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T. Rehman K. McKemey C.M. Yates R.J. Cooke C.J. Garforth R.B. Tranter J.R. Park P.T. Dorward 《Agricultural Systems》2007
Whilst much is known of new technology adopters, little research has addressed the role of their attitudes in adoption decisions; particularly, for technologies with evident economic potential that have not been taken up by farmers. This paper presents recent research that has used a new approach which examines the role that adopters’ attitudes play in identifying the drivers of and barriers to adoption. The study was concerned with technologies for livestock farming systems in SW England, specifically oestrus detection, nitrogen supply management, and, inclusion of white clover. The adoption behaviour is analysed using the social–psychology theory of reasoned action to identify factors that affect the adoption of technologies, which are confirmed using principal components analysis. The results presented here relate to the specific adoption behaviour regarding the Milk Development Council’s recommended observation times for heat detection. The factors that affect the adoption of this technology are: cost effectiveness, improved detection and conception rates as the main drivers, whilst the threat to demean the personal knowledge and skills of a farmer in ‘knowing’ their cows is a barrier. This research shows clearly that promotion of a technology and transfer of knowledge for a farming system need to take account of the beliefs and attitudes of potential adopters. 相似文献
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文章基于醴陵县、赫山区和冷水滩区三个区（县）270户农户的相关数据,以南方典型稻稻油种植技术为例,通过建立Logistic模型对农户技术采纳行为进行研究。通过对农户技术采纳的影响因素进行分析确认,结果显示,家庭劳动力数,水稻和油菜的市场价格,技术指导的次数,信息便捷程度,政策支持、区域特征6个变量对农户技术采纳行为具有显著影响。最后,根据分析结果,提出促进农户采纳南方农业技术、提高南方农业技术推广效率的相关政策建议。 相似文献
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《Agricultural Systems》1999,59(1):79-98
This paper addresses issues surrounding measurement of the potential productivity gains from new livestock technologies and the returns to international livestock research. The approach, applicable to many livestock production constraints and technologies, uses geographic information systems (GIS) to spatially link a biophysical herd simulation model with an economic surplus model. The particular problem examined is trypanosomosis in cattle in Africa, and the potential research product is a multi-component vaccine. The results indicate that the potential benefits of improved trypanosomosis control, in terms of meat and milk productivity alone, are $700 million per year in Africa. The disease now costs livestock producers and consumers an estimated $1340 million annually, without including indirect livestock benefits such as manure and traction. Given an adoption period of 12 years, a maximum adoption rate of 30%, a discount rate of 5%, and a 30% probability of the research being successful within 10 years, the net present value of the vaccine research is estimated to be at least $288 million, with an internal rate of return of 33%, and a benefit/cost ratio of 34:1. © 相似文献
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Based on a comprehensive search and review of the literature, 42 studies are identified for in-depth review and analysis of documented impacts of agricultural research from 1959 to 2009. This body of evidence is subjected to a systematic, quantitative scrutiny for the coverage and type of impact to derive patterns, gaps and trends in documented impacts of research in the subregion. The analysis offers compelling evidence that past investments in agricultural research in the region have been productive. In so doing, the study also reveals some persistent patterns and identifies a number of gaps between investments and documented impacts. Strikingly, the benefits are principally derived from rice improvement research, which has generated 86% of total documented benefits in the Southeast Asia region over the past five decades. In comparison with rice improvement research, evidence of impacts in other areas such as natural resource management and other commodities is minor. This suggests that there is considerably more certainty about the ability of rice research, particularly genetic improvement, to generate impact than is the case for other research foci.However, even for rice, the evidence has been patchy across time and space. There has been no comprehensive and subregion-wide attempt to inventory trends in adoption of improved rice varieties and document historical net benefits generated by this research effort. Despite the large-scale, long-term and sustained adoption of research generated rice technologies for smallholder farmers in this subregion, an impressive story on the impacts of agricultural research on long-term developmental goals still remains undocumented. The paper also reveals a declining trend in total documented net benefits from agricultural research in recent years, which is probably attributable to research lag times and changes in the intensity of impact assessment over time. 相似文献
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《Agricultural Systems》2002,71(1-2):75-98
Most research and development involving forages in Southeast Asia has been directed towards impacts in commercial farming systems. Little adoption of forages has occurred in smallholder livestock systems, which account for the vast majority of the livestock in the region. The main reason for this lack of adoption is the linear processes that have been used to develop forage technologies on research stations leading to the extension of ‘finished' technology packages. This paper describes existing uses of forages in Southeast Asian farming systems and, using a recent case study, describes the potential for developing smallholder forage systems using participatory approaches to technology development. 相似文献
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农业技术推广是粮食丰收、农民增收的重要措施。技术能否尽快地转化成生产力,关键在于农业技术推广。通过技术指导、因地制宜的科学种田,可减少投入、节约成本,给农民带来实实在在的利益。 相似文献
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物理农业技术在我国的应用与展望 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
物理农业技术是利用声、光、电、磁与核等手段实现除病、防害、增产和环保等要求的技术。与传统的化学农业相比,可实现生态效益、经济效益与社会效益的最优化。为此,阐述了物理农业技术的实现手段,以及在我国的应用与发展展望。当前,在我国已经开发应用、有待广泛推广的物理农业技术主要有声波助长技术、种子磁化技术、空间电场防病促生技术、电子杀虫技术和二氧化碳气肥增施技术等,这些技术可以广泛应用于种植业和养殖业。物理农业技术的应用是我国未来农业发展的方向之一。 相似文献
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农业物联网研究与应用现状及发展对策研究 总被引：31，自引：0，他引：31
农业物联网是新一代信息技术在农业领域的高度集成和综合运用,对我国农业信息化发展具有重要引领作用,改变了传统农业生产方式,促进了农业向智能化、精细化方向的转变。本文对农业物联网概念和技术体系构成进行了分析,总结了国内外农业物联网感知技术、通讯传输技术和应用关键技术的研究进展,分析了我国农业物联网发展的主要问题,从研究重点、发展布局、推进路径、应用模式和可持续发展机制等方面,提出了我国农业物联网应用发展的对策。 相似文献
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智慧农业是充分运用人的智慧发展农业的新形态,它是农业发展的新阶段、新模式和新业态。农业信息技术的发展是智慧农业发展的必然要求,以农业大数据、云计算、物联网、人工智能、农业等离子体等新一代技术可以赋能智慧农业,为智慧农业的健康发展提供了新技术、新手段和新方案。农业信息化标准化是引导农业科技进步与创新的前提,是智慧农业发展的迫切需要;农业物联网与农业专用芯片是智慧农业发展的核心技术及装备;农业大数据与云计算是海量复杂农业信息处理的有力技术支撑;农业信息安全与区块链是保障农业信息安全、农产品质量认证与农业安全的关键;农业人工智能是提高农业劳动生产力、降低资源消耗、智能高效生产的必然选择;农业等离子体技术是发展健康农业、提升农产品品质切实有效的新手段。智慧农业核心关键技术原始创新自主可控,必将引领智慧农业健康发展。 相似文献
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Although there has been increasing research on the adoption of agroforestry technologies over the last decade, few such studies have assessed uptake over a long period and many are based on a single snapshot in time. Furthermore, most of these studies have mainly looked at non-adopters and adopters: only recently have social scientists considered testers. A further category of users neglected in adoption studies has been re-adopters of technologies. Studying this group provides an interesting and more nuanced understanding of adoption and re-adoption. Methodologically, most adoption studies use quantitative methods and fail to link their findings to wider socio-economic, political and institutional settings. This paper presents a study of the dynamics of improved tree fallow use by farmers in Siaya and Vihiga districts of western Kenya over a period of eight years. It uses both qualitative and quantitative data to critically discuss the motivations of adopters, testers/rejecters and re-adopters. The results show that the process of adoption is highly dynamic and variable with farmers planting improved fallows and discontinuing or re-adopting them due to a whole range of factors, of which soil fertility improvement is just one. These factors included incentives from projects, the tying of adoption to credit programmes, prestige, participation in seminars/tours and the availability of a seed market from projects promoting improved fallows. Farmers planting improved fallows for such reasons may be termed ‘pseudo-adopters’. There were significant differences in adoption between the two districts, with more farmers in Siaya planting improved fallows than in Vihiga. A majority of farmers in Vihiga (53%) who were given seed never planted improved fallows, even though they had been exposed to the technology. Some 40% of farmers in Siaya and 38% in Vihiga planted improved fallows but later rejected them. This has some important implications for research and development. For improved fallow technologies to be attractive to farmers, they must provide other tangible economic benefits besides soil fertility improvement. This presents a challenge to researchers who must better attune themselves to the needs and demands of farmers if they wish to see their research findings widely adopted. 相似文献
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《Agricultural Systems》2005,85(2):138-154
New technologies may be adopted by farmers if they fit farmers’ resource endowments, objectives and goals, and attitudes towards risk. In this paper, the role of whole-farm modelling in technology evaluation is discussed. An assessment of prospective technology options for wheat and sugar beet in a study region in Iran is presented. Data on new technologies were collected from farmers of Fars province, staff of the Shiraz Branch of the Agricultural Research Centre, the Regional Branch of the Extension Organization, and from the Shiraz University’s Research Centre. An extension of utility efficient programming to non-linear discrete stochastic programming, was adopted to evaluate prospective technology options. Results of the study demonstrated the merits of the technique, and it was found that farmers’ total net revenue would increase considerably if adoption was to occur. 相似文献
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自江苏省农机局开始在全省范围内大力推广水稻机插秧以来，东海县的水稻机插秧技术在全县普遍展开。到2007年全县已推广各种插秧机426台，实现机插面积4200hm^2。水稻机插秧技术正在逐步地被农民所接受。东海县的水稻种植面积达到53333hm^2，是全国有名的稻米粮食基地，目前的机插秧发展速度远远不能满足农业发展的要求，必须要在推广的方式方法上作一些必要的改进。 相似文献
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农业科技是促进农业经济增长的关键性因素，更是提高农业创新力的重要源泉。随着国家对农业的重视，开始不断加大对农业科技的投入，推动农业科技的进步和革新，提升我国农业的现代化。而在不断投入的同时，如何优化和完善现有的农业科技结构和投入，保证农业科技的产出效率，进而推动农业经济增长，是当前研究的焦点。该文从农业科技投入的角度，分析科技投入与经济增长之间的关系，并通过实证对其内在机理进行研究，旨在发现其中的问题，进而制定优化科技投入的措施和方法。 相似文献
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In face of climate change and other environmental challenges, one strategy for incremental improvement within existing farming systems is the inclusion of perennial forage shrubs. In Australian agricultural systems, this has the potential to deliver multiple benefits: increased whole-farm profitability and improved natural resource management. The profitability of shrubs was investigated using Model of an Integrated Dryland Agricultural System (MIDAS), a bio-economic model of a mixed crop/livestock farming system. The modelling indicated that including forage shrubs had the potential to increase farm profitability by an average of 24% for an optimal 10% of farm area used for shrubs under standard assumptions. The impact of shrubs on whole-farm profit accrues primarily through the provision of a predictable supply of ‘out-of-season’ feed, thereby reducing supplementary feed costs, and through deferment of use of other feed sources on the farm, allowing a higher stocking rate and improved animal production. The benefits for natural resource management and the environment include improved water use through summer-active, deep-rooted plants, and carbon storage. Forage shrubs also allow for the productive use of marginal soils. Finally, we discuss other, less obvious, benefits of shrubs such as potential benefits on livestock health. The principles revealed by the MIDAS modelling have wide application beyond the region, although these need to be adapted on farm and widely disseminated before potential contribution to Australian agriculture can be realized. 相似文献
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为探究农户农业信息技术采纳行为及其驱动因素,基于采纳行为理论,对山东和北京蔬菜种植户进行调研数据分析。结果表明:农户能够充分认知到设施蔬菜信息技术优势,推广潜力巨大;但是,目前设施蔬菜信息技术普及率较低,平均采纳率为28.38%,且寿光地区比北京地区农户采纳率高16.13%;设施蔬菜信息技术采纳和未采纳的农户之间特征有明显差异;投入成本是技术采纳前农户考虑主要的因素;农户获取相关信息渠道较为单一,政府推广是技术扩散的主要方式,农户使用技术后最担心的是技术效果不明显。 相似文献
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基于机械化生产视角的中国蔬菜成本收益分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
农业机械是农业生产的重要工具和重要要素,为研究中国蔬菜种植效益的主要影响因素和机械化生产方式下农机化发展对策,运用1998—2012年统计数据对蔬菜生产成本收益进行了定量分析,通过问卷调查和实地调研等方法研究了典型区域蔬菜生产机械化现状及问题。结果表明,中国蔬菜单位面积净利润主要受价格和人工成本因素影响,价格影响程度大于人工成本,通过政策扶持完善蔬菜市场机制,有利于保障种植收益;农药和农膜的投入对蔬菜产量影响大,农药投入影响程度大于农膜投入,农业装备投入对产值影响大,化学农业对蔬菜增产的边际效用逐渐递减,而农机科技的推动作用日益突出;按投入产出指标可将中国主要蔬菜品种分为设施茄果类、露地茄果类和露地叶菜类,蔬菜品种对机械化需求紧迫程度从大到小依次为:露地茄果类、设施茄果类、露地叶菜类;中国蔬菜生产机械化水平较低,因作业环节、区域条件和蔬菜品种的不同而呈现较大差异,政策投入、推广机制和技术创新对机械化技术发展有较大影响,必须坚持因地制宜的原则,探索农机农艺融合的机械化生产技术模式,对于研究通过蔬菜省力化机械生产技术、提高劳动生产率、降低蔬菜生产成本具有重要意义。 相似文献
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基于对CAX(CAD/CAM/CAE/CAPP)技术在我国农机制造业应用的研究分析,就CAX技术在农机模具设计、车身设计、底盘布置设计和农机轻量化等方面的应用,阐述了CAX技术的应用状况及其发展前景,为CAX技术在我国农机制造业的进一步应用和研究提供了借鉴。 相似文献