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1.
《Agricultural Water Management》2005,74(3):219-242
The regular application of nitrogen fertilizers by irrigation is likely responsible for the increase in nitrate concentrations of groundwater in areas dominated by irrigated agriculture. Consequently, sustainable agricultural systems must include environmentally sound irrigation practices. To reduce the harmful effects of irrigated agriculture on the environment, the evaluation of alternative irrigation water management practices is essential. Micro-irrigation offers a large degree of control, enabling accurate application according to crop water requirements, thereby minimize leaching. Furthermore, fertigation allows the controlled placement of nutrients near the plant roots, reducing fertilizer losses through leaching into the groundwater. The presented two-dimensional modeling approach provides information to improve fertigation practices. The specific objective of this project was to assess the effect of fertigation strategy and soil type on nitrate leaching potential for four different micro-irrigation systems. We found that seasonal leaching was the highest for coarse-textured soils, and conclude that fertigation at the beginning of the irrigation cycle tends to increase seasonal nitrate leaching. In contrast, fertigation events at the end of the irrigation cycle reduced the potential for nitrate leaching. For all surface-applied irrigation systems on finer-textured soils, lateral spreading of water and nitrates was enhanced by surface water ponding, causing the water to spread across the surface with subsequent infiltration downwards and horizontal spreading of soil nitrate near the soil surface. Leaching potential increased as the difference between the extent of the wetted soil volume and rooting zone increased. 相似文献
2.
采用盆栽试验,研究了不同水肥调控措施对玉米生长、根系分布及植株氮、磷、钾养分的影响。结果表明,与常规灌溉施肥处理相比,滴灌深施处理能显著提高10cm以下土层的总根长和根表面积;在试验条件下,不同处理对玉米地上、地下部含磷量影响差异不显著,在玉米生长后期对地上部氮及地上、地下部含钾量的影响差异显著,表现为常规灌溉施肥处理要显著低于土壤表层滴灌施肥、土壤深层滴灌施肥处理。玉米在3个取样时期的生物量均表现为土壤表层滴灌施肥、土壤深层滴灌施肥处理显著高于常规灌溉施肥处理,其增长率达59.0%～75.3%、30.0%～32.5%和13.6%～16.5%。 相似文献
3.
Simulation of 1D surface and 2D subsurface water flow and nitrate transport in alternate and conventional furrow fertigation 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Hamed Ebrahimian Abdolmajid Liaghat Masoud Parsinejad Enrique Playán Fariborz Abbasi Maryam Navabian 《Irrigation Science》2013,31(3):301-316
Increasing water and fertilizer productivity stands as a relevant challenge for sustainable agriculture. Alternate furrow irrigation and surface fertigation have long been identified as water and fertilizer conserving techniques in agricultural lands. The objective of this study was to simulate water flow and fertilizer transport in the soil surface and in the soil profile for variable and fixed alternate furrow fertigation and for conventional furrow fertigation. An experimental data set was used to calibrate and validate two simulation models: a 1D surface fertigation model and the 2D subsurface water and solute transfer model HYDRUS-2D. Both models were combined to simulate the fertigation process in furrow irrigation. The surface fertigation model could successfully simulate runoff discharge and nitrate concentration for all irrigation treatments. Six soil hydraulic and solute transport parameters were inversely estimated using the Levenberg–Marquardt optimization technique. The outcome of this process calibrated HYDRUS-2D to the observed field data. HYDRUS-2D was run in validation mode, simulating water content and nitrate concentration in the soil profiles of the wet furrows, ridges and dry furrows at the upstream, middle and downstream parts of the experimental field. This model produced adequate agreement between measured and predicted soil water content and nitrate concentration. The combined model stands as a valuable tool to better design and manage fertigation in alternate and conventional furrow irrigation. 相似文献
4.
The purpose of optimal water and nutrient management is to maximize water and fertilizer use efficiency and crop production, and to minimize groundwater pollution. In this study, field experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of soil salinity and N fertigation strategy on plant growth, N uptake, as well as plant and soil 15N recovery. The experimental design was a 3 × 3 factorial with three soil salinity levels (2.5, 6.3, and 10.8 dS m−1) and three N fertigation strategies (N applied at the beginning, end, and in the middle of an irrigation cycle). Seed cotton yield, dry matter, N uptake, and plant 15N recovery significantly increased as soil salinity level increased from 2.5 to 6.3 dS m−1, but they decreased markedly at higher soil salinity of 10.8 dS m−1. Soil 15N recovery was higher under soil salinity of 10.8 dS m−1 than those under soil salinity of 6.3 dS m−1, but was not significantly different from that under soil salinity of 2.5 dS m−1. The fertigation strategy that nitrogen applied at the beginning of an irrigation cycle had the highest seed cotton yield and plant 15N recovery, but showed higher potential loss of fertilizer N from the root zone. While the fertigation strategy of applying N at the end of an irrigation cycle tended to avoid potential N loss from the root zone, it had the lowest cotton yield and nitrogen use efficiency. Total 15N recovery was not significantly affected by soil salinity, fertigation strategy, and their interaction. These results suggest that applying nitrogen at the beginning of an irrigation cycle has an advantage on promoting yield and fertilizer use efficiency, therefore, is an agronomically efficient way to provide cotton with fertilizer N under the given production conditions. 相似文献
5.
《灌溉排水学报》2019,(3)
【目的】通过水肥管理达到减少温室土壤硝态氮残留、维持土壤质量的目的,探求温室土壤硝态氮残留与水肥用量的关系。【方法】在滴灌施肥条件下,以灌水量和氮、磷、钾及有机肥用量为试验因素,根据当地日光温室番茄长季节栽培实际中的水肥用量,设计各试验因子的水肥水平,采用五元二次通用旋转组合设计进行试验。拉秧后测定耕层土壤硝态氮量,建立土壤硝态氮量与水肥因子间的数学模型,据此分析了各单因子效应及二因素的耦合效应。【结果】施氮量对土壤硝态氮残留量影响最大,施磷量、灌水量和施钾量次之,有机肥用量最小。当其他因子为0水平时,土壤硝态氮残留量随氮肥用量的增多而增加,随施磷量呈开口向上的抛物线变化,随灌水量、施钾量以及有机肥用量呈开口向下的抛物线变化。灌水量及氮、磷、钾和有机肥用量对土壤硝态氮残留产生的影响程度随其他因子的水平而变,存在明显交互作用。模型寻优显示:灌水量455.1～471.5 mm,施氮量532.3～586.5 kg/hm2,施磷量420.8～466.4 kg/hm2,施钾量646.1～723.5 kg/hm2,有机肥用量25.6～27.9 t/hm2,耕层土壤硝态氮量可维持在100～150 mg/kg的较低水平。【结论】温室菜地土壤硝态氮残留量相对较大,可以通过优化水肥用量来减少土壤硝态氮的残留,故在滴灌施肥条件下仍需严格控制水肥用量。 相似文献
6.
7.
不同生育期灌水和施氮对春玉米农田硝态氮迁移及产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对大田春玉米进行不同生育期灌水和施氮处理,研究了不同灌水和施氮对玉米农田硝态氮运移和产量的影响。结果表明:生物产量和籽粒产量及其灌溉水利用效率有随施氮量增加而增大的趋势。与全生育期灌水比较,任何生育期不灌水处理都造成生物产量和籽粒产量降低,而生育期不灌水处理增加了灌溉水利用效率,两个生育期不灌水处理的生物产量和籽粒产量的灌溉水利用效率最高。在春玉米生长阶段,拔节期,抽穗期和成熟期不灌水对生物产量影响显著,抽穗期不灌水、苗期与灌浆期不灌水、拔节期期和灌浆期不灌水处理显著影响籽粒产量。 相似文献
8.
The growth and nitrogen economy of rice under sprinkler and flood irrigation in South East Australia
E. Humphreys W. A. Muirhead F. M. Melhuish R. J. G. White J. Blackwell 《Irrigation Science》1989,10(3):201-213
Summary Dry-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L., cv. Calrose) was subjected to 4 irrigation treatments — continuous flood (CF) and sprinkler irrigation at frequencies of one (S1 W), two (S2W) and three (S3W) applications per week — commencing 37 d after 50% emergence (DAE). The amount of water applied was calculated to replace water lost by pan evaporation. Urea (120 kg N ha–1) was applied in a 1:1 split 36 and 84 DAE, and there were also unfertilized controls for each irrigation treatment. Amounts of nitrate (NO
3
–
) in the soil were very low throughout the growing season in all treatments, despite regular periods of draining which lasted for up to 7 d in SlW. In all irrigation treatments, the majority of the fertilizer nitrogen (N) was located in the top 20 mm of soil. After each application of fertilizer, levels of mineral N in CF declined rapidly, while levels in S3W and S1W remained high for 1–2 weeks longer. The poor growth of sprinkler-irrigated rice was not due to lower amounts of mineral N in the soil. The greater persistence of fertilizer N in the sprinkler-irrigated treatments was probably due to reduced root activity near the soil surface because of frequent periods of soil drying in between irrigations. Net mineralization of soil N in the unfertilized sprinkler-irrigated treatments was reduced by about half compared with CF.On average, the quantity of water applied (1.2–1.4 × EP) to the sprinkler-irrigated treatments appeared to be sufficient to meet the evapotranspiration demands of the crop, except possibly around flowering time. However, the plants may have suffered from moisture stress in between irrigations. Soil matric potential data at 100 mm suggested little water stress in the sprinkler-irrigated treatments during the vegetative stage, consistent with the similar tiller and panicle densities in all irrigation treatments. However, the crop was stunted and yellow and leaf rolling was observed in the sprinkler-irrigated treatments during this period. Soil matric potential data at 100 mm indicated considerable water stress in S1W beyond the commencement of anthesis, and in S2W during grain filling, consistent with the reduced floret fertility and grain weight in those treatments. 相似文献
9.
【目的】探索温室作物水肥气耦合滴灌下掺气量、灌水量和施氮量适宜组合方案,为提高水氮利用效率提供理论依据。【方法】设置施氮量(低氮和常氮)、掺气量(常规滴灌和曝气滴灌)和灌水量(低水量和高水量)3因素2水平随机区组试验,以地下滴灌为供水方式,通过系统监测土壤水分饱和度、氧气扩散速率(ODR)、氧化还原电位(Eh)、矿质氮量及作物水氮利用等指标,研究了水肥气耦合滴灌对温室番茄土壤通气性及水氮利用的影响。【结果】与常规滴灌相比,高水量条件下曝气处理的土壤水分饱和度有所降低,ODR和Eh显著提高。灌水量、施氮量和掺气量影响土壤矿质氮量,曝气滴灌下土壤硝态氮和铵态氮量较常规滴灌平均降低21.4%和15.5%(P<0.05),高水量处理土壤硝态氮和铵态氮量较低水量处理平均降低22.7%和14.7%(P<0.05),常氮处理土壤硝态氮和铵态氮量较低氮处理平均增加29.0%和17.8%(P<0.05)。高水量和常氮条件下番茄灌溉水利用效率较低水量、低氮处理平均降低6.7%和增加40.9%(P<0.05),高水量和常氮条件下番茄氮素吸收利用效率较低水量、低氮处理平均增加13.6%和12.7%(P<0.05),曝气滴灌下番茄灌溉水利用效率和氮素吸收利用效率较常规滴灌平均增加22.9%和12.4%(P<0.05)。【结论】水肥气耦合滴灌可有效改善土壤通气性,提高水氮利用效率,促进番茄生长,实现作物增产。本试验中,常氮曝气高水量处理是温室番茄适宜的水肥气组合方案。 相似文献
10.
《Agricultural Water Management》2005,76(3):160-180
Deep percolation and nitrate leaching are important considerations in the design of sprinkler systems. Field experiments were therefore conducted to investigate the influence of nonuniformity of sprinkler irrigation on deep percolation and spatial distributions of nitrogen and crop yield during the growing season of winter wheat at an experiment station in Beijing, China. Three experimental plots of a sandy clay loam soil in the 0–40 cm depth interval and a loamy clay soil below 40 cm were irrigated with a sprinkler irrigation system that had a seasonal averaged Christiansen irrigation uniformity coefficient (CU) varying from 72 to 84%. Except for the fertilizer applied before planting, fertilizer was applied with the sprinkler irrigation system. The corresponding seasonal averaged CU for fertigation varied from 71 to 85%. Daily observation of matrix water potentials in the root zone showed that little deep percolation occurred. Consequently, the effect of sprinkler uniformity on deep percolation was minor during the irrigation season for the soil tested. Intensive gravimetric soil core samplings were conducted several times during the irrigation season in a grid of 5 m × 5 m for each plot to determine the spatial and temporal variation of NH4-N and NO3-N contents. Soil NH4-N and NO3-N exhibited high spatial variability in depth and time during the irrigation season with CU values ranging from 23 to 97% and the coefficient of variation ranging from 0.04 to 1.06. A higher uniformity of sprinkler fertigation produced a more uniform distribution of NH4-N, but the distribution of NO3-N was not related to fertigation. Rather it was related to the spatial variability of NO3-N before fertigation began. At harvest, the distribution of dry matter above ground, nitrogen uptake, and yield were measured and the results indicated that sprinkler fertigation uniformity had insignificant effects on the parameters mentioned above. Field experimental results obtained from this study suggest that sprinkler irrigation if properly managed can be used as an efficient and environment-friendly method of applying water and fertilizers. 相似文献
11.
通过田间试验对不同水肥条件下土壤NO3--N、速效磷、速效钾、盐分分布进行研究,结果表明：在滴灌施肥条件下,土壤剖面NO3--N分布主要集中在湿润体边缘,速效磷主要分布在0～30cm范围,速效钾主要分布在0～40cm范围;合理水肥比例可提高红枣对养分的吸收和减少养分在土壤中的积累且影响土壤盐分分布。试验结果为盐渍化土壤水肥一体化管理提供参考。 相似文献
12.
Simulation of bromide and nitrate leaching under heavy rainfall and high-intensity irrigation rates in North China Plain 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Heavy rainfall and irrigations during the summer months in the North China Plain may cause losses of nitrogen because of nitrate leaching. The objectives of this study were to characterize the leaching of accumulated N in soil profiles, and to determine the usefulness of Br− as a tracer of surface-applied N fertilizer under heavy rainfall and high irrigation rates. A field experiment with bare plots was conducted near Beijing from 5 July to 6 September 2006. The experiment included three treatments: no irrigation (rainfall only, I0), farmers’ practice irrigation (rainfall plus 100 mm irrigation, I100) and high-intensity irrigation (rainfall plus 500 mm irrigation, I500), with three replicates. Transport of surface-applied Br− and NO3− (assuming no initial NO3− in the soil profile) and accumulated NO3− in soil profiles were all simulated with the HYDRUS-1D model. The model simulation results showed that Br− leached through the soil profile faster than NO3−. When Br− was used as a tracer for surface-applied N fertilizer to estimate nitrate leaching losses, the amount of N leaching may be overestimated by about 10%. Water drainage and nitrate leaching were dramatically increased as the irrigation rate was increased. The amounts of N leaching out of the 2.1-m soil profile under I0, I100 and I500 treatments were 195 ± 84, 392 ± 136 and 612 ± 211 kg N ha−1, equivalent to about 20 ± 5%, 40 ± 6% and 62 ± 7% of the accumulative N in the soil profile, respectively. N was leached more deeply as the irrigation rate increased. The larger amount of initial accumulated N was in soil profile, the higher percentage of N leaching was. N leaching was also simulated in summer under different weather conditions from 1986 to 2006. The results indicated that nitrate leaching in rainy years were significantly higher than those in dry and normal years. Increasing the irrigation times and decreasing the single irrigation rate after fertilizer application should be recommended. 相似文献
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14.
水肥减量对土壤硝态氮和番茄产量品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】解决水肥一体化下水肥施用过量问题,合理调控土壤硝态氮积累量,保证番茄产量品质为目标,寻找适宜的水肥投入减量。【方法】采用日光温室小区试验,以当地农户水肥的平均投入量为对照(CK),设置了3个不同的水肥同步减量处理(H:80%CK、M:60%CK、L:50%CK),研究了水肥一体化条件下不同梯度的水肥投入减量处理对土壤含水率、土壤硝态氮、番茄果实产量品质和水肥利用效率的影响。【结果】全生育期0~20 cm和20~50cm间土壤含水率和0~50 cm土壤硝态氮积累量呈现为CK>H处理>M处理>L处理;番茄产量表现为:CK>H处理>M处理>L处理,且各处理之间差异显著;各处理水肥利用效率差异显著;其中,H处理0~50 cm土壤层硝态氮积累量和番茄果实产量与CK差异显著,分别为71%CK和83%CK,H处理的水肥利用效率显著高于CK(p<0.05),H处理的糖酸比为CK的1.18倍。在当地水肥管理条件下,水肥减量20%时,土壤含水率较高,可显著减小土壤硝态氮积累量,番茄减产最少(M和L处理的番茄产量分别为72%CK和67%CK)同时还可小幅改善番茄风味品质,显著提高水肥利用效率。【结论】综合以上分析,建议水肥减量小于20%为宜,否则可能造成大幅的番茄产量减产。 相似文献
15.
Techniques for estimating seasonal water use from soil profile water depletion frequently do not account for flux below the root zone. A method using tensiometers for obtaining evapotranspiration losses from the root zone and water movement below it is discussed. Soil water flux below the root zone is approached by a sequence of pseudo steady state solutions of the flow equation. Upward soil water flux contributed 36 to 73% to the total water requirement of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) whereas soil water depletion accounted for 11 to 19% only. Water use efficiency with one irrigation during an early stage of plant development is greater than with no or three irrigations. This is the result of both decrease of resistance due to soil moistening and better root development. Tensiometer readings were also interpreted to estimate root zones, water table depths and soil moisture contents. Methods described in this paper can be used in determining seasonal water use by growing crops, replacing or supplementing lysimeter or meteorology approaches to this problem. 相似文献
16.
Evaluation of fertigation scheduling for sugarcane using a vadose zone flow and transport model 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
V. Ravikumar G. VijayakumarJ. Šim?nek S. ChellamuthuR. Santhi K. Appavu 《Agricultural Water Management》2011,98(9):1431-1440
Micro-irrigation has become an optimal means for providing water and nutrients to crops. There is an ample space for improving fertilizer use efficiency with micro-irrigation, if the movement and reactions of fertilizers in the soil are well understood. However, the rhizosphere dynamics of nutrients is very complex, depending on many factors such as soil temperature, pH, water content, and soil and plant characteristics. Many factors cannot be easily accurately quantified. However, using state-of-the-art modelling techniques, useful and reliable information can be derived.An attempt was made to evaluate the reactive transport of urea in the root zone of a sugarcane crop under drip irrigation, and to quantify the fluxes of urea, ammonium, and nitrate into the crop roots, volatilization fluxes, and deep drainage using a numerical model. This quantification helped in designing an optimal fertigation schedule. Various parameters used in the model were taken from either the literature or the field study. A typical scenario, based on the recommended total quantity of urea for sugar cane crop under drip irrigation in India, was tested using HYDRUS-2D. The total amount of urea was divided into fortnightly doses, depending on the stage of crop growth. For this scenario, the modelled crop uptake was found to be 30% higher than the crop demand. Consequently, an optimal fertigation schedule was developed that reduced the use of urea by 30% while at the same time providing enough N for its assimilation at all stages of crop growth. This type of modelling study should be used before planning field experiments for designing optimal fertigation schedules. 相似文献
17.
Lincoln Zotarelli Johannes M. Scholberg Rafael Muñoz-Carpena 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(1):23-34
Florida is the largest producer of fresh-market tomatoes in the United States. Production areas are typically intensively managed with high inputs of fertilizer and irrigation. The objectives of this 3-year field study were to evaluate the interaction between N-fertilizer rates and irrigation scheduling on yield, irrigation water use efficiency (iWUE) and root distribution of tomato cultivated in a plastic mulched/drip irrigated production systems. Experimental treatments included three irrigation scheduling regimes and three N-rates (176, 220 and 230 kg ha−1). Irrigation treatments included were: (1) SUR (surface drip irrigation) both irrigation and fertigation line placed right underneath the plastic mulch; (2) SDI (subsurface drip irrigation) where the irrigation line was placed 0.15 m below the fertigation line which was located on top of the bed; and (3) TIME (conventional control) with irrigation and fertigation lines placed as in SUR and irrigation being applied once a day. Except for the “TIME” treatment all irrigation treatments were controlled by soil moisture sensor (SMS)-based irrigation set at 10% volumetric water content which was allotted five irrigation windows daily and bypassed events if the soil water content exceeded the established threshold. Average marketable fruit yields were 28, 56 and 79 Mg ha−1 for years 1-3, respectively. The SUR treatment required 15-51% less irrigation water when compared to TIME treatments, while the reductions in irrigation water use for SDI were 7-29%. Tomato yield was 11-80% higher for the SUR and SDI treatments than TIME where as N-rate did not affect yield. Root concentration was greatest in the vicinity of the irrigation and fertigation drip lines for all irrigation treatments. At the beginning of reproductive phase about 70-75% of the total root length density (RLD) was concentrated in the 0-15 cm soil layer while 15-20% of the roots were found in the 15-30 cm layer. Corresponding RLD distribution values during the reproductive phase were 68% and 22%, respectively. Root distribution in the soil profile thus appears to be mainly driven by development stage, soil moisture and nutrient availability. It is concluded that use of SDI and SMS-based systems consistently increased tomato yields while greatly improving irrigation water use efficiency and thereby reduced both irrigation water use and potential N leaching. 相似文献
18.
《Agricultural Water Management》1998,37(1):55-74
High frequency irrigation with surface irrigation methods has been proposed as a means to increase cotton productivity in cases where drip irrigation or other pressurized systems are not economically justifiable. Field studies were conducted in 1993 and 1994 to evaluate the effects of surface irrigation frequency on the growth, lint yield and water use for a semi-determinate cotton cultivar in central Arizona. Cotton was grown in level basins on a sandy loam under three irrigation treatments defined as low frequency irrigation for the whole season (L), high frequency irrigation for the whole season (H), and low frequency irrigation until the initiation of rapid fruiting, high frequency during rapid fruiting, and low frequency after rapid fruiting (LHL). The treatments were governed by the percentage of allowable soil water depletion within the effective root zone, and the allowable depletion targets for low and high frequency irrigation were 55 and 30%, respectively. An irrigation scheduling program calculated the soil water depletion within the estimated cotton root depth on a daily basis for each treatment and was used to project the dates and amounts for treatment irrigations. In 1993, seven, 14, and 11 irrigations and in 1994 eight, 13 and 10 irrigations were given to the L, H, and LHL treatments, respectively. The total amount of water applied including rainfall differed among the treatments by 4% in 1993 and by 1% in 1994. Soil water measurements indicated that actual soil water depletion within the estimated cotton root depth immediately before treatment irrigations was close to the intended treatment allowable depletion targets for the majority of the growing season. Cotton growth and lint yields were maximized under the H treatment, and yields in this treatment averaged 15 and 21% more lint than the L treatment for the first and second seasons, respectively. The LHL treatment, although not as effective in increasing crop productivity as the H treatment, out yielded the low frequency treatment by an average of 10% in the two seasons. Crop evapotranspiration determined from the soil water balance was 8 and 9% higher for the H than the L treatment and 3 and 5% higher for the LHL than the L treatment in 1993 and 1994, respectively. 相似文献
19.
基于模拟降雨与自然降雨的田间试验,分析了不同施肥处理下水分渗漏与氮素淋溶过程。结果表明,夏玉米生长期间,南小区土壤剖面含水率较北小区小,且土壤水分运动主要以向下为主;北小区不同处理水分渗漏占降水量的5.4%～8.9%,而南小区则高达12%～37%。土壤硝态氮与铵态氮质量浓度随着时间的推进而降低,且铵态氮质量浓度下降速率远高于硝态氮。南小区氮素质量浓度变化较北小区快,且略小于北小区。南小区氮素淋溶量占施肥量的1%～1.8%;而北小区不足1%,且氮素流失量随着施肥量的增大而增多。 相似文献
20.
【目的】研究不同灌排模式稻田水氮动态变化,为南方稻作区节水减排提供科学依据。【方法】基于实测的田间灌排水量及氮素变化数据,采用Morris方法检测DRAINMOD模型水氮运移相关参数的灵敏度,并利用DRAINMOD模型对传统灌排模式和控制灌排模式下稻田水氮动态进行模拟。【结果】20~40 cm土层侧向饱和导水率对稻田水分运移模拟结果影响最大,弥散系数、反硝化参数、硝化反应参数、有机质适宜分解温度对稻田氮素运移模拟结果影响较大;DRAINMOD模型能够较好地模拟不同灌排模式稻田水氮动态变化、灌排水量、氮素径流总负荷模拟值与实际值差别小于11%;与传统灌排模式相比,控制灌排模式排水量减少33.0%~72.6%,灌水量减少9.7%~37.1%,铵态氮径流负荷减少43.6%~45.0%,硝态氮径流负荷分别减少29.8%~53.1%。【结论】控制灌排模式稻田节水减排效果较好,利用DRAINMOD模型进行不同灌排模式稻田水氮动态模拟可行有效。 相似文献