分子功能.京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)通路显著性富集于代谢途径、次生代谢产物生物合成、吞噬体、脂肪酸代谢和光合作用等(P＜0.05,错误发现率(false discovery rate,FDR)＜0.05).成功鉴定的差异蛋白分别涉及到光合作用(7％)、信号传递(3％)、防御(2％)、碳水化合物代谢(11％)、氨基酸代谢(7％)、脂类代谢(5％)、其它代谢(7％)、蛋白质合成、加工与降解(18％)、细胞结构、分裂和细胞骨架(3％)、抗氧化物(6％)、能量产生与转运(7％)、膜和胞内运输(7％)及未知功能蛋白类(16％).差异表达蛋白中与抗氧化物、能量产生与转运、防御和信号传递及代谢等相关的蛋白表达量总体上调,而与蛋白质合成、加工与降解和光合途径相关蛋白表达量总体下调.研究发现,细胞色素P450、PSⅡ放氧增强蛋白、磷脂酰肌醇特异性磷脂酶C、果糖-1,6-二磷酸醛缩酶、甘露糖-6-磷酸还原酶、海藻糖-6-磷酸合酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶、E3泛素连接酶和H+-ATP酶C亚基蛋白等可能是紫花苜蓿耐盐潜在靶标蛋白.采用iTRAQ结合2D-LC-MS/MS技术,能有效地筛选出南方型紫花苜蓿叶片响应盐胁迫差异表达蛋白,这些差异表达蛋白可能在紫花苜蓿耐盐调控过程中发挥重要作用,该研究为深入认识紫花苜蓿盐胁迫的应答分子调控机制提供理论依据. 相似文献
4.
硅介导番茄青枯病抗性的土壤定量蛋白质组学研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)是一种重要的经济作物。由青枯菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)侵染所产生的青枯病是一种严重影响茄科类作物的细菌性土传病害。传统的防治方法,如培育抗性品种、轮作、药剂防治等均存在一定的局限。而硅作为一种作物生长的有益元素,在提高植物适应生物胁迫和非生物胁迫中均起重要作用。本研究以易感青枯病的番茄品种"台湾红圣女"作为试验材料,利用i TRAQ(isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation)定量蛋白质组学技术,研究硅和/或青枯菌接种对番茄青枯病抗性及土壤蛋白质组的影响。结果表明,2.0 mmol L-1硅处理能显著降低番茄青枯病的病情指数,增强抗病性。基于i TRAQ定量蛋白质组学技术,硅和/或青枯菌处理对土壤蛋白质组的研究表明,在鉴定的30个土壤蛋白质中,有29个蛋白差异表达显著(上调≥1.2倍,下调≤0.8倍差异)。青枯菌侵染诱发22个土壤蛋白下调表达,5个上调表达。在不接菌的条件下,硅处理有5个土壤蛋白上调,19个蛋白下调;而接菌条件下则有8个蛋白上调,14个蛋白下调。将这29个差异蛋白进行GO基因功能分类结果显示,硅和/或青枯菌处理主要影响生理代谢过程以及核酸结合蛋白。硅对番茄青枯病的作用机理主要体现在:改变微生物的代谢能力,调控与抗性代谢、蛋白质的合成与翻译、信号转导以及免疫系统过程和胁迫响应有关蛋白的表达,影响钙离子信号转导等。 相似文献
5.
为了探究果酒酵母菌混合发酵下东方伊萨酵母(Issatchenkio orientalis 166,Io 166) 耐受乙酸的分子机制,采用串联质谱标签(TMT)技术分析差异表达蛋白,进行乙酸胁迫条件下蛋白质组学的研究。结果表明,在对数生长期中期乙酸胁迫下Io 166生长会受到抑制,但Io 166会逐渐适应乙酸胁迫并产生抗性,胁迫4 h后共有461个蛋白差异表达,其中327个上调,134个下调。这些蛋白经注释和统计分析表明,在乙酸胁迫下,谷胱甘肽的合成增加,几种具有抗氧化特性的蛋白质(如PXP9、HYR1、CCP1)上调,对细胞耐受乙酸起到关键作用。此外,与氨基酸(如精氨酸)生物合成和代谢过程相关的蛋白差异表达,热激蛋白(HSP)高度表达以降解聚集和错误折叠的蛋白。本研究结果为Ⅰ. orientalis耐受乙酸提供了理论依据,并对提高果酒耐受乙酸发酵具有潜在的应用价值。 相似文献
6.
为了从基因和蛋白质水平上揭示南方型紫花苜蓿适应盐胁迫环境的分子机制,以南方型紫花苜蓿Millennium为材料,对正常培养和盐胁迫条件下的2个样品叶片进行转录组和蛋白质组关联分析。结果表明,定量蛋白和基因关联系数为0.2485;变化趋势相反差异蛋白和基因表达的关联系数为-0.2440;变化趋势相同差异蛋白质和基因表达的关联系数为0.8122。鉴定出109个与差异基因表达趋势相同的差异蛋白,其中77个上调,32个下调,这些差异蛋白功能涉及光合作用、抗氧化物、信号传递、翻译后修饰、翻译和分子伴侣、胁迫防御、能量产生与转运、代谢和其它未知功能蛋白等。下调表达的蛋白主要与光合作用相关,而上调表达的蛋白主要参与了抗氧化物、信号传递和胁迫防御等。此外,关联发现了与紫花苜蓿盐胁迫响应相关的III类过氧化物酶、铁蛋白、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶、磷脂酰肌醇特异性磷脂酶C、LRR类受体激酶、ABA反应蛋白、钙联接蛋白2、液泡H+-ATP酶C亚基和NADP-苹果酸酶等差异蛋白。本研究通过高通量多组学数据的关联分析,发现一些可能作为紫花苜蓿耐盐潜在靶标蛋白(基因),这为深入认识紫花苜蓿盐胁迫的应答分子调控机制奠定了坚实的基础。 相似文献
7.
基于iTRAQ技术的不同耐旱性甘薯苗期根系差异蛋白分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为从蛋白水平揭示不同甘薯品种的苗期耐旱性差异,明确甘薯耐旱性生理机制,以耐旱性强的济薯21(JS)和耐旱性弱的济紫薯1(JH)为材料,采用PEG-6000模拟田间梯度干旱胁迫过程,采用i TRAQ技术开展甘薯苗期根系全蛋白组差异蛋白分析。结果表明,在4个比较组中,共筛选到567个差异表达蛋白,其中上调表达蛋白302个,覆盖率达20%以上的蛋白占鉴定总蛋白数的58.6%。GO分析发现,JS苗期根系差异蛋白主要集中在胁迫响应、非生物刺激响应等生物过程,而JH苗期根系差异蛋白主要集中在糖基复合物代谢和辅酶代谢等生物过程,干旱均主要影响2个品种的细胞质、细胞溶质等细胞组分,2个品种的差异蛋白分子功能均涉及催化活性、氧化还原酶活性等方面。KEGG分析发现,正常条件下,耐旱性强的较耐旱性弱的甘薯品种苗期根系中的过氧化物酶(POD)和肉桂醇脱氢酶(CAD)表达上调;在干旱条件下,次生代谢合成过程中的苯丙烷合成通路中上调表达的差异蛋白最多,耐旱性强的JS苗期根系中主要是胁迫响应相关蛋白,而耐旱性弱的JH苗期根系中主要是能量代谢相关蛋白。总之,干旱对甘薯苗期根系细胞质中次生物质合成和能量代谢影响较大,耐旱性强的甘薯苗期根系氧化还原酶类蛋白表达上调,不同耐旱性甘薯苗期根系在蛋白组学水平上响应干旱的生理调控途径存在明显差异。本研究为甘薯耐旱性品种生理鉴定和耐旱基因发掘提供了线索。 相似文献
8.
基于iTRAQ质谱分析技术筛选南方型紫花苜蓿根部响应盐胁迫差异表达蛋白 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了从蛋白质水平上揭示南方型紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa ‘Millennium’)适应盐胁迫的分子机制,本研究以30 d苗龄的南方型紫花苜蓿实生苗为材料,分析正常培养和250 mmol/L NaCl处理72 h后根中的蛋白表达变化,采用同位素相对标记与绝对定量技术(isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation,iTRAQ)结合双向液相色谱与串联质谱(2-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,2D-LC-MS/MS)定量蛋白质组技术鉴定南方型紫花苜蓿根部响应盐胁迫差异表达蛋白,对所获得差异蛋白进行生物信息学分析,筛选出可能耐盐潜在靶标蛋白.同时,选择5个差异表达蛋白进行实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)验证.结果表明,共鉴定3 857种定量蛋白,534种差异蛋白(变化倍数≥1.2,P＜0.05),其中表达上调的281种,表达下调的253种.基因本体(Gene Ontology,GO)分子功能提示这些差异性蛋白主要参与转运活性、催化活性和酶调控活性.京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)通路显著性富集于代谢途径、次生代谢产物生物合成、苯丙氨酸代谢和核糖体等(P＜ 0.05,错误发现率(false discovery rate,FDR)＜ 0.05).成功鉴定的差异蛋白分别涉及到信号传递(8.99％)、抗氧化物(7.68％)、防御(5.61％)、蛋白质合成、加工和降解(14.79％)、能量产生与转运(5.81％)、代谢(26.97％)、膜与胞内运输(5.62％)和细胞结构、分裂和细胞骨架(2.06％)等.差异表达蛋白中与信号传递、抗氧化物和防御等相关的蛋白表达量总体上调,而与代谢和能量产生与转运相关蛋白表达量总体下调.qRT-PCR实验发现,mRNA与蛋白质表达水平并不一致.研究发现组氨酸磷酸转移蛋白、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶、h类硫氧还蛋白、蛋氨酸亚砜还原酶基因、鸟苷二磷酸(guanosine diphosphate, GDP)解离抑制因子、脂质转移蛋白、β-1,2-木糖基转移酶和H2A/H2B/H3/H4核心组蛋白等可能是紫花苜蓿耐盐潜在靶标蛋白.本研究采用iTRAQ结合2D-LC-MS/MS技术,有效地筛选出南方型紫花苜蓿根部响应盐胁迫差异表达蛋白,为深入认识紫花苜蓿盐胁迫的应答分子调控机制奠定了坚实的基础. 相似文献
9.
铜胁迫下小白菜叶片基因表达谱的cDNA-AFLP分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究以小白菜品种‘上海青’为试验材料,利用Cu2+质量浓度为10 mg·L-1的营养液水培小白菜幼苗,通过cDNA-AFLP技术分析小白菜响应铜胁迫相关基因及其表达情况。试验中利用多态性较好的135对引物进行扩增,共获得5 800多条转录衍生片段(TDFs),平均每个引物组合扩增出30~60条,片段大小主要集中在100~1 000 bp,根据条带强弱和有无的变化,其表达模式可以分为持续表达、瞬时表达、上调表达和下调表达4种情况。通过筛选获得180条差异表达TDFs,其中上调表达77条(42.8%),下调表达61条(33.9%),瞬时表达42条(23.3%)。选取其中152条差异表达TDFs进行回收测序,最终得到151个有效序列,其中上调表达68条(45%),下调表达50条(33.1%),瞬时表达33条(21.9%)。Blastx比对结果显示,112条TDFs序列与已知基因具有较高的相似度,涉及能量代谢、物质合成与运输、逆境响应、信号转导等多种途径,16条TDFs序列与功能未知或假定基因的同源性较高,其余23条TDFs序列与已知功能基因的同源性较低或零匹配,可能是一些新的铜胁迫应答基因。从151条TDFs选取4条TDFs,以小白菜actin基因为内参照,对其在不同胁迫处理时间的表达情况进行荧光定量RT-PCR验证,分析结果与cDNA-AFLP结果基本吻合,表明cDNA-AFLP技术是研究小白菜铜胁迫相关基因差异表达的有效方法。小白菜铜胁迫相关基因表达情况较为复杂,涉及多种代谢途径。本研究结果可为探讨小白菜铜胁迫的分子机理和相关基因的克隆提供理论依据。 相似文献
10.
茭白(Zizania latifolia)是我国南方重要的水生蔬菜,温度对其田间生产具有较大的影响。以浙江省主栽双季茭白品种浙茭911为对照,采用双向电泳技术(two-dimensional electrophoresis,2-DE)对茭白耐冷栽培品种龙茭2号叶片的差异表达蛋白进行比较鉴定分析,获得蛋白点数分布在822~955,差异蛋白点筛选表明,低温及恢复处理中,龙茭2号差异表达蛋白上调数量均高于浙茭911,差异表达蛋白下调数量均低于浙茭911;质谱成功鉴定了6个耐冷相关差异表达蛋白:IAA(indole acetic acid)生长素水解酶(IAA auxin amido hydrolase,IAA-AH)、甲酸四氢叶酸连接酶(putative formate-tetra-hydrofolate ligase,FSH)、苹果酸脱氢酶malate dehydrogenase,MDH)、6-磷酸甘露糖还原酶(mannose-6-phosphate reductase,M6PR)、ATP合成酶(ATP synthase CF1 alpha chain,ATPase)和分子伴侣cpn60-1(chaperonin cpn60-1,cpn60-1),分别与植物激素代谢、核酸合成、能量代谢、光合作用及蛋白折叠等功能相关。IAA-AH、MDH和分子伴侣cpn60-1在两个茭白品种中均表现出低温处理后表达量上调,恢复处理后表达量下调,其他3个蛋白在两个品种间表达变化存在差异;5℃低温处理时,龙茭2号中差异蛋白表达较为稳定,并能较好地恢复至对照水平。基于茭白转录组测序信息查询,克隆获得6个差异蛋白点相关基因的编码区序列并进行了荧光定量PCR验证分析。本研究从蛋白和分子水平阐明了双季茭白龙茭2号耐冷相关的部分蛋白及其表达变化,有助于揭示龙茭2号孕茭特性及其耐冷机制,为田间选育不同采收期的茭白耐冷新品种提供理论依据。 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
15.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
16.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
19.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献